Old Creole Days. Since this volume Cable has written a number of novels, of which the most successful are The Grandissimes, and John March, Southerner. Living in Northampton, Massa

chusetts.

CHURCHILL, WINSTON (1871). Born in Saint Louis. Novelist. Best known novels: Richard Carvel, The Crisis, The Crossing, The Inside of the Cup. Living at Cornish, New Hampshire.

CLEMENS, SAMUEL LANGHORNE (1835-1910), better known as "Mark Twain." Born in Missouri. Printer, and steamboat pilot on the Mississippi. Moving west, became journalist in Nevada and California. At age of thirty-two went East, and began his career as humorist. Innocents Abroad, Roughing It, and Following the Equator are unevenly humorous books of travel. Wrote a number of excellent short stories, such as The Million Pound Bank Note, A Double-Barreled Detective Story, and the Jumping Frog. The Prince and the Pauper is a delightful child's story. Twain's generally admitted masterpieces, however, are two stories of the life he had seen in the Mississippi valley, Tom Sawyer, and Huckleberry Finn. Died in Connecticut.

CRAWFORD, FRANCIS MARION (1854-1909). Born in Italy. Partly educated in America, but spent comparatively little time in this country, and made his permanent home in Italy after 1883. Most of his stories are Italian in setting and characters, the best being a trilogy dealing with three generations of a family, Saracinesca, Sant' Ilario, and Don Orsino. Held very decided views as to the function of fiction, set forth in essay, The Novel: What It Is. Died in Italy.

FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895). Born in Saint Louis. Life spent in journalism in the Middle West. Best known for his poems of childhood, like Little Boy Blue, Wynken, Blynken, and Nod, Seein' Things, and Jest 'fore Christmas. Died in Chicago.

FORD, PAUL LEICESTER (1865-1902). Born in Brooklyn, New York. Historian and novelist. Best novel The Honorable Peter Stirling, based to some extent on the life of President Cleveland. In the field of history, where he seems likely to be rated higher than in the field of pure literature, some of his important works are: The Many-Sided Franklin, The True George Washington, The Works of Thomas Jefferson (editor), Essays on the Constitution (editor). Died in New York.

FREEMAN, MARY E. WILKINS (1862). Born in Massachusetts. Has written many sketches of New England village life, with good character studies: A New England Nun, The Heart's Highway, Understudies, and others. Living in Metuchen, New Jersey.

HALE, EDWARD EVERETT (1822-1909). Born in Boston. Preacher and man of letters. Chaplain, United States Senate, from 1903 until death. Best-known story, The Man without a Country. Died in Boston.

HARRIS, JOEL CHANDLER (1848-1908). Born in Eatonton, Georgia. Editor, the Atlanta Constitution; and creator of “Uncle Remus," the type of the old Georgia darkey "befo' de war." Died in Atlanta.

HARTE, FRANCIS BRET (1839-1902). Born in Albany, New York. Like Field, Twain, Harris, a journalist. Spent about twenty years from 1854 in California, the life of whose mining towns he depicted in verse and in prose tale. Only one poem of Harte's is widely known to-day — Plain Language from Truthful James (also called The Heathen Chinee). Many tales still widely read and ranked high by critics, among them The Luck of Roaring Camp, The Outcasts of Poker Flat, Tennessee's Partner, How Santa Claus Came to Simpson's Bar. Died in England.

HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881). Born in Massachusetts. Editor, first of Springfield Republican, and later, of The Century Magazine. Wrote satirical essays under the name of "Timothy Titcomb "; poems; and novels, which were very popular in their day, but are now recognized as very commonplace. PoemsKatrina, Bitter Sweet; novels - Seven Oaks, Arthur Bonnicastle. Died in New York City.

HOWELLS, WILLIAM DEAN (1837). Born in Ohio, but his literary activity is connected chiefly with New York City, where he has been associated with various magazines. Although he has produced many kinds of literary work, he is notably at his best in realistic fiction. Commonly called the "Dean of American Writers." A fair knowledge of Howells can be got from Their Wedding Journey, A Modern Instance, and The Rise of Silas Lapham. Living in New York City.

JAMES, HENRY (1849). Born in New York. Except for the accident of birth, James has small title to inclusion among American

writers. He was educated in Europe, and has lived in England since the age of twenty. Attitude towards things American is for the most part either patronizing or mildly contemptuous. Most important works are novels, of which The Portrait of a Lady and The Princess Casamassima are representative.

Jewett, SaraH ORNE (1849–1909). Born in South Berwick, Maine. Wrote many tales of New England life, including Deephaven, The Country of the Pointed Firs, and A Native of Winby, and Other Tales. Died in the house in which she was born, a colonial mansion a hundred and fifty years old.

MIFFLIN, LLOYD (1846). Born and still lives in Columbia, Pennsylvania. Has devoted his literary efforts chiefly to sonnet-writing.

MILLER, JOAQUIN (1841-1913). Born in Indiana. "The Poet of the Sierras." Treats in verse better than Harte's the same sort of subjects Harte treated. Also farmer, miner, lawyer, judge, editor. Died in Oakland, California.

MITCHELL, SILAS WEIR (1839-1914). Born in Philadelphia. Physician and novelist. After becoming widely known as a specialist in nervous diseases, and acquiring financial independence, turned to the occupation he had always longed for- literature. Attained great success in his chosen line. Best novel, perhaps, is Hugh Wynne, a story of the Revolution. Died in Philadelphia.

Murfree, MaRY NOAILLES (1850); pen-name, “Charles Egbert Craddock." Born in Murfreesboro, near Nashville, Tennessee. Has succeeded in portraying in vivid fashion the life and characters of the Tennessee mountains. Some titles: In the "StrangerPeople's" Country, The Mystery of Witch-Face Mountain, and Other Stories, The Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains, The Despot of Broomsedge Cove. Still living in Murfreesboro.

PAGE, THOMAS NELSON (1853). Born Hanover County, Virginia. Lawyer. Began literary career with stories of ante-bellum days in Virginia, collected under the title, In Ole Virginia. A longer story, for children, Two Little Confederates. Has also written novels, of which the most noteworthy is Red Rock, dealing with the Reconstruction period. Author of some works not fiction The Negro: The Southerner's Problem; Robert E. Lee, The Southerner; and Robert E. Lee, Man and Soldier. Appointed Ambassador to Italy, 1913. Residence in Washington, D.C., for many years past.

PARKMAN, FRANCIS (1823-1893). Born in Boston. After graduation from Harvard, made a tour of exploration through the far West, the result of which was The Oregon Trail. A different sort of result was seriously impaired health, which proved as great a handicap as Prescott's accident proved to him. Like Prescott, however, Parkman triumphed over his weakness, and produced a notable series of historical works usually referred to by the general title, France and England in North America. Beginning with The Conspiracy of Pontiac (1851), Parkman was occupied with the theme for forty years, concluding with A Half-Century of Conflict the year before his death. Died at Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. RILEY, JAMES WHITCOMB (1853). Born in Indiana. Widely known and loved as the "Hoosier" poet. Poems mostly in dialect, and with a strong appeal to young readers. First collected volume, The Old Swimmin'-Hole, and 'Leven More Poems. Other favorite works are: Poems Here at Home, The Lockerbie Book, Raggedy Man, When the Frost is on the Punkin, and Other Poems, An Old Sweetheart of Mine. A biographical edition of his complete works was published in 1913. Living in Indianapolis.

STEDMAN, EDMUND CLARENCE (1833-1908). Born in Connecticut. Poet and critic. Of most value for his longer critical works - Poets of America, and Victorian Poets; and for the anthologies covering these fields. Died in New York City.

VAN DYKE, HENRY (1852). Born in Germantown, Philadelphia. Pastor in New York City; Professor in Princeton University; Minister to The Netherlands, 1913. Poems, essays, and one story that has attained world-wide fame - The Story of the Other Wise Man. Essays collected under the titles Fisherman's Luck, Little Rivers, The Ruling Passion, The Blue Flower. Home, Princeton, New Jersey.

SELECTED LIST OF BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL WORKS

Works specifically referred to in the history are followed in each case by the page on which the reference occurs, and are listed under the names of the biographers and critics. Other standard works not so referred to, but to which the present writer - in common with all who enter the field is largely indebted, are listed under the names of the authors with whom they deal. The list pretends to be only a selection. Abbreviations: A. M. L., American Men of Letters, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston; E. M. L., English Men of Letters, The Macmillan Co., New York; Beacon, Beacon Biographies, Small, Maynard & Co., Boston; G. W. S., Great Writers Series, Walter Scott, London.

ARNOLD, MATTHEW (pp. 41, 170 ff.) — Emerson. (Discourses in America, London, 1885. Macmillan.)

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ARNOLD, MATTHEW (p. 92 n.) — On the Study of Poetry. (Essays in Criticism, Second Series, London, 1888. Macmillan.)

ARNOLD, MATTHEW (p. 261) - A Guide to English Literature. (Mixed Essays, London, 1879. Macmillan.)

BIGELOW, JOHN (pp. 83 ff.) — Bryant. (A. M. L., 1890.)

BURROUGHS, JOHN (p. 244)— Whitman: A Study. (Boston, 1896. Houghton.)

Bryant. By W. A. BRADLEY. (E. M. L., 1905.)

CABOT, J. E. (pp. 158 ff.) — Memoir of Emerson. (The standard biography. 2 vols. Boston, 1887. Houghton.)

CARPENTER, G. R. (p. 247) — Whitman. (A. M. L., 1903.)

CARY, EDWARD (p. 228) — Curtis. (A. M. L., 1894.)

CLYMER, W. S. B. (pp. 96 ff.) — Cooper. (Beacon, 1901.)

CONWAY, M. D. (p. 120 ) — Hawthorne. (G. W. S., 1890.)

CURTIS, GEO. TICKNOR (p. 134)— Webster. (2 vols. New York, 1870. Appleton.)

CURTIS, GEO. WILLIAM (pp. 87, 92) - Bryant. (Orations and Addresses, Vol. III. New York, 1894. Harpers.)

GARNETT, R. (p. 166) — Emerson. (G. W. S., 1888.)

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