our love. Although we may have been perverse children, we have ever loved

you.

This is our lament.

Great is the pain which preys on me for the loss of my beloved.

Ah, you will now lie buried among the other departed kings!

They will leave you with the other departed heroes of the land,

With the dead of the tribes of the multitude of "Ti Mani.

Go fearless then, Pango, my beloved, in the path of death; for no evil slanders can follow you.

O my very heart! Thou didst shelter me from the sorrows and ills of life.

O my pet bird, whose sweet voice welcomed my glad guests!

O my noble pet bird, caught in the forests of Rapaura!

Let, then, the body of my beloved be covered with Royal purple robes!

Let it be covered with all rare robes! The great Rewa, my beloved, shall himself bind these round thee.

And my ear-ring of precious jasper shall be hung in thy ear.

For O! my most precious jewel, thou art now lost to me.

Yes, thou, the pillar that didst support my palace, hast been borne to the skies.

O my beloved! you used to stand in the very prow of the war-canoe, inciting all others to noble deeds. Yes, in thy lifetime thou wast great.

And now thou hast departed to the place where even all the mighty must at

last go. Where, O physicians, was the power of your remedies?

What, O priests, availed your prayers? For I have lost my love; no more can he revisit this world.

MATEUE TE WHIWHI
RIWAI TE AHU.
WIREMU TAMIHANA TE NEKE.
PARAKAIA TE POUEPA.
HOROMONA TOREMI.
ARAPATA HAUTURU.
KARANAMA TE KAPUKAI.
PARAONE TE MANUKA.
MUKAKAI.

MOROATI KIHAROA.
HAPE TE HOROHAU.
TAMIHANA TE RAUPARAHA.
RAWIRI TE WANUL
КІСІ ТЕ Анолно.
HANITA TE WHAREMAKATEA.
HUKIKI.

PARAONE TOANGINA.
HOHUA TAIPARI.

KEPA KERIKERI.

PITA TE PUKEROA,

ZOOLOGICAL RANK OF MAN.-The possession by man of certain distinctive attributes transcending the highest intelligence of animals, as organic transcends inorganic life, is a fact beyond doubt or qualification. The method by which he became possessed of these attributes is a mystery, and must ever remain so. It is conceivable, though improbable in the highest degree, that scientific research may discover what has been presumptuously called "the missing link" between the human skeleton and the skeleton of the highest class of apes; but what will have been gained by such a revelation? Nothing, except an evidence that the external form of two orders of beings differing in all that can constitute a difference of nature may approximate more closely than has hitherto been supposed. The step from resemblance to filiation is one that can never be made legitimately; and, if it could, the only problem that has more than a scientific interest would remain unsolved. The history of the human race must begin with the first creature endowed with a human soul; and no structural affinity will ever justify us in acknowledging as man a being which has left no traces of reasonable agency. Between the highest efforts of instinct, and the rudest manufactured implements which geologists have detected in caves or gravel-beds, there is an interval which cannot be bridged over. While we are what we are, and learn from history and philology that no material change has passed over our mental organization since language was used to express thought, we can dispense with the assumption that our physical organization is unique. Experience had already told us that we live under the same physical conditions with other animals. Like them, we need air, sleep, and food; the constituent parts of our bodies, and the mode of growth, are the same; the processes of digestion and secretion, and the tendency to disease, are common to us with them; and we share with them all the senses, and many of the affections. It is a small thing, then, to admit the existence of other features of similarity such as osteology attests. The recognition of these features is as old as Aristotle, and the use now made of them comes too late to shake our faith in our pretensions to an exclusive rank among animals. That we should unite a conscience and a spiritual nature with a bodily framework inferior in strength, and little superior (if it be so) in delicacy, to some other mammalia, would be the strongest pos

sible confirmation of our title to this rank. Nor would this title be the least affected by any theory about the mode of our creation, gratuitous and worthless as such a theory must ever be. There would be nothing more derogatory to Omnipotence, or even to human nature, in the conjecture that man did not become a living soul till he had passed through several lower stages of animal life, than in the doctrine that he was formed immediately out of the dust of the ground: nor would he cease to be a little lower than the angels, if the elements of his body could be analysed into an original monad. The difference between the two views is, that we have the highest authority known for the one, while the other has no basis but a set of disputed facts which cannot possibly prove more than that something which was not human once existed in human shape. It is one thing to show that a brute may have organs as perfect as a man; it is another thing to prove that man is nothing but a highly educated brute.-Times.

THE GOLD DISCOVERIES.—Mr. H. Fawcett delivered an address on the economic effects of recent gold discoveries. He showed that there had been no sensible depreciation of the value of that metal. Previous to 1848 the whole value of all the gold in the world did not exceed £560,000,000; but, so soon as the goldfields began to be worked, it appeared that within thirty-five years Australia and California would produce as much as had hitherto existed in the world. Although the older gold-fields did not now keep up to the amount which they produced at first, yet, looking to the recent gold discoveries in British Columbia, they would tend to preserve the supply at its primary rate. It was clear that, if gold discoveries had not occurred, there would since 1848 have been a great deficiency of that precious metal, and its value would have risen largely, to the great disturbance of commercial contracts; so that that discovery, coming as it did at the epoch of the great commercial change attendant on the inauguration of Free Trade, was timely and happy for the fortunes of this country. In the course of his remarks, he said that we had sent to India and China, since 1850, annual amounts of specie amounting to £14,000,000, owing to the establishment of great public works in India, and to the large demand in this country for China produce, which was obliged to be paid for in money, and not in English products. British Association, 1862.

THE SUN'S SURFACE. Mr. Nasmyth described the spots as gaps or holes, more or less extensive, in the luminous surface or photosphere of the sun. These exposed the totally dark bottom or nucleus of the sun; over this appears the mist surface-a thin, gauzelike veil spread over it. Then came the penumbral stratum, and, over all, the luminous stratum, which (he had had the good fortune to discover) was composed of a multitude of very elongated, lenticular-shaped, or, to use a familiar illustration, willow-leaf-shaped masses, crowded over the photosphere, and crossing one another in every possible direction. The author had prepared and exhibited a diagram, pasting such elongated slips of white paper over a sheet of black card, crossing one another in every possible direction in such multitudes as to hide the dark nucleus everywhere, except at the spots. These elongated lens-shaped objects he found to be in constant motion relatively to one another; they sometimes approached, sometimes receded, and sometimes they assumed a new angular position, by one end either maintaining a fixed distance or approaching its neighbour, while at the other end they retired from each other. These objects, some of which were as large in superficial area as all Europe, and some even as the surface of the whole earth, were found to shoot in thin streams across the spots, bridging them over in well-defined streams or comparative lines, as exhibited on the diagram; sometimes by crowding in on the edges of the spot they closed it in, and frequently, at length, thus obliterated it. These objects were of various dimensions; but in length they generally were from ninety to one hundred times as long as their breadth at the middle or widest part.-Professor Selwyn's "autographs" show, that the diminution of light toward the edges of the sun's disc, is a real phenomenon. In the two of the 4th of August, where the great spot (20,000 miles in diameter) appears on the edge, a very distinct notch is seen, and the sun appears to give strong evidence that the spots are cavities; but this evidence is not conclusive, for there was still a remaining portion of photosphere between the spot and the edge. The autographs appear to confirm the views of Sir J. Herschel, that the two parallel regions of the sun where the spots appear, are like the tropical regions of the earth, where tornados and cyclones The focule seem to show that the tropical regions of the sun are highly agitated, and that immense waves of

occur.

CHINA.

FEBRUARY 15th, 1862.-Went on board the river steamer "Willamette," bound for Han-kow.

16th. We started during the night. The good ship spent fifteen minutes on a mud-bank, about two P. M. At Plover Point passed the "Coromandel," two gun-boats, with six burning junks at a little distance from them; which are, doubtless, captured pirate craft.

18th. We passed Nanking at eleven last night. I just caught sight of the Eastern and Western Pillars, which Oliphant so well describes, at half-past seven this morning. At half-past nine A. M. we passed the large district-city Wu-hu, where we exchange Rebel for Imperial territory. Numerous boats begin to dot the river, and form a welcome contrast with its naked, deserted appearance under rebel patronage.

99

19th. At eight A. M. we arrived at Ngan-king, the capital of the fine province of Ngan-huru. The place has hardly begun to recover from the destruction of the rebel occupancy, and is now the head-quarters of Tsan-Kush-fan, a celebrated Imperialist General. There are many people about; but we saw more "braves than citizens, and they were rude and impudent in their demeanour toward us. Tsan is a sensible-looking man, and investigated every part of the steam-ship. My Teacher wished me to note the difference between the quiet, elegant dress and manners of this officer, and the vulgar show I had seen at Nanking.

20th.-Rose early, to spend an hour at the newly-opened Treaty port, Kiukiang. The place is, as yet, in ruins, from rebel occupation. I found a few Canton acquaintances here. They informed me that a million and a half taels (about £500,000) have been paid for teas in that place, and that the trade must rapidly increase. The population is friendly, and foreigners have been well received at the cities in the Po-yang Lake. There is a concession of land for the residence of foreigners, and the lots have been rapidly purchased by the merchants.

21st. We ran to-day, for twenty miles, between lofty banks, and could see

little beyond them. The river is now at its lowest level, and thirty feet lower than it will be in June. The first object we descried in Han-kow was the unfinished house of Her Majesty's Consul. Eight or ten foreign vessels were lying in the river, and we anchored just off the bank, ornamented with consular and merchants' flags. A cluster of boats swarmed around the ship before she dropped anchor. In one of them my teacher and I made our way to the Han, along which river we forced our narrow craft through a dense mass of junks and boats, for nearly half a mile, when we landed, and found ourselves in the immediate vicinity of Messrs. John and Wilson, of the London Missionary Society. These excellent brethren gave me a cordial welcome. In the afternoon, in company with Mr. W., I crossed the Han, and ascended the Tortoise-Hill, which commands a good view of the three important cities of Wu-chang, HanYang, and Han-kow. Han-kow is on the left, and Han-Yang on the right bank of the river Han, at its junction with the Yang-tsye from the north-west. Wuchang is a noble provincial city on the opposite or south bank of the great river. Han-kow stretches for four miles along the Han, and a mile down the Yang-tsye, not extending far from the banks of the river, but containing a dense mass of people. Three such cities, spreading out immediately before me, form a sight which, once looked upon, can never be forgotten. The two most impressive features were, the vast city of W'u-chang, not yet occupied by Protestant Missionaries, and the pack of junks in the Han. The former showed the immense work before us in the immediate neighbourhood; the latter points to many a distant field to be reached from this centre. There is a thoroughfare of traffic between this and Canton; water-courses carry us hence to the capitals and important cities of the whole Western Provinces of the Empire. It is the "heart of the Empire." As one contemplates from such a position the immense region and vast populations now awaiting the Missionary, hope staggers before the mighty task. It must be undertaken. And the necessity of immediately occupying this centre with a strong body of Missionaries fastens upon

the mind as an irresistible conviction. The two Missionaries commencing here speak very favourably of the resident population of Han-kow. They are civil, crowd to the preaching-services, and listen attentively. Their earnest character and intelligence contrast favourably with Shanghai audiences; but the most interesting fact is, that men from almost all parts of the Empire have been found in the congregations. Seven provinces were represented in the audience of today. Mr. John and a Native Assistant preach in the ground-floor of their residence daily. Their audiences have, so far, been most encouraging.

22d-After breakfast, Mr. John and I crossed the Yang-tsye, and walked through part of Wu-chang. In the thoroughfares we meet the same style of building, the same eager bargain-making, busy handicraft, and stream of countless people, as in other Chinese cities. Two ranges of hills cross the city, and from the highest of them Wuchang spreads out an interesting panorama. Not more than a third part of the space enclosed by the walls is now occupied by houses, and more than a third is covered with the ruins of houses destroyed by the rebels. The walls are ten miles in circumference, and the population of the city was estimated in its prosperity at eight hundred thousand. The people are now rapidly returning, and, if not again molested, will soon hide the ruins of the fine old city, and gladden her with the stir and clatter of a cheerful industry. The place contrasts favourably with Canton as a Mission-station. Though less numerous, the people are equally intelligent with the Cantonese, and much more civil than the latter showed themselves a few years ago. The climate is more salubrious, and hitherto no Protestant Missionary has resided here. It is much to be desired that this great and noble city be soon occupied.

23d. A morning religious service was conducted in Mr. John's room, and attended by eight gentlemen from the mercantile community. The service devolves on Messrs. John and Wilson alternately; Mr. John fills up his intervals with Chinese services, and in the evening the Missionary families unite in a prayer-meeting. At present they are on a small scale, but the future will be great.

24th.-Walked through that portion of the long city of Han-kow, which is built on the banks of the Yang-tsye. The houses now extend but a mile and a

half in this direction, being little more than half their former extent. On this is the site of the future foreign settlement. The mercantile houses have already purchased many lots above the plot conceded by Government for foreign residences, and also for three-quarters of a mile below the concession; and, if we may judge from such preparations, Hankow will become one of the chief resorts of foreign merchants in China. Very high prices have ruled in these purchases of land, some lots selling at the rate of £2,000 per acre. Nearly £3,000,000 have been paid here for teas, and the trade is expected to grow rapidly. The populous tea-districts are all in easy communication with this emporium.

25th. In company with Messrs. John and Wilson, I crossed the Han, and a shallow lake of water on the opposite side, to a hill on which an American merchant, by permission of the authorities, has erected a pic-nic resort for the foreigners. It commands a wide view, which on one side comprises a vast extent covered over with grave mounds. While looking on the prospect, we were joined by two Roman Catholic priests, in the native dress. One of these proved to be the bishop-designate of the Hu-peh province. The present bishop, a man of noble family, now lingers in the last stages of a fatal illness; and on his decease, our acquaintance of the "plumtree hill" immediately enters upon his high duties. The Roman Catholic Missions in Hu-peh number thirty priests, including seventeen ordained natives, and fifteen thousand converts. Their bishop resides at Wu-chang, where an Institution for training native priests is conducted by three Italians. The Mission is Italian. They are about to claim a good plot of land in Han-kow, whereon there stood a chapel sixty years ago. Our friends, as I have invariably found Roman Catholic Missionaries, were courteous and ready for friendly chat. Their Mission in Peking is in full operation, and their cathedral there is regularly open for public worship. There

are

one thousand of their priests in China. The native priest and catechist introduces the inquirer to the foreign "father," and the duties of the latter are chiefly those of private instruction and administering the sacraments. Their methods contrast widely with our public preaching, and wide diffusion of the Scriptures and Christian books. It does seem strange, that, with a Roman Catholic cathedral "regularly open" in Peking, the entrance of the Rev. Mr.