be sufficient to say ἧς δεῖ. Again, in the last sentence, 'we care for nothing but' is a little less precise than it would be in Greek: we should say 'all else is of no value compared with,' we count of highest importance to get.' Again, the qualities 'honesty, industry,' etc., will be done by adjectives.

The sentence will then be: οὕτω γὰρ δούλους ὠνούμενοι, ἐὰν μὲν τέκτονα ἢ ὑφαντὴν ζητῶμεν, οὐδὲ τὸν δικαιότατον ἂν πριαίμεθα, τῆς τέχνης ἧς δεῖ μὴ ἔμπειρον ὄντα· ἐὰν δὲ ποιμένα ἢ ταμίαν, τἄλλα πάντα παρ ̓ οὐδὲν ποιούμεθα πρὸς τὸ πιστὸν ἄνδρα καὶ ἐπιμελῆ καὶ φιλόπονον κτήσασθαι.

Note: we say παρ' οὐδέν ποιεῖσθαι, but περὶ πολλοῦ, περὶ πλείονος, περὶ πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι.

7. So Rome chooses her magistrates to be stewards of the state : if they have any accomplishments besides, she is quite willing it should be so: but if not, she is satisfied that they should be men of worth and high character.

This being rhetoric, we may use the abstract 'the city,' a thing which in narrative we should not do, but say the citizens.' In the rest there is hardly anything which we have not already had.

The last sentence will then run: ὡσαύτως δὲ τοὺς ἄρχοντας ἡ πόλις αἱρεῖται ὥστε τοῦ κοινοῦ ταμίας εἶναι, καὶ ἐὰν μὲν ἄλλην τινὰ ἐπιστήμην ἔχωσιν, ἀγαπᾷ, ἐὰν δὲ μή, ἀρκεῖ γοῦν ἐπιεικεῖς καὶ δικαίους αἱρεθῆναι.

Note (1) the particles ὡσαύτως, μέν, δέ, and γοῦν ;—(2) ὥστε, used, as it frequently is, of the contemplated consequence, and so almost final;-(3) the more idiomatic repetition in Greek of the main idea αἱρεθῆναι, where in English we say they should be, meaning the men who are chosen should be.

XII-COBDEN—(Bright).

1. I REMEMBER the time well. The sufferings throughout the country were fearful, and you who live now, but were not of an age to observe what was passing in the country then, can have no idea of the state of your country in that year. 2. At that time when he called upon me I was in the depths of grief, I might almost say despair; for the light and sunshine of my house had been extinguished. All that was left of my young wife, except the memory of a sainted life and of a too brief happiness, was lying still and cold in the chamber above us. 3. He called upon me as his friend, and addressed me, as you might suppose, with words of condolence. After a time he looked up and said, 'There are thousands of houses at this moment in the country where wives, mothers, and children are dying of hunger. 4. Now, when the first paroxysm of your grief is past, I would advise you to come with me and we will never rest till this cruel law is repealed.' 5. I accepted his invitation. I knew that the description he had given of the homes of thousands was not an exaggerated description. I felt in my conscience there was a work which somebody must do, and therefore I accepted his invitation, and from that time we never ceased to labour hard on the behalf of the resolution we had made.

G

1. I remember the time well. The sufferings throughout the country were fearful: and you who live now, but were not of an age to observe what was passing in the country then, can have no idea of the state of your country in that

year.

The difficulty in this beautiful passage (from Mr. Bright's account of the beginnings of his labours in the work of agitating against the Corn Laws) is to give the feeling. The style has to be quite simple and unadorned like the English: the touches of poetic expression must not be omitted, or the effect will be lost: but they must be used with extreme care, or the Greek will seem turgid and artificial, which will be worse than anything.

In the first sentence the main difficulty is with the word country, which is no less than three times repeated this is, even in the English, plain almost to baldness, and in Greek would hardly be tolerable. Once we have noticed it, it is not difficult to avoid (in translating) the repetition. Again, the simple phrase 'you who live now 'can hardly be done literally the antithesis would be false, because they were living then as well as now: and Greek is very careful to avoid such blemishes. We will translate by the sense, and say, 'who now are men, but then were children.' The rest is easy, and the first sentence will then run: καὶ ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρὸν εὖ μέμνημαι· πάντες γὰρ οἱ ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ οὕτῳ δεινὰ ἐταλαι πωροῦντο ὥστε μηδ' ἂν εἰκάζειν δύνασθαι τοὺς νῦν μὲν ἄνδρας γενομένους τότε δὲ παῖδας ὄντας οὐδ ̓ ἱκανοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐνθυμεῖσθαι.

Note: The negative in the last clause, if it came close to the Tous, would naturally be the generic μn, but it is so far off that in the phrase children, and not capable,' Greek would naturally revert to οὐδέ.

.

2. At that time when he called upon me, I was in the depths of grief, I might almost say despair: for the light and sunshine of my house had been extinguished. All that was left of my young wife, except the memory of a sainted life and of a too brief happiness, was lying still and cold in the chamber above us.

We might begin 'I myself too was,' etc., a sort of natural bringing into connection of the general misery and the special personal unhappiness; which, though a little more artificial than would be adopted in the narrative style, is simple enough in reality, and quite appropriate in the style of the orators. The real difficulties begin with the metaphor 'light and sunshine,' which we cannot omit altogether, as it forms the main point of the sentence: but we must soften it considerably, to prevent it being too startlingly poetical. The best way is to convert the metaphor into a simile, and wedge it well into the middle of the clause: 'for out of my house, as it were, light and the sun had been quenched.' The exceedingly beautiful and carefully written sentence that follows is the hardest of all to do satisfactorily. Perhaps the best thing to do is to put the plain fact first: 'my young wife was lying above dead': and then to add the more imaginative part, softened down as much as possible without spoiling it. In this sort of case one must proceed with the greatest caution, and even then tastes will differ materially as to the result. I should suggest something of the following kind: ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ αὐτός, ὅτε ὡς ἐμὲ προσῆλθεν, ἐν πένθει ὢν ἔτυχον καὶ ὡς εἰπεῖν ἀμηχανῶν· νεωστὶ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας ὥσπερ φῶς μοι καὶ ἥλιος ἀπέσβη. νεκρὰ γὰρ ἄνω ἔκειτο ἡ νέα γυνή, οὐδὲ λοιπόν μοι οὐδὲν ἦν παραμύθιον πλὴν τὴν ἐκείνης θείαν τινὰ ἀρετήν μνημο νεύειν, καὶ τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ εὐδαιμονίαν ὡς θᾶσσον δὴ ἀπώλετο.

In any case eîos gives as near a translation as we can want for the English word 'sainted' and 'still and cold' is too exalted an expression for Greek prose: we must reduce the tone of it, if the phrase may be permitted.

3. He called upon me as his friend, and addressed me, as you might suppose, with words of condolence. After a time he looked up and said: "There are thousands of houses at this moment in the country where wives, mothers, and children are dying of hunger.'

I should suggest that it would be well to connect by beginning with οὕτως οὖν ἔχοντα, while I was in this state': also to prepare for 'after a time,' by inserting in the first clause the word τέως. ‘As you might suppose is best done by οἷον εἰκός. In the last clause there is nothing much to notice, except that, as the speaker had lost his wife (and that is the real connection of thought), it is clearer in Greek to bring out this by saying 'not only wives, but also mothers.'

The whole will then be as follows: οὕτως οὖν ἔχοντα πρὸς ἐμὲ ὡς φίλος ὢν ἐκεῖνος προσελθὼν τέως μὲν οἷον εἰκὸς παρεμυθεῖτο· τέλος δὲ ἀναβλέψας μυρίας ἔφη οἰκίας εἶναι ἐν τῇ γῇ οὗπερ λιμῷ ἀπόλλυνται οὐ γυναῖκες μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ μητέρες καὶ παιδία.

4. Now, when the first paroxysm of your grief is past, I would advise you to come with me, and we will never rest till this cruel law is repealed.'

For

The oratio obliqua should naturally be continued. 'first paroxysm,' we may perhaps say, 'now, when my grief becomes mellow,' using the idiomatic but rather poetical word πέπων. For the idiomatic ‘never rest, use πάσῃ μηχανῇ, οι πάντα πράσσειν. For cruel, which is rather too personifying a word, we had better say χαλεπός. We shall then have: πείθειν οὖν, ἐπειδὰν θρηνήσαντί μοι πέπων γένηται ἡ λυπή, ἑαυτῷ ξυγγενόμενον πάντα πράσσειν ὅπως τὸν χαλεπὸν τοῦτον νόμον ἀναιρήσομεν.