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SECT. X.-PASSAGES OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, IN WHICH THE DIVINE BEING IS CHARACTERISED AS THE GOD AND FATHER OF JESUS CHRIST, AND AS THE GOD AND FATHER OF CHRISTIANS AND OF ALL MANKIND.

(1) The God of Jesus.

1. Matt. xxvii. 46: My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?— Par. Pas. Mark. xv. 34.-See p. 28 for Rev. ii. 7; iii. 2, 12. 2. 1 Cor. xi. 3: The head of every man is Christ, and the head of Christ [is] God. See chap. iii. 23.

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3. Eph. i. 17: That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give unto you the spirit of wisdom and revelation.

4. Heb. i. 9: God, [even] thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.

(2) The Father of Jesus.

5. Matt. vii. 21: Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father who is in heaven.

6. Matt. x. 32, 33; xi. 27; xii. 50; xv. 13; xvi. 17, 27; xviii. 10, 19, 35; xx. 23; xxv. 34; xxvi. 29, 39, 42, 53. Mark viii. 38. Luke ii. 49; x. 22; xxii. 29; xxiv. 49. John ii. 16; v. 17, 18, 43; vi. 32, 65; viii. 19,2* 28, 38, 49, 54; x. 17, 18, 25, 29,2 32, 37; xiv. 2, 7, 12, 20, 21, 23, 28; xv. 1, 8, 10, 15, 23, 24; xvi. 10; xviii. 11. Rev. ii. 27; iii. 5, 21; xiv. 1.

(3) The Father-the Father of Jesus and his Disciples.

7. John vi. 57: As the living Father hath sent me, and I live by the Father; so he that eateth me, even he shall live by me.

8. 1 John iii. 1: Behold what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God!

9. Matt. xi. 25, 26, 27;2 xxiv. 36 (the Father only.- Griesbach); xxxviii. 19. Mark xiii. 32; xiv. 36. Luke ix. 26; x. 21,2 22;2 xi. 2 (see p. 42, No. 23); xxii. 42; xxiii. 34, 46. John i. 14, 18; iii. 35; iv. 21, 23;2 v. 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 36, 37, 45; vi. 37, 44, 45, 46, 57; viii. 16, 18, 27, 29; x. 15,2 30, 36, 38; xi. 41; xii. 26, 27, 28, 49, 50; xiii. 1, 3; xiv. 6, 8, 9,2 10,3 11,2 13, 16, 24, 26, 28, 31;2 xv. 9, 16, 26; xvi. 3, 15, 16, 17, 25, 26, 27, 28,2 32; xvii. 1, 5, 11, 21, 24, 25; xx. 21. Acts i. 4, 7; ii. 33. Rom. vi. 4; viii. 15. Gal. iv. 6. Eph. ii. 18. Col. i. 12. Heb. xii. 9. James i. 17. 1 Pet. i. 17. 1 John i. 2, 3; ii. 1, 13, 15, 24; iv. 14. 2 John 3, 4, 9.

16, 22, 23,

*The small figures 2, 3, denote how often the word Father occurs in the verse after which they are placed.

CHAP. I. SECT. X.] the God and Father of Christ, &c.

(4) Our Father, or our Heavenly Father.

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10. Matt. v. 16: Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven.

11. Matt. v. 45, 48; vi. 1, 4, 6,2 8, 9, 14, 15, 18, 26, 32; vii. 11; x. 20, 29; xiii. 43; xviii. 14; xxiii. 9. Mark xi. 25, 26. Luke vi. 36; xi. 13; xii. 30, 32. 2 Cor. vi. 18.

(5) God our Father, or our God and Father.

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12. 2 Thess. i. 1, 2: Paul unto the church of the Thessalonians in God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ; grace unto you, and peace, from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.

13. Rom. i. 7. 1 Cor. i. 3. 2 Cor. i. 2. Gal. i. 4. Eph. i. 2. Phil. i. 2; iv. 20. Col. i. 2. 1 Thess. i. 1, 3; iii. 11, 13. 2 Thess. ii. 16. 1 Tim. i. 2. Philem. 3.

(6) God the Father, God and the Father, or God even the Father. 14. John vi. 27: Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but for that meat which endureth unto everlasting life, which the Son of man shall give unto you; for him hath God, the Father, sealed.

15. James i. 27: Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, To visit the fatherless and widows, &c.

God and (i.e. who is) the Father.-Whitby's Com. [our] God and Father.-Wakefield, Imp. Ver.
God, even the Father.-Bible 1596–7, S. Clarke, Doddridge, Macknight, &c.

16. 1 Cor. viii. 6;

xv. 24. Gal. i. 1, 3. Eph. v. 20; vi. 23. Phil. ii. 11. Col. iii. 17. 1 Thess. i. 1. 2 Tim. i. 2. Titus i. 4. James iii. 9. 1 Pet. i. 2. 2 Pet. i. 17. 2 John 3. Jude 1.

(7) The God and Father of Jesus, and of all Mankind.

17. John xx. 17: Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and [to] my God, and your God. 18. 2 Cor. xi. 31: The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who is blessed for evermore, knoweth that I lie not. See Rom. xv. 6. 2 Cor. i. 3. Eph. i. 3. Col. i. 3. 1 Pet. i. 3. Rev. i. 6.

19. Eph. iii. 14, 15: For this cause I bow myself unto the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, of whom the whole family in heaven and earth is named. Belsham says, that on the authority of the Alexandrine and Ephrem MSS. and some ancient versions, he omits the words "of our Lord Jesus Christ." See Dr. A. Clarke.

20. Eph. iv. 6: One God and Father of all, who [is] above all, and through all, and in you all.* in all. Belsham. in us all.-Griesbach.

*To the passages in this Section might have been added those in which Christ, his disciples, and other beings, are called the Sons, or Children of God; an expression which implies the supremacy of the universal Father: but these texts we shall have occasion to collect in another place of the Work.

OBSERVATIONS ON SECT. X.

We think that no man, unshackled by prejudice, fashion, or self-interest, could peruse the numerous portions of Scripture which we have quoted or referred to in this Section, without being irresistibly impelled to adopt the Unitarian faith, expressed by St. Paul with such beautiful precision To US THERE IS ONE God, the FATHER.”

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It is, indeed, alleged by orthodox writers, that the appellation Father is sometimes in the Scriptures employed as a designation of the "everblessed Trinity." But what authority is there for such an hypothesis? In what passage of the Bible is it declared, that this name sometimes denotes three persons? Does Jesus or his apostles give any countenance to such an application of the word? Do they not, rather, uniformly restrict it to one God, or one divine Person, by connecting it with pronouns and verbs in the singular number? Do they not always ascribe the parental character to the God of the Jews-the Creator of heaven and earth-to Him who sanctified and sent his Son to be the Saviour of the world, and who invested his Messenger with all the power and authority which were necessary to qualify him for accomplishing the salvation of mankind?

We ask our opponents to point out one passage of the New Testament, in which the word Father is unequivocally applied to the Son* or the Holy Ghost-we ask only for one passage, from the whole compass of the Sacred Writings, in which other two persons besides the Father of Christ, are denominated God the Son and God the Holy Ghost. The Unitarian, as already evinced, can produce an immense number of texts, wherein the name Father must be restricted to one divine person or being: is it unreasonable to request the Trinitarian to cite only one passage in which the same word is applied to three divine persons? The Unitarian feels no difficulty in giving Scriptural authority for the use of the expression God, the Father: is it unfair to require the Trinitarian to assign the same authority for his employment of the appellations God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost?

As it is impossible to answer these interrogatories in conformity with the principles of reputed orthodoxy, we may justly conclude, that the strict Unity of the Almighty, and the absolute Supremacy of the same being, expressively styled THE ONE GOD AND FATHER OF ALL, is a doctrine not only declared by Moses and the Prophets, but inculcated in the strongest terms by Jesus Christ and the Apostles.

* We have said-the New Testament, because Isa. ix. 6 is considered by most commentators to be a prophecy of our Saviour. Dr. Lowth's translation of this passage however, is, we believe, generally admitted by Trinitarians; and it will hardly be contended that "the father of the everlasting age" is an expression indicating the nature of the being so called.-For different translations of the original, see page referred to in the "Index of Texts."

SECT. XI.-PASSAGES OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, EVINCING THE FATHER TO BE THE ONLY PROPER OBJECT OF RELIGIOUS WORSHIP.

(1) Christ prayed to the Father only.

1. Luke x. 21: Jesus rejoiced in spirit, and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes. Even so, Father, for so it seemed good in thy sight.-Par. Pas. Matt. xi. 25, 26. I adore thee, O Father.-Campbell. I praise thee, &c.—Imp. Ver. 2. John xi. 41, 42: Jesus lifted up [his] eyes, and said, Father, I thank thee that thou hast heard me. And I knew that thou hearest me always; but because of the people who stand by, I said [it], that they may believe that thou hast sent me.

3. John xii. 27, 28: Now is my soul troubled; and what shall I say? Father, save me from this hour: but for this cause came I unto this hour. Father, glorify thy name, &c.

4. John xiv. 16, 17: And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever; [even] the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, &c.

5. John xvii. 1, to the end: These words spake Jesus, and lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, Father, the hour is come: glorify thy Son, that thy Son also may glorify thee. And this is life eternal,

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that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent, &c.

6. Matt. xxvi. 39-44: And he went a little farther, and fell on his face, and prayed, saying, O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless, not as I will, but as thou [wilt]. ... He went away again the second time, and prayed, saying, O my Father, if this cup may not pass from me, except I drink it, thy will be done. ... And he left them, and went away again, and prayed the third time, saying the same words.-Par. Pas. Mark xiv. 35-39. Luke xxii. 41-45.

7. Matt. xxvi. 53: Thinkest thou that I cannot now pray to my Father, and he shall presently give me more than twelve legions of angels? 8. Luke xxiii. 34: Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do.

9. Matt. xxvii. 46: And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?——— Par. Pas. Mark xv. 34.

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10. Luke xxiii. 46: When Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit. And having said thus, he gave up the ghost.

In the following passages it is not stated, that he whom Christ addressed in prayer and thanksgiving was the Father. But as all his addresses to the Deity that are related by the evangelists, were uniformly directed to "the one God, the Father," we have not the slightest hesitation in believing that those which are not recorded were presented to the same beneficent Source of intelligence and power.

11. Luke vi. 12: He [Jesus] went out into a mountain to pray, and CONTINUED ALL NIGHT IN PRAYER TO GOD.-See Matt. xiv. 23. Mark i. 35; vi. 46. Luke iii. 21; v. 16; ix. 18, 28, 29; xi. 1; xxii. 31, 32.

12. Matt. xv. 36: And he [Jesus] took the seven loaves and the fishes, and gave thanks, &c.-See Matt. xiv. 19; xxvi. 26, 27. Mark vi. 41; viii. 6, 7; xiv. 22, 23. Luke xxii. 17, 19; xxiv. 30. John vi. 11, 23. 1 Cor. xi. 23, 24.

13. Matt. xxvi. 30: And when they had sung a hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives.Par. Pas. Mark xiv. 26.

14. Heb. ii. 12: I will declare thy name unto my brethren; in the midst of the church will I sing praise unto thee.

15. Heb. v. 7, 8: Who [Christ] in the days of his flesh, when he had of

fered up prayers and supplications, with strong crying and tears, UNTO HIM THAT WAS ABLE TO SAVE HIM from death, and was heard in that he feared: though he were a Son, yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered.

and was heard for his piety, &c.

and was heard for his godly reverence, &c.

and was heard: yet though he were a Son, from his pious reverence did

he learn obedience under his sufferings

and being delivered from his distress, &c.

il faut exaucé et [déliveré] de sa crainte, &c.

liberatus tandem esse dicitur a solicitudine animi, &c.

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Marg. Trans.; Haynes.
Imp. Ver.

Wakefield.
Smith.

Le Clerc, Gen. 1802.
Schleusner.

16. Heb. vii. 25: Wherefore he [Jesus] is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession* for them.-See Rom. viii. 34.

*

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'EVTUYXάVEIV ÜTÈG TIòs signifies, in a forensic sense, to manage and recommend the cause of another; or, simply, to intercede, to do something for the advantage of another, to assist or bring help.-Schleusner.

The word EVTUYxava is of very general import. It signifies interposing in any way, either for or against another. It is applied to Christ only twice in the New Testament, here and Rom. viii. 34. There is no reason to limit the sense to intercession, or praying for or against another. "The perpetual intercession of Christ here noted," says Mr. Lindsey, " may, perhaps, be the continual operation and effect of his miracles and doctrine in the world, by which men are brought to believe in God by him, and to be saved." Perhaps it may mean that Christ, in his exalted state, is exerting his powers, in some unknown way, for the benefit of his church.— Eds. of Imp. Ver. ; note on Heb. vii. 25.

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