* Raphael.-This word has uniformly the accent on the first syllable throughout Milton, though Græcised by 'Paper); but the quantity is not so invariably settled by him; for in his Paradise Lost he makes it four times of three syllables, and twice of two: What is observed under Israel is applicable to this word. Colloquially we may pronounce it in two, as if written Raphel; but in deliberate and solemn speaking or reading, we ought to make the two last vowels to be heard separately and distinctly. The same may be observed of Michael, which Milton, in his Paradise Lost, uses six times as a word of three syllables, and eighteen times as a word of two only.

* Sabacıhani.-Some, says the editor of Labbe, place the accent on the antepenultimate syllable of this word, and others on the penultimate: this last pronunciation, he says, is most agreeable to the Hebrew word, the penultimate of which is not only long, but accented: and as this word is Hebrew, it is certainly the preferable pronunciation.

+ Sabaoth. This word should not be confounded in its pronunciation with Sabbath, a word of so different a signification. Sabaoth ought to be heard in three syllables, by keeping the a and o separate and distinct. This, it must be confessed, is not very easy to do, but is absolutely necessary to prevent a very gross confusion of ideas and a perversion of the sense.

1

* Satan.-There is some dispute among the learned about the quantity of the second syllable of this word when Latin or Greek, as may be seen in Labbe, but none about the first. This is acknowledged to be short; and this has induced those critics who have great knowledge of Latin, and very little of their own language, to pronounce the first syllable short in English, as if written Sattan. If these gentlemen have not perused the Principles of Pronunciation, prefixed to the Criţical Pronouncing Dictionary, I would take the liberty of referring them to what is there said, for full satisfaction, for whatever relates to deriving English quantity from the Latin. But for those who have not an opportunity of inspecting that work, it may, perhaps, be sufficient to observe, that no analogy is more universal than that which, in a Latin word of two syllables, with but one consonant in the middle, and the accent on the first syllable, leads us to pronounce that syllable long. This is, likewise, the genuine pronunciation of English words of the same form ; and where it has been counteracted we find a miserable attempt to follow the Latin quantity in the English word, which we entirely neglect in the Latin itself, (see Introduction, page xiii.) Cato and Plato are instances where we make the vowel a long in English, where it is short in Latin; and caligo and cogito, where we make the a and o in the first syllable short in English, when it is long in Latin. Thus if a word of two syllables, with one consonant in the middle and the accent on the first, which, according to our own vernacular analogy, we should pronounce as we do Cato and Plato, with the first vowel long: if this word happens to be derived from a word of three syllables in Latin, with the first short; this is looked

прод

upon as a good reason for shortening the first syllable of the English word, as in magic, placid, tepid, &c. though we violate this rule in the pronunciation of the Latin words caligo, cogito, &c. which, according to this analogy, ought to be cale-i-go, coge-i-to, &c. with the first syllable long.

This pedantry, which ought to have a harsher title, has considerably hurt the sound of our language, by introducing into it too many short vowels, and consequently rendering it less flowing and sonorous. The tendency of the penultimate accent to open and lengthen the first vowel in dissyllables, with but one consonant in the middle, in some measure counteracts the shortening tendency of two consonants, and the almost invariable shortening tendency of the antepenultimate accent; but this analogy, which seems to be the genuine operation of nature, violated by these ignorant critics from the pitiful ambition of appearing to understand Latin. As the first syllable, therefore, of the word in question has its first vowel pronounced short for such miserable reasons as have been shown, and this short pronunciation does not seem to be general, as may be seen under the word in the Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, we ought certainly to incline to that pronunciation which is so agreeable to the analogy of our own language, and which is, at the same time, so much more pleasing to the ear.- -(See Principles prefixed to the Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, No. 543, 544, &c. and the words Prama and Satire.)