married to Mussulmans, and whose sons served as native officers or troopers in the late king's army. He himself commanded a portion of the ex-king's artillery. Both these persons were said to have adopted the Mohammedan faith.

left for himself; and the thousand-and-one | sion of a captain. The latter was a man cannon-balls and musket-bullets which born in Lucknow, whose daughters were afterwards penetrated the house, and in the end converted it into a heap of ruins, smashed to atoms whatever was not taken away. The splendid library of Captain Hayes, consisting of priceless Oriental manuscripts, and the standard literary works of every nation of Europe, and dictionaries of every language spoken on earth, from the patois of Bretagne down to Cingalese, Malay, and ancient Egyptian, were for the nonce converted into barricades. Mahogany tables, valuable pieces of furniture, carriages and carts, were every where, within our intrenchments taken possession of for the same purpose. The records of the offices, in large boxes, chests of stationery, and whatever else could be laid hold of, were made use of to serve as a cover from the enemy's fire, which now constantly increased.

Sir Henry, throughout this trying time, was seen every where. He visited every post, however exposed its position, however hot the fire directed against it; and it must be confessed that the enemy's artillerists, taught by ourselves, were excellent marksmen. With incredible rapidity, with remarkable ingenuity, and with indomitable perseverance, they had, in the very first week, made batteries in positions where one would have fancied their erection impossible-some having actually been moved to the tops of houses, and others placed most cleverly in places where our own batteries could not effectually open on them, and which were well protected from musketry-fire.

It is also probable that their artillery was commanded by European officers, wretches for whom no punishment would be ignominious or severe enough. One of these was seen several times laying a gun and giving orders, apparently like one having authority. From the description given me, it is not unlikely that it was either Captain Savory or Captain Rotton, who had both remained in the city, and during the disturbances never came near the Residency.

A Frenchman named Leblond, as great a villain as ever breathed, also an apostate, probably likewise joined the insurgents; and a young man, whose name I do not wish to mention, on account of his family, was most probably the person who had commanded the enemy's cavalry at Chinhutt. Two of his cousins were fighting valiantly against the rebels in the Residency; another was massacred at Futtyghur, after combating for us; a fourth was wounded in action against the Agra rebels; and a fifth had accepted a military appointment under government, and distinguished himself, as I afterwards learned, in several engagements against the mutineers. The apostate himself had long been disowned by his relatives. But it is also likely that some Russian officers had entered the army of the insurgents. One of them, who at first had given himself out as a Siberian refugee, and afterwards contradicted himself on cross-examination, was actually made a prisoner before the mutiny, but, strange to say, was released on the occurrence of the outbreak.

Many of these batteries were not further off than fifty to a hundred yards, and told tremendously on our buildings; indeed I have seen, for example, the enemy's cannon knock down pillar after pillar from Captain Anderson's house, till at last the verandah fell in. Mr. Capper, of the civil service, was buried beneath the ruins, but, notwithstanding. the shower of balls which rained upon the spot, was fortunately extricated by one or two soldiers of the 34th, directed and aided by Messrs. Jeoffroy and Barsotelli-one a Frenchman and the other an Italian, both travelers who had been, like myself, overtaken by the times. The proximity of some of these batteries, which the enemy occasionally shifted to other places as soon as ours could be made to play on them, prevented our shells from having the effect which otherwise they would have had; though many of these

Their character may well make them suspected of such treachery. They had both adopted native habits, costumes, and ideas, and always kept aloof from European society. The former was a re-missiles did great execution. tired Company's officer, an Englishman, I here again avail myself of a quotation who for many years had received the pen- from Lady Inglis's Journal:

The rebel garrisons of the houses near the iron bridge and at Ismaegunge were so thunder-struck at seeing our men, that they dared not attack them when they heard the heavy tramp of our gallant soldiers and the rattling of our guns. believe, however, that the shelling from the Residency aided not a little in keeping the road clear.

I

"The first few nights and days were | they had held the most extravagant ideas very miserable. I was ill in bed, poor respecting the impregnability of that Mrs. Case in great grief, and we could not fort,) were very weakly guarding the help feeling our position a most perilous high-roads. one. You must remember that we well knew if the enemy succeeded in overpowering us and storming the place, death in its most horrible form awaited every member of the garrison. I never shall forget the first morning after the siege commenced. The enemy having stopped firing at night, recommenced at daylight, and made an effort to storm the gate. Every man was at his post. We could gain no information as to what was going on, and to our inexperienced ears the cannonading and musketry sounded terrific. We all thought the place would be taken, and tremblingly listened to every sound, when Mrs. Case proposed reading the Litany, and the soothing effect of prayer was marvelous. We felt different beings, and, though still most anxious, could feel we were in the hands of our Heavenly Father, and cast our fears on him. The enemy were completely repulsed that day and many others, when they made similar attacks; but we soon got accustomed to the firing, for it seldom ceased, day or night, and settled ourselves down in our new abode-a small room, which, throughout the siege, has been our dining and sleeping apartment, except for a short time, when we had the use of a large room in the same court."

One of the first victims to the enemy's cannon was Miss Palmer, the daughter of the colonel commanding the 48th-an accomplished young lady, who was, I heard, engaged to be married to a young officer. She was sitting in the upper story of the Residency, when a shell burst close to her, and a piece struck her. Her leg had to be amputated, and she died a few days after.

We still had a few hundred men in Muchee Bhawn; but it was evident that we could not, after the disaster of Chinhutt, hold that place also. Orders were accordingly sent by Sir Henry to blow up the place, and to come within the Residency. Captain Francis, aided by Lieutenant Huxham, his fort adjutant, managed this splendidly. They left in the dead of night, passing through the midst of the hostile pickets along the road, without a shot being fired at them, without losing a man. The enemy, never suspecting such a move on our part, (for

The last cannon had reached with the last man, when a tremendous report shook the earth. The port-fires had burned down, and the Fort Muchee Bhawn was no more! All our ammunition, which we had not had time to remove, and about 258 barrels of gunpowder, and several millions of ball-cartridges, were destroyed, along with all the buildings and their contents. An immense black cloud enveloped even us in the Residency darkness covering a bright starry firmament. The shock resembled an earthquake.

Our accession of strength was very necessary. We had saved all but one man, who, having been intoxicated and concealed in some corner, could not be found when the muster-roll was called. The French say, Il y a un Dieu pour les ivrognes, and the truth of the proverb was never better exemplified than in this man's case. He had been thrown into the air, had returned unhurt to mother earth, continued his drunken sleep again, had awoke next morning, found the fort to his surprise a mass of deserted ruins, and quietly walked back to the Residency, without being molested by a soul; and even bringing with him a pair of bullocks attached to a cart of ammunition. It is very probably that the debris of these extensive buildings must have seriously injured the adjacent houses, and many of the rebel army, thus giving the fortunate man the means of escaping.*

On the 2d of July an event occurred which a few days later cast a gloom over the whole garrison. The good and brave Sir Henry Lawrence, while sitting writing in his room in the second story of the Residency, was struck by a piece of a

* Our men were not a little astonished when they heard him cry, "Arrah by Jasus, open your gates;" and they let him in, convulsed with laughter.

shell which had burst between himself, Mr. Couper, his secretary, and Captain Wilson, the deputy assistant adjutantgeneral, whom it slightly wounded. Only a short time before, another shell had fallen into the same apartment, but had injured neither Sir Henry nor any other occupant of the room. In spite of warnings, he had made no arrangement to leave the place for a better shelter from the enemy's fire. The rebels were apparently perfectly acquainted with all the different apartments, and their occupants and uses, and directed their fire accordingly, especially into the Residency and the various powder-magazines.

Only a very few were made acquainted with the public misfortune which had befallen us. So serious a wound in an old man like Sir Henry, I was certain, would end fatally. His leg had been amputated, and he died on the evening of the 4th of July, almost to the last fully possessed of his senses in the midst of the agonies he suffered. He had nominated Major Banks as his successor. It had not been generally known that our brave old General was dead, for even after he had been buried for some days, the report was circulated that he was getting better. At last, no doubt remained on the minds of any that Sir Henry was indeed no more, and the grief with which this news was received was universal. He had closed a long and noble career, and his death was worthy of his life. He fills the soldier's grave right worthily. No military honors marked our last acts to his corpse. The times were too stern for idle demonstrations of respect. A hurried prayer, amidst the booming of the enemy's cannon and the fire of their musketry, was read over his remains, and he was lowered into a pit with several other, though lowlier, companions in arms. heavy debt of gratitude. Peace be to

his soul!

We owe

him a

Brigadier Inglis, in his report of the 26th September, pays a tribute to the memory of that good man in the following words, which I may safely aver express the thoughts of every one of the garrison:

agony till the morning of the 4th of July,
when he expired, and the government
was thereby deprived, if I may venture to
say so, of the services of a distinguished
statesman and a most gallant soldier.
Few men have ever possessed to the
same extent the power which he enjoyed
of winning the hearts of all those with
whom he came in contact, and thus in-
suring the warmest and most zealous de-
votion for himself and for the government
which he served.
In him, every

good and deserving soldier lost a friend
and a chief capable of discriminating, and
ever on the alert to reward merit, no mat-
ter how humble the sphere in which it
was exhibited."

INCIDENTS OF THE SIEGE.

Brigadier Inglis now assumed the supreme command of our little garrison, but not without some opposition made by Mr. Gubbins, the financial commissioner.

This disagreement between the two personages was, at a time when all our lives were in jeopardy, to say the least of it, very unseemly. Mr. Gubbins, I have heard, had been in the habit of writing to our government, and sending away spies with his letters, who never returned, and who most probably were seized with their dispatches by the enemy, thus revealing to them our positions and difficulties. To this the Brigadier very justly objected, and he even menaced Mr. Gubbins with arrest, if he should ever attempt to dispatch another letter without his consent; alleging that, in time of war, civil authority was at an end; and that the only service he could recognize in him was in shouldering a musket and fighting in the ranks like other civilians and officers. Both maintained they were in the right, but Mr. Gubbins struggled for precedence, and was in the minority. That this dispute existed, and was carried on for some length of time, I am convinced; but as to the details, I write under correction, and merely state the rumors then current in the Residency. Both individually and collectively, most of us deplored this sad disagreement at so critical a period.

"The late lamented Sir H. Lawrence, knowing that his last hour was rapidly approaching, directed me to assume command of the troops, and appointed Major August 6.-What bitter, bitter disapBlanks to succeed him in the office of pointment! We have a solution of yesChief Commissioner. He lingered in great terday's fire in the city, but it is one

soldier passing unexpectedly before me, and receiving the wound through the temples instead; at another I moved off from a place where, in less than the twinkling of an eye afterwards, a musketball stuck in the wall. At another, again, I was covered with dust and pieces of brick by a round-shot that struck the wall not two inches away from me; at another, again, a shell burst a couple of yards away from me, killing an old woman, and wounding a native boy and a native cook, one dangerously, the other slightly; at another, again - but, no; I must stop, for I could never exhaust the catalogue of hair-breadth escapes which every man in the garrison can speak of as well as myself. The wonder is, not that we lose so many men, but that so few of us are hit amidst the constant dangers we are exposed to.

which makes our hearts sink with despair. | enemy's best riflemen, by an unfortunate The enemy are the first to give it us. At some parts of our intrenchments the insurgents are so near that we can hear them talking distinctly. At the schoolhouses and the brigade-mess, almost every night might be heard the sounds of revelry, music, and dancing, in Johannes' house, not twelve yards away from us, and separating us only by a street from the insurgents. At one of these places, or at the Bailey-guard, I do not know which, some of the rebellious Sepoys, having no doubt witnessed our delight, and guessed the cause of our shout and "hurrahs," were not slow in undeceiving us, by taunting us with, "So you think your reinforcements have come do you? Reinforce ments, forsooth! Why, we have beaten them long ago," (this we knew to be a lie,) "and we have crowned our king. The rule of the Feringhees is over, and we'll soon be in your Bailey-guard."

August 17.-Much as usual. The heart aches while watching for relief, but none comes. Will Cawnpore be repeated in Lucknow? Alas! it seems so. Our number is visibly decreasing. Besides how do I know whether I shall escape even before the final catastrophe, which, unless our forces come to our aid, must take place sooner or later? How do I know whether I shall not be knocked over before? That is soon done. A covering to wrap my corpse up in, a dooly borne by sweepers to serve me as a hearse, a shallow hole, a short prayer over it, and half a dozen other dead bodies, and the thing is done, and no one can afterwards tell where my bones are laid. These reflections come frequently enough, but I banish them as quickly as they come. What is the use of thinking?

As for death, it stares one constantly in the face. Not daily, not hourly, but minute after minute, second after second, my life, and every other's, is in jeopardy. Balls fall at our feet, and we continue the conversation without a remark; bullets graze our very hair, and we never speak of them. Narrow escapes are so very common, that even women and children cease to notice them. They are the rule, not the exception. At one time a bullet passed through my hat; at another I escaped being shot dead by one of the

August 31.-A siege is certainly the best school to learn character. People show themselves in their true light, and throw off the mask they wear in society. One's good or bad character becomes apparent at once. Many a kind action here I have seen performed by people whom I had considered harsh and proud; and men with smiling faces, polite, and noted for their obliging disposition, proved themselves selfish in the extreme. They might enjoy delicacies before your face, and, though they knew you to be hungry, would never ask you to partake of them, even if they had more than enough for themselves. People to whom, during the first month of the siege, I had given all sorts of little luxuries, afterwards refused me a handful of flour, a teaspoonful of sugar, or a few leaves of tea, and yet they had stores of all. It was infamous! Self, self, self- how general that feeling was, especially among the rich. And a poor serjeant's wife, or a common soldier, would occasionally give me a something that, though in the every-day course of life one would scarcely say a "thank you for, is now prized above gold, pearls, diamonds, and rubies, of which, apropos, one may have as many as one pleases for a few rupees, for a cigar, a glass of brandy, or a little tobacco.

Selfishness, which proceeds from a disinclination to deprive one's self of some benefit, I can understand; but the dog

in-the-manger style of selfishness is what | strict orders had been given not to leave

I really can not comprehend. Yet even this existed; and I knew people to hoard up luxuries, neither enjoying them them selves, nor allowing others to enjoy them, and being in a perfect agony of mind at seeing others use their kettles, or avail themselves of the services of a domestic. And pride, too, still existed, though I must say most men put it into their pockets. Cowardice was, however, a failing which I saw very conspicuous in only one man, and that man, I am ashamed to confess, was a European. Surliness, too, was not quite uncommon. A siege sours one's temper considerably. One or two officers, whom I shall not name, were like rabid dogs, snapping at whoever addressed them. But the generality could bear scrutiny well enough, and yet not suffer in estimation. There are many good men with us still.

Our authorities had invented a capital way of communicating with the Alumbagh by means of different colored flags, the key having been transmitted by a spy. This superseded the necessity of sending messengers through a hostile country, and we could converse from the terrace of the Residency somewhat in the same way as ships signal to each other, but far less perfectly. And here I would take this opportunity of recommending the advisability of our commanders being furnished with signal-books, like those published by Lloyd's. Hat we had these means of communication during the first siege, what anxiety would have been spared to us!

our respective garrisons, I felt too excited to obey the command, and quietly stole off to the Residency terrace. I could see nothing but smoke, and hear the crack of the musketry. Street-fighting was evidently going on. The fire advanced gradually and steadily towards our intrenchments, and at last a loud shout proclaimed the arrival of the long-expected reïnforcements.

The immense enthusiasm with which they were greeted defies description. As their hurrah and ours rang in my ears, I was nigh bursting with joy. The tears started involuntarily into my eyes, and I felt-no! it is impossible to describe in words that sudden sentiment of relief, that mingled feeling of hope and pleasure that came over me. The criminal condemned to death, and, just when he is about to be launched into eternity, is reprieved and pardoned, or the shipwrecked sailor, whose hold on the wreck is relaxing, and is suddenly rescued, can alone form an adequate idea of our feelings. We felt not only happy, happy beyond imagination, and grateful to that God of merey who, by our noble deliverers, Generals Havelock and Outram, and their gallant troops, had thus snatched us from imminent death; but we also felt proud of the defense we had made, and the success with which, with such fearful odds to contend against, we had preserved, not only our own lives, but the honor and lives of the women and children intrusted to our keeping.

As our deliverers poured in, they continued to greet us with loud hurrahs; and, as each garrison heard it, we sent up one fearful shout to heaven-" Hurrah ;" One of the greatest insults we received first rallying-cry of a despairing host. it was not, "God help us "-it was the at the hands of the enemy was their play- Thank God, we then gazed upon new faces ing, on the opposite banks of the Goom- of our countrymen. We ran up to them, tee, regularly every morning, and some-officers and men without distinction, and times of an evening, all our popular English airs. We listened to the "StandardBearer's March," the "Girl I left behind me," and "See, the Conquering Hero comes," with any but pleasant feelings. The disloyal rascals had even the impudence to finish their music with the loyal hymn, "God save the Queen."

We were now pretty certain that a severe conflict was raging outside. Though

shook them by the hands-how cordially who can describe? The shrill tones of the Highlanders' bagpipes now pierced our ears. Not the most beautiful music ever was more welcome, more joy-bringing. And these brave men themselves, many of them bloody and exhausted, forgot the loss of their comrades, the pain of their wounds, the fatigue of overcoming the fearful obstacles they had combated for our sakes, in the pleasure of having accomplished our relief.