providing what we may, with all reverence, call its soul, without which the physical body would be a useless shell, and the great benefaction would fail of its obligation to humanity. It is due to those first Trustees, chosen by Mr. Hopkins, that we are gathered here this afternoon to do honor to the memory of the man, whom they in their wisdom chose to be the first President. It was because of their high ideals that Mr. Gilman came among us, and brought to this community his unselfish devotion and his untiring energy, and it seems proper that their names should be mentioned in this gathering. In speaking for the Board of Trustees, I feel that Mr. Gilman would wish. me to mention those, his early friends and comrades in the great work of his life, that they may, in memory, be present with us this afternoon. Those first Trustees were Galloway Cheston, Francis T. King, Lewis N. Hopkins, Thomas M. Smith, William Hopkins, John W. Garrett, George W. Dobbin, George Wm. Brown, James Carey Thomas, Charles J. M. Gwinn, Reverdy Johnson, Jr., and Francis White,-now all gone to that further land.

In May, 1875, Mr. Gilman began his work as first President of the Johns Hopkins University, being then not yet forty-four years of age, and on February the 22nd, 1876, at its first public gathering, he made his Inaugural Address. In this address were first published to the world, the ideals, the characteristics, the spiritual and intellectual attributes of the infant university. Up to that time it had possessed earthly attributes; from thence on it became a living, spiritual influence. What that influence was to be, can best be judged from Mr. Gilman's own words.

The new university was "to develop character-to make men." Its purport was "not so much to impart knowledge to the pupils as to whet the appetite, exhibit methods, develop powers, strengthen judgment, and invigorate the intellectual and moral forces; to prepare for the service of society a class of students who will be wise,

thoughtful, progressive guides in whatever department of work or thought they may be engaged; to impart a knowledge of principles, rather than of methods."

It was to stand for the doctrine that "religion claims to interpret the word of God, and science to reveal the laws of God;" that "the interpreters may blunder, but truths are immutable, eternal, and never in conflict." He chose as the motto of the University "The truth shall make you free."

He laid out a plan, capable of indefinite expansion and based upon the fundamental principles of human progress-a plan, which, after a third of a century, is to-day as pertinent, as vital, as the day it was first conceived. Across some of the items we can write "begun and well continued," but across no. one of them can we write "accomplished," for plans based on eternal principles are eternal. Methods and conceptions and knowledge may change, buildings rise and decay, teachers and students add their quota of interpretation and pass on, but the work, the real work, of a real university is never completed-and so he planned it.

The University was to be, in similitude, a shipyard where ideas and methods and influences are built with much toil, and, when ready for use, are launched out to do their part in the commerce of mankind, and when one is launched, the space it occupied in the building is immediately utilized to lay the keel for a new and larger craft, embodying the experience of all that has gone before, together with the new ideas since the last was planned.

It was therefore a matter of vital import that the University should be established along lines which would bear this test of eternal truth.

That the lofty standard established for the University was in a very great degree due to the personal character and influence of Mr. Gilman, may be seen if we consider how completely the ideals which he conceived for the

institution correspond to the purposes that swayed his own life.

In this same Inaugural Address, speaking of the worldwide discussion regarding the aims, methods, deficiencies, and possibilities of education, then engaging the attention of thoughtful men, he asks, "What is the significance of all this activity?" And he answers thus: "It is a reaching out for a better state of society than now exists; it is a dim but an indelible impression of the value of learning; it is a craving for intellectual and moral growth; it is a longing to interpret the laws of creation; it means a wish for less misery among the poor, less ignorance in the schools, less bigotry in the temple, less suffering in the hospital, less fraud in business, less folly in politics; it means more study of nature, more love of art, more lessons from history, more security in property, more health in cities, more virtue in the country, more wisdom in legislation, more intelligence, more happiness, more religion." To satisfy this cry of humanity was the labor of love which he set for the youthful University.

Did he not set the same task for himself? Let us consider these words of his, not as a plan of life for the University, but as a plan of life for himself. Consider his services to humanity, as known to us all, and see if the spiritual and intellectual character which he gave to this University was not part of his very self. Is it not true, then, that he erected a monument, not of brick and mortar, not of stone or marble, but of spirit-the spirit which was in him. And is it not meet that we should bring tribute-we, who both officially and personally may learn from him, not by precept alone, but also by example, how to attain to the motto of the wise men of old:

"Let us learn on Earth those things the knowledge of which will remain in Heaven."

ADDRESS

HENRY M. HURD, M. D., LL. D.

SUPERINTEndent of THE JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL

I desire to speak briefly in behalf of the Board of Trustees of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in regard to President Gilman's connection with that institution. Although the connection seemed fortuitous and almost accidental, it was fraught with benefits to the Hospital and prepared the way for intimate relations with the Medical School when it was later established. When in the winter of 1888-9 the Hospital, after twelve years of preparation, was approaching completion, there was on the part of the Trustees much uncertainty as to the best method of organizing the work and putting the institution into active operation. The President of the Board of Trustees, the late Francis T. King, who had been selected by Johns Hopkins to supervise the erection of the Hospital, and who had been wisely and sagaciously interested in the project, found himself unequal to the task of opening it for patients by reason of ill-health and advancing years. It was felt by all that the undertaking was of no ordinary proportions and called for the assistance of a skilled and wise organizer. One night as Mr. King lay sleepless and perplexed over the question of a proper person to undertake the work, the conviction suddenly came to him that President Gilman must do it. Later in my acquaintance, Mr. King often spoke of the relief which he felt when, shortly after, at his suggestion, the Trustees in January, 1889, formally appointed Mr. Gilman Director of the Hospital, and committed to him the task of providing the Hospital with "a system," as had been expressed in the report of one of the committees "a system which should serve as a guide to other institutions." He entered upon his new duties immediately with his usual ardor and energy. He familiar

ized himself with the literature of the subject and corresponded with experts both at home and abroad. He visited hospitals and large hotels in other cities to see their methods and details of management, and studied their kitchens, laundries, and linen-rooms. He inspected even such minor matters as table linen and napkins. Out of all this personal work he evolved a system of organization which has served excellently well ever since. I saw a very suggestive diagram a few days ago in which he portrayed visually, so that every one might clearly understand, the relations of trustees, chief executive officer, heads of departments, and employes. He assisted in the selection of medical officers; he saw personally and selected and recommended for appointment all subordinate officers and defined their duties and responsibilities; he familiarized himself with the proper spheres of the housekeeper, the purveyor and the superintendent of nurses, and "set their bounds," and thus secured har mony and co-operation. He thus spent several very active months until the whole machinery of the establishment was put in motion upon the opening day in May, 1889 and a well-ordered and inspiring day it was! He remained thereafter in daily attendance for many weeks and gave close attention to every detail of administration. I have in my possession several notices of routine appointments written for the bulletin board in his own clear and legible hand. He came often to the Hospital before breakfast, and on occasion spent a night there, and this, too, when burdened with University duties. To him we owe a system of internal administration with many novel features, which, as has been mentioned in the minute just read, have continued unchanged until now. I need not repeat what has been already so clearly stated.

His kindness of heart and keen sympathy with the poor and friendless led him to modify many stringent regulations then generally in force in other hospitals as to Sun