B.C. 2333. Usertsen III. invaded Nubia and conquered it, and built strong forts near Wâdî Ḥalfa, Semnah, and other places on the Second and Third Cataracts. He was the first king to occupy the Sûdân. He set up at Semnah a stele inscribed with a decree by which the Nubians were prohibited from passing the Cataract without permission, and another stele in the inscription on which he described the Blacks as a contemptible and cowardly folk. A copy of the latter was set up in his fort at Gazîrat al-Malik; this is now in the Museum at Khartûm. He has been identified Greeks. He built a with the Sesostris of the pyramid at Dahshûr. 2300. Amenemḥāt III. During this king's reign special attention was paid to the rise of the Nile, and canals were dug and sluices made for irrigating the country; in this reign the famous Lake Moeris, in the district called by the Arabs Al-Fayyûm,* is said to have been made. The rise of the Nile was marked on the rocks at Semnah, about thirty-five miles above the Second Cataract, and the inscriptions are visible to this day. He built a pyramid at Ḥawâra, and the "Labyrinth." The famous Sphinxes which were usurped by the Hyksos kings were made for him, and some attribute the making of the Sphinx at Gîzah to his reign. 2266. Amenemhat IV. Sebek-neferut-Ra. Rā-au-ȧb. He may have been a son of Usertsen III, In Arabic, from the Coptic O, “the lake.” B. C. 2233 Dynasties XIII-XVII. The so-called Hyksos Period. According to Manetho these dynasties were as follows: Dynasty XIII., from Thebes, 60 kings in 453 years. Xoïs,* 76 XIV., XV., Hyksos, 6 ΙΟ XVII., from Thebes, 10 The Hyksos made their way from the countries in and to the west of Mesopotamia into Egypt. They joined with their kinsmen, who had already settled in the Delta, and succeeded in defeating the native kings; it is thought that Joseph arrived in Egypt towards the end of this period. The name Hyksos is derived from the Egyptian Hequ Shaàsu, i.e., “princes of the Shasu," or nomad tribes on the east and north-east of Egypt. Dynasty XIII., from Thebes. From the Monuments. Rā-sekhem-ka. A stele of this king is in the Ra-Amen-em-ḥāt. Ra-seḥetep-ȧb I. Ameni-Antef-Amen-em-ḥāt. A granite table of offerings dedicated by this king was found at Karnak. * A town in the Delta. Ra-semen-ka. Ra-sehetep-ȧb II. ...ka. Ră-netchem-ȧb. Rā-Sebek-hetep. Ren-seneb. Rā-au-ȧb. Ra-setchef- . . . Sebek-hetep I. This king carried out works at Bubastis. The heights of the Nile during the first four years of his reign are recorded on the rocks at Kummah in the Second Cataract. Rā-user-... Mer-Mashāu. Two statues of this king were found at Tanis by Mariette. Rā- . . . . -ka. Rā-user-set (?). Sebek-hetep II. His name is found on the Tablet of Karnak. Nefer-hetep. He restored the sanctuary of the temple of Abydos. Ra-Hethert-sa. Sebek-hetep III. Two gray granite statues of this king lie on the Island of Arkô, between the Third and Fourth Cataracts. Rā-kha-ka I. Sebek-hetep IV. Sebek-hetep V. Àā-ȧb I. Ai. Ànȧ. Ra-seankh-nefer-utu. Ra-mer-sekhem-ȧn-ren. Rā-s-. . . . -ka- . . . . -Heru-ȧ. [Six names wanting.] Ra-kha-ka II. Rā-.... Rā-mer-kheper. Ra-mer-kau, or Sebek-hetep VI. A statue of this king was found at Karnak. [Three names wanting.] [Rā]-... -mesu. Ábȧ. Rā-......-uben. [Four names wanting.] Rā-Neḥsi. A statue of this king was found by Mariette at Tell-Mukdam in the Delta. Ra-kha-kheru. Ra-neb-f-.... Àā-ȧb II. This king is mentioned on a stele in the British Museum. Dynasty XIV., from Xois, a city in the Delta. [Name wanting.] Rā-seuaḥ-en. Ra-sekheper-ren. Rā-seānkh-[ka]. Ra-nefer-Tem. Rā-sekhem- . . Rā-ka-... Ra-nefer-ȧb. Rā-ȧ- . . . . ..... Ra-nefer-ka-.. Rā-smen- . . . . Ra-mer-sekhem. [Two names wanting.] Ra-senefer-[ab]. Anȧb. Mariette found a stele of this king at Abydos. [Two names wanting.] Sebek-em-sa-f. A statue of this king was found at Abydos, and his funeral scarab, made of basalt set in gold, is in the British Museum. Sebek-em-sau-f. This king is mentioned on a large limestone cone in the British Museum. Rā-sesuser-taui. |