RR615-2 US65,45,(2) 18811 22 271 Bregal Fund HARVARD Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1881, by HARPER & BROTHERS, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. als struck in honor of Abraham Lincoln. No other public man in the United States excepting Washington has been so honored in this way. the (See p. 794.) actual settlers. They nominated General John C. Frémont for President, and General John Cochrane for Vice-President. They afterwards withdrew. The Union National Convention assembled at Baltimore June 7, 1864, in which all Lincoln, PRESIDENT, IN RICHMOND. The Pres- the states and territories were represented by ident had been at City Point and vicinity sev-chosen delegates, excepting those in which ineral days before the fall of Richmond, and on surrection existed. Their "platform of princithat day (April 4, 1865) he went up to that city ples" was equally strong in support of nationwith Admiral Porter on the Malvery. Captain al honor, national freedom, the emancipation of Ralph Chandler, with the Sangamon, several the slaves and the perpetuation of their freetugs, and thirty small boats, had fished up torpedoes with which the river was strewn. At dom, the "Monroe Doctrine," etc. It was the Richmond the President was cheered by a vast regular Republican Convention. It endorsed concourse of emancipated slaves, who were told that the tall man was their liberator. He returned the same day, and on the 6th he again visited Richmond, when he authorized General Weitzel to allow the assembling of the Virginia Legislature, which he had been assured by lead ing members would work faithfully in the interests of peace and the restoration of the Union. Their promise was not kept, and the President revoked his order to Weitzel. In the acts of the administration, and nominated Abraham Lincoln for President and Andrew Johnson for Vice-President. The Democratic National Convention met at Chicago Aug. 29, 1864. Horatio Seymour, of New York, was its chairman, and, in his opening address on taking the chair, he expressed sentiments of extreme hostility to the policy of the administration, and condemnatory of the war for the preservation of the Union. They adopted a "platform of principles," composed of six resolutions. It Lincoln, PRESIDENT, RE-ELECTION OF. declared the fidelity of the Democratic party to the Administration party were men who depre- the Union; that the war was a failure, and cated the cautious policy of Mr. Lincoln and that "humanity, liberty, and the public welwere opposed to his re-election. They held a fare" demanded its immediate cessation; that nominating convention at Cleveland, Ohio, May the government, through its military power, had 31, 1864. It was composed of about three hun- interfered with elections in four of the late slavedred and fifty persons, very few of whom were labor states, and was, consequently, guilty of revregularly chosen delegates. They were called olutionary action, which should be resisted; that "the radical men of the nation." They adopt- the government had been guilty of unwarrantaed a "platform of principles," consisting of ble usurpations (which were specified), and also thirteen resolutions, among which was one been guilty of a shameful disregard of duty reproposing an amendment to the Constitution specting the exchange of prisoners aud the reto prevent the re-establishment of slavery; an- lief of its suffering captives. The resolutions other declaring the wisdom of the "Monroe closed with an assurance that the Democratic Doctrine" (which see); a third asserting the party extended its sympathy to the Union solpolicy of restricting the incumbency of the presi-diers, and that, in the event of their obtaining dential office to one term; a fourth recommend- power, the soldiers should receive "all the care ing the election of President directly by the peo- and protection and kindness" which they de LINCOLN'S CABINET 796 LINCOLN'S ELECTION, EFFECT OF system of labor; the elevation of the negro to social equality with the white man, and the destruction of slavery, upon which, they alleged, had rested in the past, and must forever rest in the future, all substantial prosperity in the cotton-growing states. They held the Republican party responsible for John Brown's Raid (which see), and cited as proof of the intentions of the Republicans their declarations that "there is an irrepressible conflict between freedom and slavery;" "freedom is the normal condition of all territory;" "the Republic cannot exist half slave and half free." The press and the pulpit became powerful auxiliaries in disseminating these views concerning the Republican party. The "common people were blinded, confused, alarmed. When the fact of Mr. Lincoln's election had been flashed by the telegraph over the land, the voice of disunion was heard in vehement utterances all over the slave-labor states. served. General George B. McClellan, who had | been relieved from military duty about twenty months before, was nominated for President, and George H. Pendleton, of Ohio, for Vice-President. The opposing parties carried on the canvass with great vigor during the autumn. The real practical issue was expressed in two words-Union and Disunion. Mr. Lincoln was re-elected by an unprecedented majority in the Electoral College. His opponent--General McClellan-received the votes only of the two late slave-labor states of Delaware and Kentucky and the State of New Jersey. The soldiers in the army gave 121,000 votes for Lincoln and 35,050 for McClellan, or three to one in favor of the former. They did not regard the war in which they were struggling as a failure." The freedmen rejoiced at the result, for they regarded it as the seal of their sure deliverance, for there was a wonderful power slumbering behind that vote. 66 Lincoln's Cabinet (1861). On the day after South Carolinians were anxious to put the prehis inauguration (March 5, 1861) President Lin-concerted scheme of revolution into immediate coln nominated the following gentlemen as his constitutional advisers: William H. Seward, of New York, Secretary of State; Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, Secretary of the Treasury; Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania, Secretary of War; Gideon Welles, of Connecticut, Secretary of the Navy; Caleb Smith, of Indiana, Secretary of the Interior; Montgomery Blair, of Maryland, Postmastergeneral, and Edward Bates, of Missouri, Attorney general. These were immediately confirmed by the Senate. Lincoln's Cabinet (1865). Mr. Lincoln retained his cabinet-namely. W. H. Seward, Secretary of State; Hugh McCulloch, Secretary of the Treasury; Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War; Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy; William Dennison, Postmaster-general; J. P. Usher, Secretary of the Interior; James Speed, Attorney-general. There had been previously some changes in his cabinet. At the request of the President, Montgomery Blair had resigned the office of Postmaster-general, and was succeeded by Mr. Dennison, of Ohio. On the death of Chief-justice Taney, Salmon P. Chase had been made his successor, and the place of the latter in the cabinet had been filled by Hugh McCulloch. operation. An extraordinary session of the Legislature had been called at Columbia, Nov. 5, in anticipation of the result, and the governor of that state received congratulatory telegraphic despatches from other commonwealths where the political leaders were in sympathy with disunionists. A grand plan of the disunionists was for the sympathizing states to first withdraw said a despatch from Raleigh. "A large number from the Union. "North Carolina will secede," of Bell men (see National Constitutional Union Party) have declared for secession." "The state will undoubtedly secede," said a despatch from the capital of Alabama. Another, from Milledgeville, Ga., said: "The hour for action has come. This state is ready to assert her rights and independence. The leading men are eager for the business." "There is a great deal of excitement here," said a despatch from Washington; "several extreme Southern men, in office, have donned the Palmetto cockade (which see) and declared themselves ready to march South." A despatch from Richmond said: If your state secedes we will send you troops and volunteers to aid you." "Placards are posted about the city," said a message from New Orleans, “calling a convention of those favorable to the organization of a corps of minute-men." A second message from Washington said: “Be firm; Lincoln's Election, EFFECT OF. It was not denied that the election had been fairly and le-a large quantity of arms will be shipped South gally conducted, or that the platform of the Republican party pledged the nominee and his supporters to absolute non-interference with the rights and domestic policy of the several states. During the canvass the friends of the slave system labored with great zeal in the creation of a "solid South," in opposition to the Republican party and its nominee. They asserted, with all the solemnity of seeming truth, that the people of the free-labor states, "grown rich and powerful through robbery of the people" of the slave-labor states, had elected a sectional President, for the purpose of carrying out a longcherished scheme of ambition-namely, the political and social subjugation of the people of the slave-labor states; the subversion of their from the arsenal here to-morrow. The President [Buchanan] is perplexed. His feelings are with the South, but he is afraid to assist them openly." "The bark James Grey, owned by Cushing's Boston Line, lying at our wharves," said a message from Charleston, "has hoisted the Palmetto flag and fired a salute of fifteen guns [the number of the slave-labor states], under the direction of her owner. The minutemen throng the streets, with Palmetto cockades in their hats. There is great rejoicing here." So, within thirty hours after the election of Mr. Lincoln, the fact was clearly revealed, by the unanimity of expressed sentiments among the Southern politicians in favor of disunion, that a scheme for the dissolution of the Union had been |