mother, (for those two women were very familiar with one another,) and out of regard to his and Claudius's education together, she lent him the money; and, upon the payment of this debt, there was nothing to hinder Tiberius's friendship to him. After this, Tiberius Cæsar recommended to him his grandson, and ordered that he should always accompany him when he went abroad. But upon Agrippa's kind reception by Antonia, he betook himself to pay his respects to Caius, who was her grandson, and in very high reputation by reason of the good-will they bare his father. Now, there was one Thallus, a freed-man of Cæsar, of whom he borrowed a million of drachmæ, and thence repaid Antonia the debt he owed her; and by spending the overplus in paying his court to Caius, became a person of great authority with him.

5. Now, as the friendship which Agrippa had for Caius was come to a great height, there happened some words to pass between them, as they once were in a chariot together, concerning Tiberius; Agrippa praying [to God], (for they two sat by themselves), that "Tiberius might soon go off the "stage, and leave the government to Caius, who was in every "respect more worthy of it." Now Eutychus, who was Agrippa's freed-man, and drove his chariot, beard these words, and at that time said nothing of them; but when Agrippa accused him of stealing some garments of his, (which was certainly true), he ran away from him: but when he was caught, and brought before Piso, who was governor of the city, and the man was asked, why he ran away? he replied, that he had somewhat to say to Cæsar, that tended to his security and preservation: so Piso bound him, and sent him to Capreæ. But Tiberius, according to his usual custom, kept him still in bonds, being a delayer of affairs, if there ever was any other king or tyrant that was so; for he did not admit ambassadors quickly, and no successors were dispatched away to governors or procurators of the provinces, that had been formerly sent, unless they were dead; whence it was, that he was so negligent in hearing the causes of prisoners; insomuch, that when he was asked by his friends, what was the reason of his delay in such cases? he said, That "he delayed to hear am"bassadors, lest, upon their quick dismission, other ambas"sadors should be appointed, and return upon him; and so " he should bring trouble upon himself in their public recep❝tion and dismission: that he permitted those governors, "who had been sent once to their governments [to stay there a great while], out of regard to the subjects that were un"der them; for that all governors are naturally disposed to + Germanicus.

66

* Tiberius junior.

get as much as they can, and that those who are not to fix "there, but to stay a short time, and that at an uncertainty, "when they shall be turned out, do the more severely hurry "themselves on to fleece the people; but that, if their go

.

vernment be long continued to them, they are at last sa"tiated with the spoils, as having gotten a vast deal, and so "become at length less sharp in their pillaging; but that, if successors are sent quickly, the poor subjects, who are exposed to them as a prey, will not be able to bear the new ones, while they shall not have the same time allowed them, "wherein their predecessors had filled themselves, and so grew more unconcerned about getting more; and this because they are removed before they have had time [for "their oppressions]. He gave them an example to shew his

tr

66

meaning: A great number of flies came about the sore "places of a man that had been wounded; upon which one "of the standers-by pitied the man's misfortune, and, think

ing he was not able to drive those flies away himself, was "going to drive them away for him; but he prayed him to "let them alone; the other, by way of reply, asked him the

reason of such a preposterous proceeding, in preventing "relief from his present misery; to which he answered, If "thou drivest these flies away, thou wilt hurt me worse, for,

66

as these are already full of my blood, they do not crowd "about me, nor pain me so much as before, but are some"times more remiss, while the fresh ones that come almost

66

famished, and find me quite tired down already, will be my 66 destruction. For this cause, therefore, it is, that I am "myself careful not to send such new governors perpetually "to those my subjects, who are already sufficiently harrassed "by many oppressions, as may, like these flies, farther dis"tress them; and so, besides their natural desire of gain, may have this additional incitement to it, that they expect "to be suddenly deprived of that pleasure which they take "in it." And, as a farther attestation to what I say of the dilatory nature of Tiberius, I appeal to this his practice itself; for, although he were emperor twenty-two years, he sent in all but two procurators to govern the nation of the Jews, Gratus, and his successor in the government, Pilate. Nor was he in one way of acting with respect to the Jews, and in another with respect to the rest of his subjects. He farther informed them, that even in the hearing of the causes of prisoners, he made such delays, "because immediate "death to those that must be condemned to die, would be an "alleviation of their present miseries, while those wicked "wretches have not deserved any such favour; but I do it,

"that, by being harrassed with the present calamity, they "may undergo greater misery."

6. On this account it was, that Eutychus could not obtain an hearing, but was kept still in prison. However, some time afterward, Tiberius came from Caprea to Tusculanum, which is about an hundred furlongs from Rome. Agrippa then desired of Antonia, that she would procure an hearing for Eutychus, let the matter whereof he accused him prove what it would. Now Autonia was greatly esteemed by Tiberius on all accounts, from the dignity of her relation to him, who had been his brother Drusus's wife and from her eminent chastity; for though she were still a young woman, she continued in her widowhood, and refused all other matches, although Augustus had enjoined her to be married to somebody else: yet did she all along preserve her reputation free from reproach. She had also been the greatest benefactress to Tiberius, when there was a very dangerous plot laid against him by Sejanus, a man who had been her husband's friend, and who had the greatest authority, because he was general of the army, and when many members of the senate, and many of the freed-men joined with him, and the soldiery was corrupted, and the plot was come to a great height. Now Sejanus had certainly gained his point, had not Antonia's boldness been more wisely conducted than Sejanus's malice; for, when she had discovered his designs against Tiberius, she wrote him an exact account of the whole, and gave the letter to Pallas, the most faithful of her servants, and sent him to Caprex to Tiberius, who, when he understood it, slew Sejanus and his confederates; so that Tiberius, who had her in great esteem before, now looked upon her with still greater respect, and depended upon her in all things. So, when Tiberius was desired by this Antonia to examine

*This high commendation of Antonia for marrying but once, given here, and supposed elsewhere, Antiq B. XVII. ch. xiii. sect. 4. Vol. II. and this notwithstanding the strongest temptations, shews how honourable single marriages were both among the Jews and Romans, in the days of Josephus and of the apostles, and takes away much of that surprise which the modern Protestants have at those laws of the apostles, where no widows, but those who had been the wives of one husband only, are taken into the church-list, and no bishops, priests, or deacons, are allowed to marry more than once, without leaving off to officiate as clergymen any longer. See Luke ii. 36. 1 Tim. v. 11, 12. iii. 2, 12. Tit. i. 6. Constitut. Apost. B. II. sect. 1, 2. B. VI. sect. 17. Can. B. XVII. Grot. in Loc. ii. 36. and Respons. ad Consult Cassand. p. 44. and Cotelet. in Constitut. B. VI. sect. 17. And note, that Tertullian owns this law, against second marriages of the clergy, had been once at least executed in his time; and heavily complains elsewhere, that the breach thereof had not been always punished by the Catholics, as it ought to have been. Jerom, speaking of the ill reputation of marrying twice, says, That no such person could be chosen into the clergy in his days; which Augustine testifies also; and for Epiphanius, rather earlier, he is clear and full to the same purpose, and says, that law obtained over the whole Catholic church in his days; as the places in the forecited authors inform us.

66

Eutychus, he answered, "If indeed Eutychus had falsely ac"cused Agrippa in what he hath said of him, he hath had "sufficient punishment by what I have done to him already; "but if, upon examination, the accusation appears to be true, let Agrippa have a care, lest, out of desire of punish"ing his freed-man, he do not rather bring a punishment upon himself." Now when Antonia told Agrippa of this, he was still much more pressing that the matter might be examined into; so Antonia, upon Agrippa's lying hard at her continually to beg this favour, took the following opportunity as Tiberius once lay at his ease upon his sedan, and was carried about, and Caius her grandson and Agrippa were before him after dinner, she walked by the sedan, and desired him to call Eutychus, and have him examined; to which he replied, "O "Antonia, the gods are my witnesses, that I am induced to "do what I am going to do, not by my own inclination, but " because I am forced to it by thy prayers." When he had said this, he ordered Macro, who succeeded Sejanus, to bring Eutychus to him; accordingly, without any delay, he was brought. Then Tiberius asked him, what he had to say against a man who had given him his liberty? Upon which he said, "O my lord, this Caius, and Agrippa with him, were "once riding in a chariot, when I sat at their feet, and among many other discourses that passed, Agrippa said to Caius, "O that the day would once come, when this old fellow will "die, and name thee for the governor of the habitable earth! "for then this Tiberius, his grandson would be no hindrance, "but would be taken off by thee, and that earth would be happy, and I happy also." Now Tiberius took these to be truly Agrippa's words, and bearing a grudge withal at Agrippa, because when he had commanded him to pay his respects to Tiberius, his grandson, and the son of Drusus, Agrippa had not paid him that respect, but disobeyed his commands, and transferred all their regard to Caius; he said to Macro, "Bind this man." But Macro not distinctly knowing which of them it was whom he bid him bind, and not expecting that he would have any such thing done to Agrippa, he forbore, and came to ask more distinctly what it was that he said? But when Cæsar had gone round the hippodrome, he found Agrippa standing : For certain," said he, Macro, this is the man I meant to have bound :" and when he still asked, "Which of these is to be bound?" he said, "Agrippa." Upon which Agrippa betook himself to make supplication for himself, putting him in mind of his son, with whom he was brought up, and of Tiberius [his grandson] whom he had educated; but all to no purpose; for they led him about bound even in his purple garments. It

1

was also very hot weather, and they had but little wine to their meal; so that he was very thirsty; he was also in a sort of agony, and took this treatment of him heinously, as he therefore saw one of Caius's slaves, whose name was Thaumaustus, carrying some water in a vessel, he desired that he would let him drink; so the servant gave him some water to drink, and he drank heartily, and said, "O thou boy, this "service of thine to me will be for thy advantage; for, if I' once get clear of these my bonds, I will soon procure thee thy freedom of Caius, who has not been wanting to minis"ter to me now I am in bonds, in the same manner as when "I was in my former state and dignity." Nor did he deceive him in what he promised him, but made him amends for what he had now done; for, when afterward Agrippa was come to the kingdom, he took particular care of Thaumastus, and got him his liberty from Caius, and made him the steward over his own estate; and, when he died, he left him to Agrippa his son, and to Bernice his daughter, to minister to them in the same capacity. The man also grew old in that honourable post, and therein died. But all this happened a good while later.

7. Now Agrippa stood in his bonds before the royal palace, and leaned on a certain tree for grief, with many others who were in bonds also; and as a certain bird sat upon the tree on which Agrippa leaned, (the Romans call this bird bubo), [an owl], one of those that were bound, a German by nation, saw him, and asked a soldier who that man in purple was? and when he was informed that his name was Agrippa, and that he was by nation a Jew, and one of the principal men of that nation, be asked leave of the soldier to whom he was bound,* to let him come nearer to him, to speak with him; for that he had a mind to enquire of him about some things relating to his country; which liberty when he had obtained, and as he stood near him, he said thus to him by an interpreter, That "this sudden change of thy condition, O young man, is grievous to thee, as bringing on thee a manifold "and very great adversity; nor wilt thou believe me, when "I foretel how thou wilt get clear of this misery which thou "art now under, and how divine Providence will provide for "thee. Know therefore (and I appeal to my own country-

66

gods, as well as to the gods of this place, who have awarded these bonds to us), that all I am going to say about thy "concerns, shall neither be said for favour nor bribery, nor "out of an endeavour to make thee cheerful without cause;

* Dr. Hudson here takes notice, out of Seneca, Epistle V. that this was the custom of Tiberius, to couple the prisoner and the soldier that guarded him tegether in the same chain.