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VIII.-CHARLES.

1. THE next day, in the afternoon, the king, attended only by his own guard, and some few gentlemen who put themselves into their company in the way, came to the house of commons; and commanding all his attendants to wait at the door, and to give offence to no man, himself, with his nephew, the prince elector, went into the house, to the great amazement of all. 2. The speaker leaving the chair, the king went into it; and told the house, 'he was sorry for that occasion of coming to them; that yesterday he had sent a sergeant-at-arms to apprehend some that, by his command, were accused of high treason; whereunto he expected obedience, but instead thereof he had received a message. 3. He declared to them, that no king of England had been ever, or should be, more careful to maintain their privileges, than he would be; but that in cases of treason no man had privilege; and therefore he came to see if any of those persons whom he had accused were there. 4. For he was resolved to have them, wheresoever he should find them.' Then looking about, and asking the speaker whether they were in the house, and he making no answer, he said, 'he perceived the birds were all flown, but expected they should be sent to him as soon as they returned thither; and assured them in the word of a king, that he never intended any force, but would proceed against them in a fair and legal way' and so returned to Whitehall.

1. The next day in the afternoon, the 'king, attended only by his own guard, and some few gentlemen who put themselves into their company in the way, came to the house of commons; and commanding all his attendants to wait at the door, and to give offence to no man, himself, with his nephew, the prince elector, went into the house, to the great amazement of them all.

The main structure is absolutely simple, and offers no difficulty, except the very last clause: for, as the last action. is 'went into the house,' the 'amazement' really describes not what the king did, but what the effect of his action was on the others. It is better, therefore, to reserve this for the next sentence. 'Attended' will be active, genitive absolute, 'the guard attending.' The 'house of commons' is éκκλnoía. Give offencelis λυπεῖν, or [μηδὲν] ἀηδὲς, or λυπηρὸν δρᾶσαι. 'The prince elector' is merely a title, and of course has nothing at all corresponding to it in Greek: it is a matter of taste whether we insert some Greek word suggesting a foreign title, like σатρáñas, or whether we omit it altogether: as the passage is written for the sake of style, and not for the instruction of Greek readers, I should prefer to omit it. In any case it is a minor question.

τῇ δὲ ὑστεραίᾳ μετὰ μεσημβρίαν ὁ βασιλεύς, οὐδενὸς ἐπομένου πλὴν τῶν φυλάκων ἢ εἴ τις ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ συνεγένετο, ἐς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἦλθεν· εἰπὼν δὲ πᾶσι τοῖς περὶ ἑαυτὸν ἔξω περιμεῖναι, μηδὲ ἀηδὲς μηδὲν δρᾶν μηδενί, αὐτὸς μετὰ τοῦ υἱδοῦς ἐσῄει· πάντων δὲ θαυμαζόντων, etc.

Note the common idiom eű rɩs év tŷ ódŵ, etc., for 'some few who met, etc. Also the repeated negatives, μηδὲ . . . μηδὲν . . . μηδενί.

2. The speaker leaving the chair, the king went into it; and told the house, 'he was sorry for that occasion of coming to them; that yesterday he had sent a sergeant-at-arms to apprehend some that, by his command, were accused of high treason; whereunto he had expected obedience, but instead thereof he had received a message.'

The king is obviously the main subject all through this

piece, and indeed to the end of the whole passage; accordingly, the first clause must be made subordinate, with genitive absolute or conjunction. The chief difficulty is in the last two clauses, where the sneer conveyed in the antithesis between the words 'expected obedience' and 'received a message must be rather more clearly brought out in the Greek. It will be enough if we say 'So far from obeying, they had ventured to reply.' Another slight difficulty is in the phrase, 'sorry for that occasion of coming to them': if we translate it literally, we somehow lose the force: the reason is that the king means mildly to rebuke them, by saying that he did not want to come to them, but he was forced; and this must be brought out. The chair' may be the 'platform,' Bμa. Sergeant-at-arms' may be úπηρéτns. 'High treason is perhaps eiẞovλevel. In the rest there is nothing to stop

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The whole will then be: ἐπεὶ ὁ ἐπιστάτης παρεχώρησεν αὐτῷ τοῦ βήματος, ἀναβὰς ἐκεῖνος οὐκ ἂν ἔφη βούλεσθαι οὕτω παρελθεῖν, ἀλλ ̓ ἀνάγκην εἶναι, ἐπεὶ τῇ μὲν προτεραίᾳ ἄγγελον ἔπεμψεν ὥστε τῶν ἐκεῖθέν τινας ξυλλαβεῖν, οὓς αὐτὸς ὡς ἐπιβουλεύοντας ᾐτιᾶτο· τοὺς δὲ οὐχ ὅτι πιθέσθαι, ὥστερ ἠξίου, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀντειπεῖν τι τολμῆσαι.

Note (1) the technical word étɩσtáτηs, president of the ẻkêλŋoía;— (2) the order of οὐκ ἂν ἔφη βούλεσθαι ;-(3) the phrase οὐχ ὅτι for 'so far from';-(4) the tenses of the words riâto, ǹ§íov.

3. He declared to them, that no king of England had been ever, or should be, more careful to maintain their privileges, than he would be; but that in cases of treason no man had privileges; and therefore he came to see if any of those persons whom he had accused were there.'

The clearness of this sentence is much improved if we put the important word 'privileges' well to the front: 'as to their privileges, no man,' etc. The abstract in cases of treason' must of course be made personal, 'to persons plotting.' The

rest of the points only concern wording and arrangement, and there is nothing special to note.

The Greek will be something of this sort: kai yàp oσa μὲν γέρα ἔχουσιν, οὐδένα ἑαυτοῦ οὔτε τῶν πρότερον βασιλέων ἐπιμελέστερον φυλάσσειν, οὔτε τῶν ἔπειτα μέλλειν. ἐπιβουλεύουσι δὲ οὐδὲν ὑπάρχειν τοιοῦτον. ὥστε ζητήσων ἥκειν οἷς ἐνεκάλει εἴ τις πάρεστιν.

Note the convenient тOLOÛToy, to save repetition.

4. For he was resolved to have them, wherever he should find them.' Then looking about, and asking the speaker whether they were in the house, and he making no answer, he said, he perceived the birds were all flown, but expected they should be sent to him as soon as they returned thither; and assured them in the word of a king, that he never intended any force, but would proceed against them in a fair and legal manner;' and so returned to Whitehall.

In the first clause it is a little more idiomatic to put the relative section, 'wherever he should find them,' first, as so often is the case. In the next sentence, the proverbial phrase, 'the birds flown,' must of course be done simply, 'all gone.' 'Expected they should be sent' is a good example of one of those minor differences of idiom which make such an important difference to the goodness or badness of composition. The point is this: in English, after a verb of ordering, we generally use the passive construction: 'bade the house be pulled down,' 'ordered the gold to be taken away'; or, as here, 'expected the men to be sent': in Greek, the construction is nearly always active: the servant or official who does the actual deed, being unimportant, is omitted in both languages: but the Greeks say, 'bade pull down the house': 'ordered to take away the gold': 'expected to send to him.' 'On the word of a king,' being an idiom, turn it any convenient way: 'with a royal oath,' 'as being a king,' or, better, if a king was to be believed,' which gives the meaning most fully and clearly. Any force' will be adjective, Bíacov; 'fair and

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legal way' will be naturally adverbs. Lastly, 'Whitehall' may be simply homewards, οἴκαδε.

The whole will then be: ὅπου γὰρ ἂν εὕρῃ ξυλλαβεῖν βεβουλεῦσθαι. ταῦτα δὲ εἰπὼν καὶ ἅμα περιβλέψας τὸν ἐπιστάτην ἐπήρετο εἰ πάρεισιν· σιωπῶντος δὲ τούτου ἠσθῆσθαι ἔφη πάντας οἰχομένους, ἀξιοῦν δὲ ἐπειδὰν ἥκωσι πρὸς ἑαυτὸν πέμψαι· ἀπομνύναι γάρ, εἰ βασιλεῖ δεῖ πιστεύειν, μηδὲν βίαιον μηδέποτε βουλεῦσαι, ἀλλὰ πάντα ἐννόμως καὶ δικαίως πράξειν. τοσαῦτα δὲ λέξας οἴκαδε ἀπῆλθεν.

Note ἀπομνύναι, ' to swear a negative.

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