1. Cambyses reigned over Persia 5 (9?) years, and over Egypt 2. Darius, son of Hystaspes 3. Xerxes the Great 4. Artabanus 5. Artaxerxes 6. Xerxes Duration of Reign. yrs. 6 36 21 7 months Observations. yrs. 1. Ochus (Artaxerxes 1. Ochus, who in his III.) ruled Persia 20 years, and Egypt 2 20th year obtained 2. Arses S. Darius yrs. Arses, son of Ochus 4 (The whole number of years in the third book of Manetho is 1050.)* Such is the imperfect list of Kings given by the copyists of Manetho; but though many of the Dynasties are questionable, yet from a comparison with the old Chronicle and the Canon of Theban Kings from Eratosthenes, some general conclusions may be obtained respecting their succession and the different families who enjoyed the sovereign * Vide Mr. Corry's very useful collection of "Ancient Fragments." power. From Menes to the 18th, or at least to the 16th Dynasty, there is great obscurity; and Manetho's work is unsatisfactory, both in the number of monarchs who reigned and in the names of the Dynasties. Major Felix conjectures, with great probability, that the 16th and 17th Dynasties, according to our lists derived from the monuments, are the 12th, or the 12th and 13th of Manetho. The names in the former are given, but those of the 13th are omitted. The 15th, which I suppose to have but one king, will then be the 11th of Manetho, in which too only one is introduced, and a Diospolitan, Ammenemes, a name not very unlike Menmoph; though he states there were 15 others, whose names are not mentioned. If so, the intermediate Dynasties between the 13th and 18th have been interpolated, or were contemporary in Lower Egypt. In the Old Egyptian Chronicle, after the demigods are enumerated 15 generations of the Cynic cycle, which occupied 443 years. The 16th Dynasty is of Tanites, eight descents, during yrs. - 190 17. Of Memphites, 14 in descent - 103 18. Of Memphites, 4 in descent - 348 19. Of Diospolites, 5 in descent - 194 - 228 - 121 48 19 4.4. 20. Of Diospolites, 8 in descent 29. Of Tanites, . . . . in descent 44 Total, 30 Dynasties and 36,525 years, including 3984 of the reigns of Cronus and the other 12 Deities. 39 18 The Kings of Thebes, according to Eratosthenes, are 1. Menes the Theban, which is by interpretation Dionius : he reigned 2. Athothes, the son of Menes, by interpretation Hermogenes 3. Athothes II. 4. Diabies, the son of Athothes, signifying Philetarus 6. Togar-amachus Momchîri the Memphite, called a man 7. Stochus his son, who is Arés the Senseless 8. Gosormies, called Etesipantos 9. Mares his son, signifying Heliodorus 10. Anoÿphis, which is "a common son " 11. Sirius, or "the Son of the Cheek," or " Abascantus yrs. 62 59 19 18 79 12. Chnubus Gneurus, which is Chryses the son of Chryses 13. Rauosis, which is Archicrator 14. Biyris 15. Saophis "Comastes," or according to some "Chrematistes.' 16. Saophis the 2d. 17. Moscheres or "Heliodotus." 18. Musthis These three are probably the Suphis I. and II. and 29 33 19. Pammus (Pammes or Pamnus) Archondes 20. Apappus or " Maximus" (apwp 21. Achescus Ocaras (Exeσxos o xapas) 23. Myrtæus " Ammonodotus" (Amuntæus? more proba bly) 22 24. Thyosimares (Ouosimares) "the robust," who is called "the Sun" 12 25. Thinillus (Thyrillus or Sethinilus), which signifies the augmentor of his country's strength 26. Semphucrates, which is Hercules Harpocrates 30. Sæcuniosochus (Sykunius ochy-tyrannus, Scunios- 32. Stamenemes II. 33. Sistosichermes, " Hercules the Strong 34. Maris (or Mares) 35. Siphoas (probably Se-phthas), "Hermes the son of Vul yrs. 23 55 43 5 On the Origin of the Shepherds, or Pastor Kings. From the preceding extracts of Manetho, as from other passages in his work, it appears reasonable to conclude that Egypt was at one time invaded and occupied by a powerful Asiatic people, who held the country in subjection; and viceroys being appointed to govern it, these obtained the title of Pastor or Shepherd Kings. I have already shown there is authority for believing this event to have taken place in the early periods of Egyptian history, previous to the era of Osirtasen the First; and the monuments satisfactorily prove that in the reign of this monarch and of his second successor the Egyptians had already extended their conquests over some of the tribes of Asia, and were consequently free from any enemies within their own valley. And this war was not only carried on without much interruption to the age of Remeses the Third, but was afterwards continued at a later period until the reign of Neco. If we inquire what nation had sufficient power to obtain possession of Egypt at so remote an era, history furnishes us with no authority for supposing any other than Assyria to have been capable of making so |