petuate their usurped wealth and power over the national

mind!

"Amid the conflict of noisy polemics and the storm of passion which distinguished the new era, no wonder the voice of reason, so long stifled, was scarcely heard; and that the multitude dared on, under the directions of their new guides, paying tithes of all that they possessed, and thanking God that they were Anglican Protestants.† "Enchanting, as was the delusion, and long as it has lasted, the spell is now broken, and men have awoke to a sense of the crying enormities practised in the name of religion.+

To the thinking portion of the people, we should therefore say the real causes of PRIESTLY TUITION, (whether Roman, Anglican, Methodist, or Dissenter,) are WITHIN your own organization; not WITHOUT. Expect not, then, to benefit by the reforms of any OUTWARD religious abuses, so long as your INWARD feelings sanction its influence and cherish its mystic power over your thoughts and action; i. e. so long as you are deprived of that enlightenment, which intellectual education in the natural sciences can alone bestow.

Nor should any one peruse this rapid sketch of the inventions and usurpations of political Christianity, without being daily impressed with the fact, that the Tory party

with more certainty, it being the business I am engaged in, and having a knowledge of each department, can state the advantages to be derived from introducing it. Six watch finishers or makers working together, might complete for sale, twenty-four watches of a certain description in one month, the cost of the material, carriage, tools, &c., would be about £61; they would sell, with a very moderate profit for about £100; when the labour of the six workmen had been put upon them, the result would be 21 watches per month. 312 per year would cost £793.

The return would be £100 per month, or £1300 per year. 793

;

literally fulfilled, otherwise in some instances natnral enrolled in the calendar, (of saints--not sinners,) and had a day set justice and equity would be overturned."

apart to commemorate his pre-eminent benevolence. Allow me to ask the clergy if this is to be considered When benefits are conferred on undeserving individuals, it is coman orthodox sentiment ?

mon to hear much laudation of the magnanimity and generosity which It implies that the natural laws of justice and equity prompted the bestowal of such benefits ; it adds an additional value to must be observed, although not in unison with a divine them beyond their intrinsic worth. In this respect, Mr. Connard's mandate. If we admit that the scriptures, containing, persccutor is entitled to grateful and honomble montion. The object according to the text, the law and the prophets, are a of his kindness is in no way entitled to such distinguished notice. revelation from heaven, it is clear to all who reason Mr. Connard is not the real debtor, only the surety ; and, as the genuupon this momentous subject, that they ought to con- inc Simon Purc has absconded, Mr. C. has become the scape-goat. It stitute a standard ; an authority, at whose shrine, all is quite in accordance with religious morality to make the innocent bear human knowledge must be sacrificed.

the punishment of the guilty ; and Mr. Ainsworth's conduct is thereTo be told from the pulpit of a parish church, that fore not only highly benevolent, on the grounds we have stated, but the precept inculcated in the text, cannot with pro- highly orthodox also. priety be fulfilled, sanctions parishioners in violating a

The Commissioner seems determined that he also shall have a little holy command; to speak more plainly, IT IS INFI; claiin to saintship ; his piety in the affair is truly edifying, and must, DELITY. The law and the prophets must be observed

no doubt, be attended with the happiest effects, in the conversion of on all occasions, however much opposed to man's natural knowledge.

sceptics. Henceforth, no one who goes before the truly pious and AN ORTHODOX DIVINE. learned H. R. Reynolds, Esq., will have any doubts as to a future state. August 14th, 1839.

The terror of perpetual imprisonment, and the imputation of madness, N. B. I would have forwarded these few observations will be most potent arguments, and will, no doubt, make many orthoto the York Courant, but thought they would not be dox believers. Mr. Reynolds will not be troubled with many nonadmitted.

conformists. Holy Mother Church may rejoice in having found such

a vigorous and enligbtened ally. Some people may have their doubts On different occasions I have sent letters to the

as to the sincerity of his converts, insinuate, that it would be better public journals, calculated to rectify error and inform their readers of the views entertained by the Socialists,

to have other and less equivocal evidences, and hint, that it is likely and, generally speaking, they have been rejected.

to lead to hypocrisy, to the violation of conscientious opinions, a denial

with the lips of the truth which is living within the mind ; but, One Editor replied, “Nil nisi nomen ;" and another n'importe, they will say they believe, swallow the oath, and thereby that my communication could not be printed, lest it

greatly promote the happiness and glory of God, as well as the morality should draw “the hornets about their ears!”

What capital saints are Commissioners of insolvent courts !

O how wonderful are the “ strange fantastic tricks" which superTHE NEW MORAL WORLD. stition makes its votaries “play before high heaven.” How awfully

does it inhumanise, demoralise, and derange the minds of its recipients ! Suturday, August 24, 1839.

Blinding them to the most obvious dictates of truth and justice, and

impelling them to the commission of the worst outrages on both, they THE MORALITY OF OATHS AND RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION,

trample on the sacred and imprescriptible rights of humanity with the consecrated words “religion” “God” in their mouths, at the very

time they are committing enormities which make not“ angels,” but « Swear not at all ; but let your nay be nay, and your yea, yea." all thinking and good men weep. “ Blessed are ye when men persccute you, and say all manner of evil

The worshipful commissioner was particularly urgent on the subject against you."-Jesus Christ.

of belief. The reiteration of “Do you believe” in his first examiThe blessings of persecution have ever been considered as rather nation is truly orthodox ; to judge from it, one would imagine that a hypothetical by those who have had the felicity of enjoying them. sound belief is a synonyme for every virtue. The weightier matter If, however, putting the feelings of the persecuted out of sight, we look of the law may be neglected with impunity, but a flaw in one's belief at those of the persecutors, assuming that they believe the passage is an inexpiable offence. Burns, truly says, you may quoted above, it must be confessed, that the number of benevolent

“ Be to the poor like ony whunstane, blessing-diffusing people in the world is very great.“ It is more

And haud their noses to the grunstane ; blessed to give than to receive,” says another portion of the book from

Try every art o' legal thieving,

Nae maier stick to sound believing." which our motto is taken ; and, in this light, how blessed must be the And you will find that the practice of society wonderfully accords persons who have the ineffable pleasure of bestowing on their fellow with the description of the witty poet. We have a great number of men the blessings of persecution, especially for differences of opinion !

" sound believers," but a woeful scarcity of doers of the commands of One of our friends has had somewhat too copious a shower of these

the gospel. blessings poured out on him, from the overflowing stores of an eminent

Mr. Connard's refusal to avow opinions he did not believe was of Christian, of Oldham ; whose deeds must have made him, in the lan- itself a prima facie evidence of the moral worth and conscientiousness guage of Burns,

of men.

the clearest evidence, proved to be utter falsehoods. Does the oath | squares, pentagons, hexagons, &c., &c., &c., that all the old ladies change these falsehoods into truths? Does it not rather increase the iniquity of the transaction, adding hypocrisy, lying, and perjury to fraud and deception? Yet these officials are content to go on year after year, administering the form of words, which are glibly swallowed by such persons as these, and only rejected by the conscientious; and the law therefore opens the prison door to give liberty to them, and closes it upon the truly religious, moral, and valuable member of society. Villainy walks abroad in the sunshine, with the mark of the orthodox beast on his forehead; honesty pines in the darkness of the cell, apart from friends and home, and men call it "madness."!

When Mr. Allsop, of London, refused to act as a juror, and call guilty those whom society had left shelterles, foodless, and ragged; to whom it had denied moral and mental training, as well as physical comfort, and averred, that society, which was the parent of their consequent crimes, ought to be remodelled to us to prevent, what punishment without such alteration, could never cure. The Recorder was horrified at such a doctrine, and said its advocate was "mad." Mr. Commissioner Reynolds has added another individual to this class of lunatics. Those who dare to speak what they believe, are, henceforth, on these high legal authorities, mad ;-hypocrites, liars, and SWEARERS, alias oath-takers, are the only rationalists.

present unanimously declared that it surpassed all the knowledge they possessed! Such absurdities are not so much the fault of the teacher, as of the over-weening vanity of the parent. Infant Schools have thus been perverted. Reading has been forced into them, and even catechisms have been introduced! The intellect is thus forced-unnaturally forced-the school is an intellectual hot bed-and merits_no small share of Dr. Brigham's censure. What then ought an Infant School to be? It ought to be a place for training children to general good habits, the want of which may be said to form the reproach of all, but especially the lower orders. It ought to provide ample means for exercising the bodily powers, and practically illustrating the causes of health. Were these things acceded to, under the eye of men whom proper remuneration would bring into the field, Infant Schools would form the regular resort of every child from two to four years of age."

means, new.

50

() 50

a

be let out on the lowest possible terms. Other minor regulations The opinions which these men promulgate are, by no are attached to 'he plan. The principle on which it is founded is

Robespierre entertained, and to a certain express: d in these words, 'l'irvlement de l'ourrier is one of the causes, the inost effective of this malady; the remedy is in association.' ”.

,

extent, acted upon similar opinions. Anti-property docProbable expense of a fainily of six persons, per week, in such trines were actively disseminated towards the decline of an es ablishincnt :

the Romau empire. Amidst the wild theological dogmas Lodging.

2 fr. 50 cents.

propagated by the fifth-monarchy men three centuries Food, 1!, fr. per day.

50 Subscriptions to Infirmary, tire, &c.

ago, may be traced tenets hostile to the institution of Schooling of Children...

property. The “Socialism" of the 19th century inPensions of Old Members

volves, in fact, only the resurrection of certain very old Clothes..

forms of thought. Furniture, Amusements, &c.

We have attempted to state dispassionately, what we Total....

20

believe to be the vature of that inner spirit which renders

Chartism dangerous to the Social arrangements which EXTRACTS FROM OUR CONTEMPORARIES. now surround us. That spirit, we may rest assured, is

not to be rebuked, nor rendered inactive, simply by re(From the Morning Herald.)

pressing outrages at Birmingham, or elsewhere, -nor The operation of the new poor law has tended to yet by punishing the immediate authors of these outrages. secure wide diffusion to doctrines, in regard to the insti- Order must, of course, be maintained; but something tution of property-doctrines, which, excepting in times more than an increase (however necessary they may be) of the deepest sucial and political excitement, have rarely in the troops of the line must be determined on, before been listened to. Such doctrines, however, have always Chartism shall be divested of its terrors. been broached (as far as authentic history enables us to

Anti-property doctrines have recently found acceptance determine) in those periods of contention which precede with the labouring classes, because the property of the the downfall of mighty states.

Absit omen! Yet, it labouring classes-their labour and their slender accumubecomes legislators of all classes to faniliarise themselves lations-have been deprived of all security. The spirit with the nature of the opinions, which lend their cha- of our legislation for twenty years past has been little else character to the present movement, and which, in truth, than a spirit of robbery. Thus, the legislature has perare pregnant with ten thousand times more of peril to the mitted a small band of niachine-owning capitalists to rob existing order of things, than any mere acts of outrage eight hundred thousand hand-loom weavers of the means can ever be !

of comfortable existence. The Currency Act of 1819 The present movement on the part of the labouring was, virtually, an act of confiscation—an act passed by classes in the manufacturing districts differs decidedly the legislature at the expense of the producing classes, from any morement that has ever been witnessed in solely for the benefit of money-owners, and of idle conEngland before. It is to a great extent, a movement of England of that first mortgage over the soil, with

The new poor law has despoiled the labourers against the institution of property—a movement not sought to be consummated by the mere destruction of

which the constitution previously invested them. The particular masses of property, but by the abolition of

law is, therefore, pre-eminently an act subversive

of the sacredness of property. The establishment of property, as a social institution. The individuals, whose opinions have lent their impress to the present system of

railroads, again, is another revolutionary movement—a agitation, have, for many years, proclaimed, that the movement which will annihilate tens of millions of proaccumulation of property in the hands of private indi- perty, and throw out of permanent employment, tens of viduals must, in the nature of things, render the world thousands of labourers, through whose ministrations the one wide scene of misery and oppression, by enabling the

In reviewing,

old system of travelling was maintained. rich few to devour the produce of the industry of the nothing meets the eye of the inquirer

, except flagrant and

in short, the whole course of our recent legislation, labouring many. Such is, in outline, the creed of the sect of Socialists-a sect, which has increased, within most mischievous violations of that principle which our these ten years, to an extent that might startle even the legislators affect to hold sacred—the principle of property!

The anti-property opinions which now find favour in most intelligent of those, who care little about the statis

the tics of opinion. But although the Socialists denounce confirmed, by the anti-property legislation of the rich;

of the poor have been generated, or, at least, the institution of private property, they have never and until the humble labourer shall be convinced that he recommended the abolition of property by means of phy- shall not be robbed by law—now, of his little accumulations sical force. There is, however, scattered throughout the manu- trines will continue to diffuse themselves. It our legis

-now, of the market for his labour-anti-property docfacturing districts, a large body of individuals, who hold lators would put down Chartism, let them respect the the enols of Socialism to be the only true ends for which rights of industry ;-let them protect the labourer from society ought to exist ;-yet who dissent altogether from crushing competition with yntaxed machinery, and with the Socialists, as to the means, by which those ends may lightly-taxed foreigners ;-let them abolish, wholly and be best attained. The class of men to whom we allude, unreservedly, the new poor law, and restore, at the same hold that the institution of property never will be abo- time, the ancient birthright of the English labourer. If, lished, unless by the aid of physical force-whilst they however, our law-makers will persist in robbing the poor hold, at the same time, that until the institution of pro- producer of all chance of fair remuneration for his toil, perty shall be abolished, there exists no hope of achiev- let our law-makers cease to wonder, if the institution of ing the regeneration of society.

property shall come to be regarded with slender reverence The physical-for e anti-property men are the real by the men who are suffering, at e:ery moment, under directors of the pre ent system of agitation !

the abuses of its influences

sumers.

new poor

а

MAN IS THE CREATURE OP CIRCUMSTANCES."

CONVERT SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS INTO What is the result ? Children of several persons of SCHOOL HALLS.

liberal opinions are deprived, through moral canses, of the advantages of an early acquaintance with the elements of knowledge. The writer has met with several

instances, wherein children have not been sent to school, The doctrine that leads the philosopher and the because all the neighbourhood have been of a sectarian philanthropist to apply all their energies to realize a character. Where is the remedy ? It is at hand; and superior state of society is more generally acted upon requires but little exertion to put it into operation. Let than is apparent at the first view. The richer classes every Social Institution, possessing a place to meet in, of society are scrupulous to the liighest degree respect- adopt measures for converting their lecture rooms into ing the strangers they admit within their circles; and School Halls, and open Infant and other Schools ; but if a member of their caste happens to offend the eti- more especially the former, as they will, if they become quette of “ their order," they all agree to surround him general, and are conducted upon right principles, force with new circumstances, and “ send him to Cuventry," into general practice a more correct system of training and the poor wight is soon described as an “altered for all classes; and thereby hasten the period when character; but the select never for a moment suspect

children shall be surrounded with the best possible that they are the instruments that have helped to mould arrangements, calculated to develope, and rationally him into an altered character. No, they button them- occupy, all the faculties, and secure to each that amount selves up in their exclusiveness, and exclaim_" There of happiness, of which his nature is susceptible. is no accounting for tastes.”

Before, however, the education of the rising populaThe influence of circumstances is powerfully seen in tion can be conducted successfully upon right princithe education given to the children of the various ples, it must be based upon a general plan, in accordclasses of society. The child must be sent to such ance with human nature; and for this purpose, a schools only as possess the sort of reputation required central governing power is the best adapted for carrying by the parent. Eton or Harrow, Oxford or Cambridge, into operation such plan. Upon this ground, the must contribute their share in forming the character of writer deems it expedient that the Central Board adopt those who are to be trained to be ambitious of the measures for establishing and superintending schools in highest and richest offices in the state. If a pupil is connection with all the Branches capable of supporting directed to apply his mind to the more useful pursuits these highly desirable establishments. of science or commerce, he is educated accordingly; It may be objected, that no perfect system of educaand although the end sought is not always obtained, tion can be realized amidst the present highly competistill the character required to be formed is generally tive and irrational state of society. Admitted ; but, given to the individual trained. The farmer keeps his although all cannot be effected that is desirable, still, son's attention upon his crops, his fields, and fallows; these establishments would accomplish immense good, the merchant forms his pupil's character upon “prices and even be instrumental in destroying the evil influcurrent,” the market, and the ledger; the military ences which exist around them. As the schools which man may be manufactured at Chatham, and the sailor might be commenced by the Central Board would be at Portsmouth. The poor man's child has his cha- open to all classes, sects, and parties, and as they would racter formed upon the same unerring principles which be conducted on the most enlightened and liberal prinmake such a difference between him and his neighbours, ciples, no doubt vast numbers would in a short time whom he looks upon as his superiors. He is compelled flock to them; and those whose lot might be cast for to leave his children to acquire such habits as are admission into the most perfect form of school-the prevalent amongst his associates; if these be vulgar or community--would be the better prepared, by previons vicious, he cannot be refined.

training, to benefit from the influence of superior arIn religion we shall find the same principle adopted: rangements. the Jew worships in his synagogue, and the Gentile in One advantage of establishing schools in connection bis temple; the Churchman in his church, and the with the branches would soon be felt; the parents of Mussulman in his mosque. The faith of a “Friend" the children adınitted into these institutions would feel is known by the cut of his coat, and the Turks by the deeply interested in their success, would visit the festiturban. All these outward signs are but so many vals and lectures, and become converts and members of indications of the influence of circumstances.

the social union. There is one class in society which ought to seize When recommending schools to be established in every opportunity to put into operation this important connection with the branches, the writer by no means principle, but hitherto, it has not been either numerous, contemplates such schools as bear the name in various wealthy, or united enough to do so, as regards forming parts of this country: there is not a single institution the characters of the rising generation. This class that can be referred to as a model, in every respect. includes that portiou of society which, from conviction, The Socialists profess to be guided by the doctrine feels strongly opposed to the general irrational systems that man is the creature of the circumstances by which' of cramming children with theo-mystical doctrines that he is surrounded; it is time, now, that they exemplify the teachers cannot explain, nor the pupils comprehend. Their fuith in their works, and surround their children The children of this clasy are unfortunate as regards by the best circumstances within their power. The education. The convictions of their parents deter them social body have the control over several large and comfrom sending them to the mind-enslaving schools of the modious institutions, wliich might, with very little exday; and the tastes of the public have not yet ruised pense, be converted into excellent school halls. There up tbose suited to their wants,

tre vast numbers of children who would gladly, and with