HOLMES, G. F., First Lessons in English Grammar. N. Y., 1883. "Grammar explains the proper use of language."

MAETZNER, E., Englische Grammatik. Berlin, 1880.

"Die Grammatik oder Sprachlehre handelt von den Gesetzen der

Rede und zunächst von dem Worte, als Grundbestandteil derselben, in Beziehung auf seinen Stoff und seine Form, in der Laut- und Formenlehre, alsdann von der l'erbindung der Wörter in der Rede, in der Lehre von der Wort- und Satzfuegung."

MAETZNER, E., An English Grammar; translated by C. J. Grece. London, 1874.

"Grammar, or the doctrine of language, treats of the laws of speech, and, in the first place, of the Word, as its fundamental constituent, with respect to its matter and its form, in prosody, or the doctrine of sounds, and morphology, or the doctrine of forms, and then of the combination of words in speech, in syntax, or the doctrine of the joining of words and sentences."

MASON, C. P., A Shorter English Grammar. London, 1879; and English Grammar including Grammatical Analysis. London, 1884. “Grammar (from the Greek gramma, 'letter') is the science that treats of speech or language. English Grammar is that portion of the general science which treats of the speech of the English people."

COOTE, C., Elements of the

Grammar of the English Language. 1787. London, 1788.

"Words, being the component parts of language, are the subject of grammar, which, in its strict import, signifies the art of expressing our thoughts in writing, though, in its general acceptation, it is applied to the proper expression of our ideas by words either in writing or speaking."

COBBETT, W., A Grammar of the English Language. London, 1831. "Grammar teaches us how to make use of words .

to choose the words which ought to be employed, and to place them where they ought to be placed. . .

"Grammar is the art of speaking or writing a language correctly." MORELL, J. D., A Grammar of the English Language. N. Y.,

1873.

"The study of Language, for the purpose of showing the laws and principles by which it is guided, forms a science, which we call Grammar."

SMART, B. H., The Principles of English Grammar. London, 1850.

"Grammar is the knowledge of the proper forms of language, anl the manner of putting them together in the construction of other forms."

HENDERSON, Th., A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Philadelphia, 1859.

"English Grammar explains the correct method of using the English Language."

ABBOTT, E. A., How to Parse. Boston, 1878.

'a

Etymological Glossary of Grammatical Terms: "Grammar (Gr. gramma, letter,' Fr. gramThe science of letters; maire). hence, the science of using words correctly."

THRING, E., On the Principles of Grammar. Oxford, 1868. "Grammar means the rules which are discovered by common sense applied to language."

WHITE, F. A., English Grammar. London, 1882.

"Grammar (from grapho, I write) is the art of speaking and writing a language with propriety."

UNKNOWN AUTHOR, Grammar of the English Tongue, with Notes. For the Use of the Schools of Great Britain and Ireland. London, 1712.

"Grammar do's all the Art and Kwnoledge teach,

According to the Use of every Speech,

How we our Thoughts most justly may express

In Words, together join'd, in Sentences."

MORRIS, R., Historical Outlines of English Accidence.

1877.

London,

craeft or Letter-craft, is the knowledge or skill of a speech."

WEISSE, J. A., Origin, Progress, and Destiny of the English Language and Literature. N. Y.,

1879.

"Grammar is but the ultimatum of a progressed language; it is to language what fruit is to the tree, which has to grow, bud, and flower, before you can expect fruit."

TWEED, B. F., Grammar for Common Schools. Boston, 1886. "In the study of grammar, language becomes the object of study and investigation."

RIVINGTON'S Summary of English Grammar. London, 1885. "Grammar is the science treating of language."

VAUGHN, J. F., English Grammar, Revolutionized and Simplified. La Fayette, Ind., 1883.

"English Grammar is the science

which treats of the classification and the properties of the words of the English language, their usage and relation to one another in expressions of thought."

PATTERSON, C., Advanced Grammar and Elements of Rhetoric. N. Y., 1887.

"Grammar teaches the laws of language, and the right method of using it in speaking and writing."

SOUTHWORTH, G. A., and GODDARD, F. B., Our Language, its Use, and Structure. Boston, 1887. "Grammar shows how words are made. how their forms

are

changed, and how they are put together in sentences according to their kinds."

BUCKHAM, H. B., The Analysis of Sentences. N. Y., 1881.

"Grammar investigates a language, as it already exists, in its approved spoken and written forms. It may be defined, in general, as the science of language."

LYTE, E. O., Grammar and Composition for Common Schools. N. Y., 1886.

"Grammar is the science that treats of the relations and forms of words and sentences, as used in the correct expression of thought."

BAIN, A., English Grammar as bearing upon Composition. N. Y.,

1874.

ex

"Although we might be pected at the outset to define the scope or province of the subject itself, we are precluded from doing so by the neglect of Grammarians to observe a clear line of distinction between Grammar and the allied departments Philology on the one hand, and Rhetoric on the other."

ALLEN, A., and CORNWELL, J., An English School Grammar. London, 1888.

"Grammar is the science of words."

RITCHIE, F., English Grammar and Analysis. London, 1886.

"Grammar includes (1) Etymology, (2) Syntax.

"Etymology deals with the classi

fication and inflexion of words considered separately.

"Syntax deals with the mutual relations of words as members of a Sentence."

WELSH, A. H., Lessons in English Grammar. Chicago, 1888. "To report and describe in an orderly way the facts of a language, to collect and set forth the manner in which it is used by people of the best education, is the true aim of a 'grammar.'"

SWINTON, W., A Progressive Grammar of the English Tongue. N. Y., 1872.

"The study that teaches the correct use of the English language in speaking and writing is called English Grammar."

ADAMS, E., The Rudiments of English Grammar and Analysis. London, 1871.

"A Language consists of Letters, Syllables, Words, and Sentences. The explanation of these elements. is called the Grammar of a language."

"A. Rules for writing or speaking the English language founded upon the peculiar structure and proper use of it."

MILLER, A., Concise Grammar of the English Language. N. Y., 1795.

"Grammar is the art of speaking or writing a language properly.”

BOLTWOOD, H. L., English Grammar, and How to Teach it. Chicago, 1869.

"Grammar treats of the facts, laws, and rules of language."

JUDSON, A., The Elements of English Grammar. Boston, 1808. "What is the use of English grammar?

"A. To assist in speaking and writing correctly the English language."

INGERSOLL, C. M., Conversations on Etymology and Syntax. Philadelphia, 1822.

"Grammar treats of language, and may be divided into two sorts, Universal and Particular. Universal Grammar explains the principles which are common to all languages. Particular Grammar applies those general principles to a particular language, modifying them according to the genius of that language, and the established practice of the best speakers and writers by whom it is used."

UNKNOWN AUTHOR, The British Grammar. Boston, 1784.

"Grammar is the Art of expressing the Relations of Words in Con

struction, with due Quantity in Speaking, and Orthography in Writing."

Foot note by the author: "The above mentioned Definition of Grammar is certainly the best and most comprehensive that has yet been given; and is only an Improvement on the judicious Mr. Johnson's, who says, Grammar is the Art of expressing the Relation of Things in Construction, with due Accent in Speaking, etc.; but he should have said of Words, not Things, as Grammar treats of Words and not of Things; and Quantity instead of Accent, as Accent is only a mere Mark over a Vowel in a Syllable, to denote the Emphasis or Rising of the Voice, but Quantity is the Measure of Sounds in Pronunciation, and determines them to be long or short."

BURR, J., A Compendium of English Grammar. 1797. Boston. "Grammar is the art of speak

ing or writing a language with propriety."

ADAMS, D., The Thorough Scholar; or, the Nature of Language. Boston.

"Grammar is a system of rules and observations drawn from the common speech of mankind in their several languages; and teaches us how to speak and pronounce, to spell and write with propriety and exactness, according to the custom of those in every nation, who were supposed to speak and write their own language best."

ALEXANDER, C., Grammatical System of the English Language. 1795. Boston, 1803 (?)

"Grammar teaches the art of expressing and communicating our thoughts, with verbal propriety."

LOWTHE, Dr., A Short Introduction to English Grammar. Wilmington, 1800. Philadelphia, 1775. "Grammar is the Art of rightly expressing Our Thoughts by Words."

It is some years since I wrote a brief article on "The Summer Vacation"; and as the spirit moves me to talk upon it again, and as somehow the readers of the MONTHLY often express to me particular pleasure in the advice I give, I shal!

offer some suggestions concerning the spending of the next vcation. I do it in this month's issue because before the next one comes out many will have closed their schools and many others will be laying their plans for the summer.