Hall, in his "Emigrants' and Settlers' Guide," thus speaks of the climate and productions of Colorado :

"The climate of Colorado varies with its height, both as to temperature and the amount of rain and snow. The climate of that portion lying at the base and east of the mountains is not only delightful but remarkably healthy. The frosts come generally early in the autumn, and continue far into the spring months, but they are not severe. On the plains, the snows of winter are never sufficient to prevent cattle of all kinds from thriving and fattening on the nutritious grass, dried up and thus cured by nature in July and August. Throughout the winter months, with rare exceptions, the sun blazes down with an almost tropic glow, little or no snow falls, and although the nights are sometimes sharp and frosty, there is no steady intensity of cold. With such a climate, Colorado could not well be otherwise than healthy. The sanitary condition of the Territory is good, and the number of deaths, considering the labor and exposure to which the great majority of its inhabitants are subjected, remarkably small. In a country so remote from the agricultural districts of the States, and where the expense of transporting supplies is so heavy, the need of home production is necessarily very great. The rather scanty opportunities which Colorado presents as a field for agriculture have been, however, improved to the utmost. An extensive system of irrigation has been introduced, which, it is thought, will relieve the settlers from lack of rain and other dif ficulties which have hitherto limited agricultural progress. As regards the production of grain, the crops on the various branches of the South Platte, Arkansas, Fontain que Bruille, afford encouraging prospects.

"In the southern part of the Territory considerable attention has been paid to the raising of wheat, corn, barley, and other cereals; but the continuance of dry weather presents a formidable obstacle to great success in this direction. The bottom lands of the Platte River and other mountain streams have a rich alluvial deposit, which only requires water at long intervals to promote an astonishing vegetable growth. All the succulent varieties of plants, such as potatoes, cabbages, onions, squashes, etc., attain an enormous size, retaining the tenderness, juiciness, and sweetness which almost everywhere else belong only to the smaller varieties. The wild fruits of the Territory are also numerous and abundant. It is believed that Colorado will, in a few years, be able to supply her own home demand for the necessaries of life. As a grazing and stock-raising region, Colorado pos

sesses great advantages. Near the base of the Rocky ranges, and along the valleys of the streams which have their origin in the mountains, vegetation is prolific. The grasses are not only abundant, but they contain more nutriment than the cultivated species of the most prosperous agricultural districts of the Mississippi valley. These grasses cure standing, and cattle have been known to feed and thrive upon them throughout the entire winter months."

In 1870, the Territory produced 860,000 bushels of wheat, 575,000 bushels of corn, 825,000 bushels of oats and barley, and 800,000 bushels of potatoes. The entire wealth of the Territory has been stated at $50,000,000. During the year 1870, gold and silver were shipped from the Territory to the amount of $5,454,000. A School of Mines has been established at Golden City.

There is a system of public schools in operation in the Territory, under the supervision of the Territorial Treasurer, who is also the Superintendent of Public Education. The system is yet in its infancy, but gives promise of future usefulness. The Legislature, at its last session, established an Agricultural College.

The finances of the Territory are in a prosperous condition. The annual expenses of the Territorial Government are about $30,000, and are fully covered by the receipts of the Treasury.

The Government, as in all the other Territories, consists of a Governor and Secretary, appointed by the President of the United States, and a Treasurer, Auditor, and Adjutant-General, elected by the people of the Territory. The Legislature consists of a Council of 13 members, and a House of Representatives of 26 members. The judicial power of the Territory is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two Associates, appointed by the President of the United States for a term of four years. For District Court purposes the Territory is divided into three districts, in each of which a Justice of the Supreme Court holds the sessions. There is also in each district a Clerk of the Court, who appoints deputies for every county. The Supreme and District Courts have chancery as well as common law jurisdiction.

In 1859 gold was discovered in Colorado, in the vicinity of Pike's Peak, and emigrants flocked to the Territory, and by 1860 it contained 34,277 inhabitants. In March, 1861, the Territory of Colorado was organized, being constructed of portions of Kansas, Nebraska, and Utah. The Territory has several times applied for admission

into the Union as a State, but without success. It is believed, however, that its admission will soon take place now.

The principal towns are Denver, Central City, Golden City. and Colorado City.

DENVER, the capital of the Territory, is thus described in the publication of the Denver Board of Trade, from which we have quoted :

"Denver is beautifully situated, on a plain, at the junction of Cherry Creek with the South Platte, 12 miles from the foot of the mountains, with an altitude of 5000 feet above tide level. The population is about 6000. Men from the East gaze with astonishment on this compactly built, busy settlement, with the peculiarities to the full of a large city, standing in the Great American Desert,' 700 miles from what has hitherto been supposed the ultima thule of inhabitable land on the Atlantic slope of the United States.

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"Among the public buildings there are 6 churches, several of them imposing brick structures, belonging to the Episcopal, Methodist,

Baptist, Presbyterian, and Congregational and Catholic societies respectively; 2 free and several select schools. It is connected with the East, with Central City and Georgetown, by telegraph lines, and is shortly to have the same communication with Santa Fé, New Mexico. "There are two first-class flouring mills, run by water, capable of making several hundred sacks of flour per day; two planing mills, sash and door factories, gunsmiths' and jewelery shops, cabinet manufacturers, upholsterers, etc.

"There are 3 daily papers, having also weekly editions, and 1 weekly paper; 3 first-class and many second-class hotels; 3 bridges spanning the Platte, costly and permanent structures, and 2 over Cherry Creek, erected at a cost of $16,000; 2 theatres, 2 public halls, and the United States Branch Mint buildings.

"Six lines of coaches leave every day for the termini of the railroads for Santa Fé and the various mining towns in the mountains. The view from Denver and vicinity is grand. Pike's and Long's peaks, with over 200 miles of the Snowy Range, are plainly visible, and seen through the clear mountain air, the passing clouds shading in rapid succession and infinite variety their seamed and broken surfaces, present a panorama which beggars description, and is pronounced by all travellers unequalled elsewhere in the world.”

This description was written in 1868. Since then the city has rapidly improved. The Pacific Railway connecting it with the Missouri River has been completed, and several other roads are under construction. In 1870, the population was 8000. The trade of the city, during that year, amounted to $10,000,000, and its manufactures to $1,000,000.

THE Territory of Dakota lies between 43° and 49° N. latitude, and between 96° 25′ and 104° W. longitude. It is bounded on the north by British America, on the east by Minnesota and Iowa, on the south by Nebraska and Colorado Territory, and on the west by Montana and Wyoming Territories. It is about 400 miles long, from north to south, and nearly as broad.

A recent Report of a Committee of the Legislature of Dakota, thus speaks of the Territory:

"The Territory occupies the most elevated section of country between the Arctic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico; forming, to a great extent, the water-shed of the two great basins of North America-the Missouri and the Mississippi rivers, and the tributaries of Hudson Bay. Thus within the limits of Dakota are found the sources of rivers running diametrically opposite; those flowing northward reach a region of eternal ice, while those flowing southward pass from the haunts of the grizzly bear and the region of wild rice through the cotton-fields and the sugar plantations of the Southerner, until their waters are mingled with the blue waves of the Gulf.

"The general surface of the country east and north of the Missouri is a beautiful, rich, undulating prairie, free from marsh, swamp, or slough; traversed by many streams and dotted over with innumerable lakes of various sizes, whose wooded margins, and rocky shores, and gravelly bottoms afford the settler the purest water, and give to the scenery of the Territory much of its interest and fascination. West of the Missouri the country is more rolling, and generally becomes