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No. 4. Zinc ore-sulphuret of zinc, free from metallic alloys, and therefore very valuable-yields from 40 to 45 per ct. of metal.

Assays have been made of the ores of these mines by celebrated scientific men in various parts of the Union. They all agree in pronouncing this mineral to be the richest argentiferous ore ever found in the Union; and some of their tests show six per cent. of silver in many specimens.

These several mines, together with a large quantity of mineral lands in various sections of the state, are now the property of the South-Western and Arkansas Mining Company, incorporated by the Legislature in 1849, with a most liberal and advantageous charter. Of the successful results of this enterprise there can be no doubt, and the following anticipations, which we take from an article in the Arkansas State Democrat, are in moderation and within the scope of realization. The Editor, alluding to the progress made by the above-mentioned Company in mining, says, “We have the fullest confidence in the success of this enterprise. It will not only prove a source of immense wealth to the Company, but it must exert a very beneficial influence upon the prospects of our state. We have an abundance of mineral localities within our territory; and we only need one practical illustration of the profits of mining, to give an impetus to the enterprise of our people in every portion of the state. We predict that not many years will pass by before the annual shipments of minerals from our state will press hard upon the amount of our agricultural exports."-N. O. Bulletin.

5-SOUTHERN PRODUCTS TO THE GREAT LONDON FAIR.

Our neighbor, South Carolina, has been very active in her contributions to this fair; but as far as Louisiana is concerned, with all her talk, she will scarcely have exhibited a stick of sugar-cane, or a cotton stalk. One of her citizens, however, will attend-Lucius Duncan, Esq.

Up to the 4th inst., the following articles from South Carolina had been received and approved by the Central Committee at Washington, for exhibition at the great London Fair:

1. W. Seabrook, Sea Island cotton.

2. J. R. Jones, Upland cotton.

3. J. V. Jones, do.

4. Wade Hampton,

do.

do.

5. W. W. McLeod, Sea Island cotton.

6. E. T. Heriot, clean rice.

7. J. J. Ward, sheaf rice.

8. V. D. V. Jamieson, spirits turpentine.

9. J. Artman, one phaeton carriage.

10. Chas. B. Capers, cypress canoe.

11. Graniteville Factory, shirting and drilling.

12. Charleston Factory, shirtings and sheetings.

13. Eugene B. Bell, palmetto, oak, cedar, and poplar woods.

14. John B. De Saufoure, sweet gum wood.

15. South Carolina Rail-road Company, one circular table. 16. Mary H. Mellichamp, one basket.

6.---STEAM-CAR FACTORY.-CHARLESTON.

A large number of the new and elegant cars which have been lately placed on the South Carolina Rail-Road, are from the extensive manufactory of our fellow citizen, Mr. GEO. S. HACKER, in King-street, nearly opposite the Upper Guard House. The promptness and energy with which the site of this now lively and thriving scene of busy life has been, within a year past, metamorphosed from its former rugged, dilapidated aspect, speak volumes for the prospects of an enter prise begun under such unpromising auspices, and already carried out beyond the expectations of even its well wishers.

The factory under notice is, in all respects, a complete and comprehensive establishment. Everything is done by the aid of machinery, and principally by native workmen. The lumber is obtained from the vicinity of Edisto, brought to the yard in its rough state, and there passed through every stage of preparation for use. Three to five freight cars are sometimes turned out in a day, making an average of about one per day. Constant employment is given to about forty hands. Mr. HACKER is agent for the new India Rubber Car Springs, and is bringing them into gradual use upon our roads.-Courier.

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THERE is a natural propensity in mankind | ried, and returned to South Carolina, and

to feel a greater degree of interest in the biography of illustrious statesmen and heroes, who by their political knowledge or hero ism have contributed largely to their country's glory, than that of individuals who, with humbler pretensions, have pointed out to their countrymen those means by which labor can be honorably and profitably employed, and those sources of industry and enterprise by which the humble can find the means of profitable employment, by which capital may be safely invested, and the resources of a country at the same time greatly augmented.

We propose to give a brief sketch of the incidents in the life of an individual who, although not the earliest manufacturer of cotton cloth in Carolina, was the first in our estimation who, by his sound judgment and knowledge of machinery, demonstrated, to the conviction of the inhabitants, that our southern states were as well adapted to the manufacture of cotton as the most favored countries either in Europe or America.

WILLIAM GREGG was born in Mononga la county, in Virginia, in February, 1800. His ancestors were Quakers, residing at Wilmington, in Delaware. His father, du ring the Revolutionary War, took up arms in behalf of his native country, and was among the troops who fought in defence of Charleston. Here he was taken prisoner by the British, at the surrender of the city. Whilst on the Road to Ninety-Six, with other prisoners, he managed to make his escape in one of our swamps, and found his way back to his native state. There he mar

settled in Newberry District. He subse-
quently removed to Monongala, in Virginia,
where the subject of our present memoir
was born. At the age of four years, his mo-
ther died, which caused the separation of
the family. He was now placed with an un-
cle, Jacob Gregg, who resided at Alexan-
dria, D. C. He was a watchmaker by
trade, by which means he had accumulated
a large fortune. He also engaged largely
in the manufacture of spinning machinery.
In 1810, Jacob Gregg removed to Georgia,
taking his nephew with him. Here he erect
ed one of the first cotton factories in the
South. It was located on Little River,
(Whatley's Mills,) midway between Monti-
cello and Madison. The machinery was
principally of his own manufacture. During
the continuance of the war, the enterprise
was successful, and the return of peace
brought with it such a flood of foreign goods
into the country, that nearly all the estab-
lishments of this kind were prostrated. The
depreciation of property invested in mauu-
facturing establishments, ruined the fortune
of Jacob Gregg, and he placed his nephew
William with one of his old friends in Lex-
ington, Kentucky, to learn the trade of a
watchmaker.

William Gregg remained in Kentucky until 1821, when he went to Petersburg, to perfect himself in his profession. In 1824, he established himself in business in Columbin, S. C. By faithfulness and punctuality in his profession, he gained the confidence of the community, and prospered in his business. Much of a man's success in life, as

well as the peace and happiness of his home, depends on his choice of a companion in life, to cheer him in solitude, to strengthen his good resolutions, and render his home the seat of hospitality, of innocence and bliss. In this selection Mr. Gregg was eminently fortunate, having in 1829 married Miss Marina Jones, of Edgefield District, a lady whose intelligence, and the general excellen cy of her character, render her an ornament to her sex and a blessing to her family.

Mr. Gregg commenced business in Columbia with a limited capital, which had been accumulated by untiring industry, economy, and an assiduous attention to the duties of his profession. Not wanting in enterprise, he gradually enlarged his business. This was soon extended to an extensive European correspondence and direct trade. To effect this, he visited England and France in 1834 for the purpose of forming the neces sary connections.

Having amassed a moderate fortune, and being in delicate health, he retired from bu siness, believing that he possessed the means of providing his children with a good education, yet, at the same time, not such a superabundance as would lead them to believe that they were raised above dependence or self-exertion, which in so many instances proves the ruin of the sons of the wealthy. When a man has accumulated a certain amount of wealth, the farther acquisition is comparatively easy; Mr. Gregg, however, did not possess that love of money that would induce him to avail himself of these advantages. Instead of becoming a broker, or a money-changer, he invested his means in commerce and manufactures.

the active labors of business. Naturally possessed of an active temperament, with a mind to which knowledge of every kind is easily accessible, his time and advantages have not been suffered to pass unimproved. He is, in every sense of the word, a self-made man. He sought for information from all quarters, and intuitively applied it to practical purposes, and in this way has laid up a fund of useful knowledge, which he has, from time to time, communicated to the public. His essays on domestic industry, originally published in Charleston, were re-published in nearly all the papers of Georgia, Alabama, and other southern states. They are believed to have been the origin of the extensive manufacturing operations at Augusta, the Charleston factory, the abandonment of the restrictions on steam in Charleston, the erection of the Graniteville factory, and numerous others in Georgia, and other states farther to the south.

Preparatory to writing these essays, Mr. Gregg visited the manufacturing districts of the Northern States. His notes were made whilst sojourning among the cotton spinners of the North. There is a vein of practical good sense running through these essays that cannot fail to carry conviction to every unprejudiced mind.

"In his preface he says, "We all know what the manufacturing of cotton has done for Great Britain. It has given her an influence which makes all other states tributary to her. We also know, that this branch of manufactures was the foundation on which that vast and continually increasing structure has been reared in New-England, which has given an impetus to all other species of manufactures, infusing a spirit of enterprise, health, and vigor, into every department of industrial pursuits. I have always been a close observer of things, but when I visited the mountainous districts of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Verinont, and New Hampshire, (for it is pushing itself to the very summits of the mountains,) I could not but notice, with surprise, the effect which this branch of manufactures had produced. Wherever it finds its way, all other In 1838, Mr. Gregg removed to Charles- branches of industry follow. It brings into ton, where he resumed his former business requisition every element around it, gives in the firm of Hayden, Gregg & Company, value to every species of property, and successors to the old house of Eyland, Hay-his little domain as the future home of his causes each and every individual to cling to den & Co. It is now the house of Gregg, Hayden & Co., known in the South as extensive importing merchants; the terms of copartnership being such as to afford the senior partner of the house entire leisure from

In 1837 he purchased a large interest in the Vancluse Manufacturing Company, in Edgefield, intending to enter extensively into the manufacturing of cotton, but ill-health prevented him from purchasing that establishment when the Company sold out.

children, and resting place for his bones; and though it be but a barren rock, he places a value on it scarcely to be estimated. Every water-fall is brought into use; every forest tree is measured, even to its topmost branches, (for nothing is lost in that country)

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after the trunk has been worked into boards and shingles, the tops are cut into laths. Compare this state of things with that of our state, in which a man hesitates about building a comfortable dwelling-house, lest the spirit of emigration deprive him of its use. in which the cream of its virgin soil is hardly exhausted, before the owner is ready to abandon it, in search of a country affording new and better lands,-in which our forest lumber cutters fell, with ruthless hand, the finest timber trees on the face of the globe, selecting those portions which are the most easily turned into merchantable lumber, and leaving the balance to rot on the ground where it was cut, in which so soon as the best timber is exhausted, a water-fall, which would be worth thousands of dollars in any other country, is abandoned as wholly worthless, and in which men possessing the capital of the country, complain that it will not yield them three per cent."

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power looms to weave up our Southern yarn. When the live stock and hemp bagging which we receive from Kentucky will be brought on rail-road cars, to return laden with our cotton domestics. When we shall see a large portion of the swamps of the Santee, Pee Dee, Wateree, Congaree, Edisto, Savannah, and other swamps, brought into cultivation, the Ashly and Edisto connected by canal, the stock of the Santee Canal restored to its original value by the transit of boats loaded with grain and hay, supplying our low country with that which we are importing from other States. When our hills shall be covered with green pastures and grazing flocks of sheep, and we shall have rail-roads and turnpikes leading to every portion of the state. When our lumber cutters shall be found to be engaged in producing materials for the construction of towns and villages in our own state,-then will the tide of our prosperity be in full flood; we will then be no longer under the necessity of looking for relief through limited production; we will have ceased to be under the influence of the fluctuations of the Liverpool market; we will have rid ourselves of that position which has made us of recent days a foot ball to be kicked about by the Manchester Spinners and Liverpool Cotton Brokers. Our tub will stand on its own bottom."

"When I saw bags of our cotton arrive in those mountainous districts, which had been packed in the interior of South Carolina, and wagoned over miserable bad roads (in some instances one hundred miles) to Hamburg or Columbia; thence transported one hundred and thirty-six miles by rail-road to Charleston, where it is sold, after being submitted to the charges of drayage, wharfage, commissions, and perhaps storage; thence re-shipped to New-York to undergo similar charges, where it is purchased by one of these manufacturers and again re-shipped to Hartford, and from the last-named place, making a dangerous and difficult passage up the Connecticut River, is landed, and again hauled in wagons, some thirty or forty miles, over mountainous roads; and having now reached its final destination, (at double its original cost,) is manufactured into coarse cloth. Going over the same ground again, it reaches New-York, where it is re-shipped to Charleston, and finds its way back again into the interior of our state. I repeat, when I saw these things, and knowing, as I do, the rich resources of South Carolina, and the facility with which this cotton could be turned into cloth, by the labor around us, which might be applied to it without detriment to other pursuits-could it be expected, that I would write without using strong terms?" We re-published in our volumes last year, the major portion of the valuable essays of Mr. Gregg, upon cotton manufacture at the South, and have since received his able address before the South Carolina Institute for the promotion of arts, mechanical ingenuity and industry, which we hope to pub-state, and no doubt had its effect in produclish before long. Meanwhile we quote the ing a favorable view of this subject in that closing paragraph, in which Mr. Gregg looks state. into the future of Carolina.

"And her prosperity will be in full tide when we shall hear of large factories putting up at the East to be filled with thousands of

In 1845, application was made to the Legislature of South Carolina, for a charter of incorporation of the Graniteville Company. As incorporations were at that time unpopu lar in the state, it was doubtful whether such a charter could be obtained as would be acceptable to the stockholders; these doubts enlisted his anxious efforts, and caused him to publish the pamphlet entitled "An inquiry into the expediency of granting charters of incorporation for manufacturing purposes in South Carolina," signed, of the people." A copy of this pamphlet was placed into the hands of each member of the Legislature, and we have no doubt, that it was finally instrumental in producing the great change in public sentiment which has since taken place. The Graniteville charter, which is a very liberal one, was passed by a large majority of both houses. The same pamphlet was re-published in Georgia, and was laid before the Legislature of that

one

Immediately after obtaining a charter, the Graniteville establishment was commenced

with a capital of $300,000. Mr. Gregg took the entire supervision of the work, and de

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