of Aristotle, Plato, Cicero, Seneca, and out of the His tories of Rome and Greece, for their Disputation against the necessary Power of their Sovereigns. Therefore I despair of any lasting Peace among ourselves till the Universities here shall bend and direct their Studies to the settling of it, that is, to the teaching of absolute Obedience to the Laws of the King, and to his publick Edicts under the great Seal of England. For I make no Doubt, but that solid Reason, back'd with the Authority of so many learned Men, will more prevail for the keeping of us in Peace within ourselves, than any Victory can do over the Rebels. But I am afraid that it is impossible to bring the Universities to such a Compliance with the Actions of State, as is necessary for the Business.

4. Seeing the Universities have heretofore, from time to time, maintained the Authority of the Pope, contrary to all Laws, Divine, Civil, and Natural, against the Rights of our Kings, why can they not as well, when they have all manner of Laws and Equity on their Side, maintain the Rights of him that is both Sovereign of the Kingdom, and Head of the Church?

B. Why then were they not in all Points as zealous in the support of the King's Power, presently after that King Henry VIII. was in Parliament declared Head of the Church, as they had been before in the support of the Authority of the Pope?

A. Because the Clergy in the Universities, by whom all things there are governed, and the Clergy without the Universities, as well Bishops as inferiour Clerks, did think that the pulling-down of the Pope was the setting-up them (as to England) in his Place, and made no Question (the greatest part of them) but that their spiritual Power did depend, not upon the Authority of the King, but of Christ himself, derived to them by a successive Imposition of Hands from Bishop to Bishop, notwithstanding they knew that this Derivation passed through the Hands of Popes and Bishops; whose Authority they had cast-off. For, though they were content that the Divine Right, which the Pope pretended-to in England, should be deny'd him: yet they thought it not so fit to be taken from the Church of England, whom they now supposed themselves to represent.

It

The Clergy of the Church of England, the Pope's Authority in England, pretendselves some Spiritual Authority transmitted to them from the Apostles.

after the abolition of

ed to have them

It seems they did not think it reasonable that a Woman or a Child, or a Man that could not construe the Hebrew, Greek, or Latin Bibie, nor know perhaps the Declensions and Conjugations of Greek or Latin Nouns and Verbs, should take upon him to govern so many learned Doctors in Matters of Divinity; for Religion has been for a long time, and is now by most People, taken for the same thing with Divinity, to the great Advantage of the Clergy.

B, And especially now amongst Presbyterians; forl see few that are by them esteemed very good Christians, besides such as can repeat their Sermons, and wrangle for them about the Interpretation of the Scrip. ture, and fight for them also with their Bodies or Purses, when they shall be required. To believe in Christ is nothing with them, unless you believe as they bid you: Charity is nothing with them, unless it be Charity and Liberality to them, and partaking with them in Faction. How we can have Peace while this is our Religion, I cannot tell. Hæret lateri lethalis arundo. The seditious Doctrine of the Presbyterians has been stuck so hard in the People's Heads and Memories, (I cannot say into their Hearts; for they understand nothing in it, but that they may lawfully rebel) that I fear the Commonwealth will never be cured.

A. The two great Virtues that were severally in Henry VII. and Henry VIII. when they shall be jointly in one King, will easily cure it. That of Henry VII. was, without much noise of the People to fill his Coffers; that of Henry VIII. was an early Severity; but this without the former cannot be exercised.

B. This that you say, looks (methinks) like an Advice to the King, to let them alone till he have gotten ready Money enough to levy and maintain a sufficient Army, and then to fall upon them, and destroy them.

A. God forbid that so horrible, unchristian, and inhuman a Design should ever enter into the King's Heart! I would have him have money enough, readily to raise an Army able to suppress any Rebellion, and to take from his Enemies all Hope of Success; to the end that they may not dare to trouble him in the Reformation of the Universities. But I would have him to put none of them to Death without the actual committing such crimes

crimes as are already made capital by the Laws. The Core of Rebellion, (as you have seen by this, and read of other Rebellions,) is in the Universities; which, nevertheless, The useful branches are not to be cast-away, but to be better disciplined; that of knowledge that is to say, that the Politics there taught be made to be as in the Universities. ought to be taught true Politics should be) such as are fit to make Men know that it is their Duty to obey all Laws whatsoever that shall, by the Authority of the King, be enacted, till, by the same Authority, they shall be repealed;-such as are fit to make Men understand, that the Civil Laws are God's Laws, as they that make them are appointed by God to make them; and to make men know, that the people and the church are one Thing, and that no man has Title to govern under him. That the King owes his Crown to God only, and to no Man, Ecclesiastic, or other; and that the Religion they teach there, be a quiet waiting for the coming-again of our Blessed Saviour; and, in the mean time, a resolution to obey the King's Laws,(which also are God's Laws,) to injure no man, to be in charity with all Men, to cherish the Poor and Sick, and to live soberly and free from Scandal. Without mingling our Religion with points of natural Philosophy, as Freedom of Will, incorporeal Substance, everlasting Nows, Ubiquities, and Hypostases; which are subjects that the people understand not, nor will ever care-for. When the Universities shall be thus disciplin'd, there will come out of them, from time to time, well-principled Preachers, and they that are now ill-principled, from time to time, will fall

away,

B. I think it a very good course to take, and, perhaps, the only one, that can make our peace amongst ourselves be lasting. For, if Men know not their duty, what is there that can force them to obey the laws? An Army, you'll say; but what shall force the Army? Were not the Trainbands an Army? Were not the men that, not very long ago, slew the Turkish Sultan, Osman, in his own Palace at Constantinople, his own Janissaries? I am therefore of your Opinion, both that men may be brought to a love of obedience by preachers and gentlemen that imbibe good principles in their youth at the Universities, and also, that we never shall have a lasting Peace, till the Universities themselves

themselves he, in such Manner as you have said, reformed; and the Ministers know they have no authority but what the Supreme civil power gives them, and the Nobility and Gentry know that the liberty of a State is not an Exemption from the laws of their own country, made by an Assembly, or by a Monarch; but an Exemption from the Constraint and Insolence of their Neighbours.

And now I am satisfied in this point, I will bring you back to the place, from whence my Curiosity drew you to this long Digression.

We were upon the point of Ship-money, one of those Grievances which the Parliament exclaimed-against as tyrannical and arbitrary Government, thereby to single-out (as you call it) the King from his Subjects, and to make a party against him, when they should need it. And now you may proceed, if it please you, to such other Artifices as they used to the same purpose.

A. I think it were better to give-over here our Discourse of this Business, and refer it to some other Day that you shall think fit.

B. Content. That Day, I believe, is not far off.

BEHEMOTH.

BEHEMOTH.

PART II.

A. YOU are welcome; yet, if you had stayed somewhat longer, my Memory would have been so much better provided for you.

B. Nay, I pray you give me now what you have about you; for the rest, I am content you take what time you please.

A. After the Parliament had made the People believe, that the exacting of Ship-Money was unlawful, and the People thereby inclined to think it tyrannical; in the next Place, to increase their Disaffection to his Majesty, they accused him of a Purpose to introduce and authorize the Roman Religion in this Kingdom, than which nothing was more hateful to the People; not because that Religion was erroneous (which the People had neither Learning nor Judgement enough to examine), but because they had been used to hear it inveighed-against in the Sermons and Discourses of the Preachers whom they trusted-to: and this was indeed the most effectual Calumny to alienate the People's Affections from the King, that could possibly be invented. The Colour they had for this Slander was, first, that there was one Rosetti, Resident (at, and a little before, that Time) from the Pope, with the Queen, and one Mr. George Con, (Secretary to the Cardinal Francisco Barberini, who was Nephew to Pope Urban VIII.) who had been sent-over, under the Favour and Protection of the Queen (as was conceived) in order to draw as many Persons of Quality about the Court as he should be able, to reconcile themselves to the Church of Rome. With what Success he carried-on this Design, I cannot tell but it is likely he gained some con verts, especially of the weaker Sex; if I may say, that they

The King is accused of favouring the Popish Religion.