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Unfortunately there are no monuments whereby we can correct or modify these figures. The Hyksos appear to

have made their way from the countries in and to the west of Mesopotamia into Egypt. They joined with their countrymen, who had already settled in the Delta, and were able to defeat the native kings; it is thought that their rule lasted 500 years, and that Joseph arrived in Egypt towards the end of this period. The principal Hyksos kings of the XVIth dynasty are Apepi I. and Apepi II.; Nubti and the native Egyptian princes ruled under them. Under Se-qenen-Rā, a Theban ruler of the XVIIth dynasty, a war broke out between the Egyptians and the Hyksos, which continued for many years, and resulted in the expulsion of the foreign rulers.

B.C.

Dynasty XVIII, from Thebes.

1700. Aḥmes, who re-established the independence of

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1600.

Ḥat-shepset, sister of Thothmes II. She sent an expedition to Punt.

Teḥuti-mes (Thothmes) III. made victorious expeditions into Mesopotamia. He was one of the greatest kings that ever ruled over Egypt. 1566. Amen-hetep II.

1533. Teḥuti-mes IV.

1500. Åmen-hetep III. warred successfully in the lands to the south of Egypt and in Asia. He made it a custom to go into Mesopotamia to shoot lions, and, while there he married the daughter of Tushratta, the king of Mitanni. The correspondence and despatches from kings of Babylon, Mesopotamia, and Phoenicia have recently been found at Tell

B. C.

el-Amarna, and large portions of them are now preserved in the Museums of London and Berlin. Amen-hetep IV. or Chu-en-Åten ("brilliance, or glory of the solar disk"), the founder of the city Chuåten, the ruins of which are called Tell el-Amarna, and of the heresy of the disk-worshippers. He was succeeded by a few kings who held the same religious opinions as himself.

Dynasty XIX, from Thebes.

1400. Rameses I.

1366. Seti I. conquered the rebellious tribes in Western Asia, built the Memnonium at Abydos. He was famous as a builder, and attended with great care to the material welfare of his kingdom. He is said to have built a canal from the Nile to the Red Sea.

1333. Rameses II. undertook many warlike expeditions, and brought Nubia, Abyssinia, and Mesopotamia under the rule of Egypt. He was a great builder, and a liberal patron of the arts and sciences; learned men like Pentaurt were attached to his court.

He

is famous as one of the oppressors of the Israelites.

1300. Seti Meneptaḥ II. is thought to have been the Pharaoh of the Exodus.

NEW EMPIRE.

Dynasty XX, from Thebes.

1200. Rameses III. was famous for his buildings, and for

the splendid gifts which he made to the temples of Thebes, Abydos and Heliopolis. His reign represented an era of great commercial prosperity.

1166-1133. Rameses IV.-XII.

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Dynasty XXII, from Bubastis (Tell-Basta).

966. Shashanq (Shishak) I. (see 1 Kings, xiv. 25-28; 2 Chron., xii. 2-13) besieged Jerusalem.

933. Uasarken I. 900. Takeleth I.

866. Uasarken II. 833. Shashanq II. Takeleth II. Shashanq III.

800. Pamai

Shashanq IV.

766. Peṭā-Bast.

These kings appear to have been of Semitic origin; their names are Semitic, as, for example, Uasarken = Babylonian Sarginu (Sargon); Takeleth = Tukulti (Tiglath).

Dynasty XXIII, from Tanis.

Uasarken III.

Dynasty XXIV, from Saïs (Sâ el-Ḥager).

733. Bak-en-ren-f (Bocchoris).

Dynasty XXV, from Ethiopia.

700. Shabaka (Sabaco).

Shabataka.

693. Taharqa (Tirhakah, 2 Kings, xix. 9) is famous for having conquered Sennacherib and delivered Hezekiah; he was, however, defeated by Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal, the son and grandson respectively of Sennacherib. Tirhakah's son-in-law, Urdamanah, was also defeated by the Assyrians.

B.C.

Dynasty XXVI, from Saïs.

666. Psemthek I. (Psammetichus) allowed Greeks to settle in the Delta, and employed Greek soldiers to fight for him.

612. Nekau II. (Necho) defeated Josiah, king of Judah, and was defeated by Nebuchadnezzar II. son of Nabopolassar, king of Babylon.

596. Psammetichus II.

591. Uaḥ-ab-Rā (Hophrah of the Bible, Gr. Apries) marched to the help of Zedekiah, king of Judah, who was defeated by Nebuchadnezzar II. His army rebelled against him, and he was dethroned; Amāsis, a general in his army, then succeeded to the throne.

572. Åḥmes II. favoured the Greeks, and granted them many privileges; in his reign Naucratis became a great city.

528. Psammetichus III. was defeated at Pelusium by Cambyses the Persian, and taken prisoner; he was afterwards slain for rebelling against the Persians.

Dynasty XXVII, from Persia.

527. Cambyses marched against the Ethiopians and the inhabitants of the Oases.

521. Darius Hystaspes endeavoured to open up the ancient routes of commerce; he established a coinage, and adopted a conciliatory and tolerant system of government, and favoured all attempts to promote the welfare of Egypt.

486. Xerxes I.

465. Artaxerxes I., during whose reign the Egyptians revolted, headed by Amyrtæus.

B. C.

425. Darius Nothus, during whose reign the Egyptians

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revolted successfully, and a second Amyrtæus became king of Egypt.

405. Artaxerxes II.

Dynasty XXVIII, from Saïs.

Åmen-rut (Amyrtæus), reigned six years.

Dynasty XXIX, from Mendes.

399. Naifaauruț I..

393. Hakar.

380. P-se-mut.

379. Naifaaurut II.

Dynasty XXX, from Sebennytus.

378. Necht-Heru-heb (Nectanebus I.) defeated the Persians at Mendes.

360. T'e-her surrendered to the Persians..

358. Necht-neb-f (Nectanebus II.) devoted himself to the pursuit of magic, and neglected his empire; when Artaxerxes III. (Ochus) marched against him, he fled from his kingdom, and the Persians again ruled Egypt.

PERSIANS.

340. Artaxerxes III. (Ochus)..

338. Arses.

336. Darius III. (Codomannus) conquered by Alexander the Great at Issus.

MACEDONIANS.

332. Alexander the Great founded Alexandria. He showed his toleration of the Egyptian religion, by sacrificing to the god Amen of Libya.

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