Persian zodiac described in that most ancient book the Zendavesta? They are thus named in their order :-The Lamb, the Bull, the Twins, the Crab, the Lion, the Ear of corn, the Balance, the Scorpion, the Bow, the Goat, the Pitcher, and the Fishes.

I shall not dispute whether the Egyptians were, or were not, the first inventors of the zodiacal images. I must, however, most strongly protest against the idea, that they ever copied their symbols from the Greeks. I have already shown, that there is every reason to conclude, that the Egyptians had divided the zodiac into twelve constellations, centuries before the age of Moses. I shall now endeavour to prove, that the Greeks copied the images of their zodiac from the Egyptians and the Qrientalists.

· 1. Hipparchus, if I do not err, was the first among the Greeks, who established what has since been called the fixed zodiac; and he placed Aries as the first of the signs. Theon, indeed, reproves Aratus for making Cancer the first of the signs, when the Egyptians, whom Theon intimates Aratus to have been copying, made Aries the first. This shows then, that the Greeks were in the habit of copying the Egyptians in these matters. It is besides obvious, that Aries has little or nothing to do with Greek mythology. The Ram was the well-known type of the Egyptian Ammon. In the planispheres of Kircher we find the Ram's horns. In those of Dendera the Ram is represented, as also in the fragment of the Egyptian zodiac found at Rome, of which an engraving is given by Bailly.

2. The Bull was a symbol of the sun,

known all over the East, long before it can be pretended that the Greeks had a zodiac at all. On many Indian, as well as on many Persian, monuments, we find the Bull. Then the worship of Apis, proved by the Pentateuch itself to be so ancient, may lead us to wonder how it can be fancied, that the Greeks were the first, who placed this symbol in the zodiac.

3. The Greeks claim the symbol of the third sign as their own invention; and the story of Castor and Pollux may have been the production of their imagination. Some of their mythologists, however, designate the twins by the names of Hercules and Apollo, while Plutarch calls them Harpocrates and Helitomemion, the sons of Isis and Osiris. But this sign proves pretty clearly the disposition of the Greeks to make the zodiacal symbols accord with

their own mythology; and may perhaps tend to convince the objectors, that the Greeks, and not the Orientalists, were the copyists. In the Sanscrit verses, to which I have already referred, we are told, that the Indians represented the sign in question by a damsel playing on a harp, and by a youth wielding a mace. The Greeks converted these symbols into Apollo with his lyre, and Hercules with his club. Now in the fragment of the Egyptian zodiac found at Rome, the sign of the Twins is represented by a female with a harp, and by a man with a mace. Is not this an extraordinary coincidence between the Indian and Egyptian zodiacs? If the Indians and the Egyptians had been the copyists, how came they both to change the form of Apollo into that of a young woman? This could not have been arranged by agreement; and it could hardly have

happened by accident. I am, however, very well convinced, that one of the twins in the ancient Egyptian zodiacs was represented by Anubis; and in this, I think, I am supported, not only by one of Kircher's planispheres, but by the great zodiac of Dendera, so accurately given in the plates, which accompany Mr. Hamilton's travels. In all events, the similarity between the Indian zodiac and the Egyptian fragment, seems to prove that the Greeks copied the symbol of the Twins from the Orientalists.

4. The more ancient Egyptians placed Hermanubis, or "Hermes with the head of an ibis,” in the sign of Cancer. In the Grecian zodiacs we find the Crab, and the reason why that animal was stationed there is ingeniously given by Macrobius. But even this symbol appears to have been sug