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No. 14. A passage was driven through this pyramid from the east to the west side, and a shaft cut through it from the top to the bottom, with the view of proving the impossibility of sepulchral chambers existing in the pyramids of Meroë as those who accepted Ferlini's statements thought. In 1903 we found the pit which led to the short corridor by which the deceased was taken into the sepulchral chamber beneath the pyramid.

No. 15. The remains of this pyramid were removed in 1903 to test the truth of the assertion that the sepulchral chamber was placed sometimes behind the chapel. Νο such chamber was found here, and the deceased was buried below his pyramid, as was always the case. When clearing out the shaft under the remains of the chapel, we found pieces of a blue-glazed altar inscribed in a Meroitic character; these are now in the Museum at Kharṭûm.

No. 16. This pyramid is unlike any other of the group, for the chapel is within the pyramid itself, its roof being formed by the stones of the sides of the pyramid, which project one over the other and so make the enclosed space vault-shaped.

No. 17. Pyramid of a Meroïtic king, of a late period,

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south wall, on which is a good representation of the king, wherefrom it is clear that he was of Negro origin, was removed to Berlin by Lepsius.

No. 18. An important and interesting ruin of the pyramid of King Amen-Khetashen (?)

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The

eastern face, which was standing in 1905, is nearly 40 feet high, and well-cut figures of the king are to be seen on each wing of the pylon. The Meroïtic inscription which Cailliaud

saw on the "face principal" of the building was removed to Berlin by Lepsius.

No. 19. Pyramid of king Tirikonlatu (?)

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that its builder was a Negro, and that he slew his enemies in the traditional manner.

No. 20. A well-built pyramid. Its shaft was excavated in 1903, and the burial place of the deceased found.

No. 21. A pyramid of little interest. A pole projects from the platform on the top; it was probably driven through it by searchers after the sepulchral chamber who thought it was situated at the top of the pyramid.

No. 22. Pyramid of Amen-netek

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Kheper - ka

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His wife was called Åmen - tarit

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, and both their
and both their names are found

on an altar which Lepsius removed from Wâd Bâ Nagaa to Berlin.

Nos. 23-26. These pyramids were excavated in 1903.
No. 27. Pyramid of a Meroïtic king, of a late date,

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No. 32. Pyramid of a queen; her name is wanting.

Nos. 33-36. Ruined pyramids.

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Nos. 37-39. (Lepsius' numbers). Already described (Nos. 16-18).

Nos. 40-43. Small pyramids excavated in 1903.

B. Southern Group.

These pyramids lie to the south-east of the northern group.

No. 1. Ruined pyramid. Many of its stones were used in the construction of the other pyramids.

No. 2. The chapel of this pyramid was undecorated with reliefs and is in ruins.

No. 3. This pyramid was removed in ancient days, and its chapel is in ruins.

No. 4. Pyramid of Queen Kenreth

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and Ka-nefert. In

the reliefs we see the gods Tat, Thoth, Horus, Anubis, Khnemu, and Qeb taking part in the funeral ceremonies of

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in which the ancient spirit and character of Egyptian art are

so well preserved.

No. 6. Pyramid of Årq-neb-Amen (S

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No. 7. This pyramid and its chapel are partially ruined.

No. 8. The chapel of this pyramid was pulled down to make room for No. 9.

No. 9. A complete pyramid, built of well-cut stones, with

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The other pyramids of this group are in ruins and nothing useful can be said about them.

C. The third group of pyramids, about forty in number, lies about a mile to the west of the northern and southern groups. They are half buried in sand, are unimportant, and many of them were built of stones taken from the southern group.

D. The fourth group of pyramids, about 112 in number, lies still farther to the west, on the edge of the desert, near the cultivable land by the river. Cailliaud called the group the "Pyramids of Aş-Şûr" and Lepsius "Group C." They varied in height from 10 to 60 feet, and the largest of them stood in walled enclosures. From two of them Lepsius obtained a stele and an altar bearing inscriptions in the Meroïtic character.

Between Kabûshîyah and Shendi the populous village of Taragma is passed at mile 460 from Ḥalfa.

Shendî, on the east bank of the river, 95 miles from the Atbara, was once a large town, containing several thousands of inhabitants, and possessing a considerable trade with the northern and southern provinces on the east bank of the Nile. In the year 1820 Muḥammad ‘Alî sent his son Ismâ'il Pâshâ with 5,000 soldiers to conquer Sennaar, and another force of about the same strength to conquer Kordôfân. Ismâ'il was successful in his mission, but the year following he was invited by Nimr, the Nubian king, to a banquet in his palace at Shendî, and during the course of the entertainment the palace was set on fire and

the Egyptian prince was burned to death. Muḥammad Bey at once marched to Shendî, and, having perpetrated awful cruelties upon nearly all its inhabitants, destroyed houses and gardens and property of every kind. Shendî was a Dervish stronghold for some years, but it was re-occupied by the Egyptian troops on March 26th, 1898. Here are the Headquarters of the Sûdân Cavalry.

Matammah, on the west bank of the Nile, 98 miles from the Atbara, had, in 1885, about 3,000 inhabitants, two or more mosques, and a market twice a week. In 1897 the Gaalîn Arabs in and about the town revolted against the Khalifa's authority, and having fortified the place they awaited the result. Mahmûd, by the Khalifa's orders, attacked it on July 1st, and after a three days' fight, all their ammunition being expended, the Gaalin were compelled to submit, for Mahmûd had surrounded the town with his troops. The victors promptly slew 2,000 men, and women and children were massacred mercilessly; the prisoners were drawn up in a line and treated thus the first was beheaded, the second lost a right hand, the third his feet, and so on until every man had been mutilated. The Gaalîn chief, 'Abd-Allah wâd Sûd, was walled up at Omdurman in such a position that he could neither stand nor sit, and was thus left to die of hunger and thirst (Royle, op. cit., p. 521). General Sir A. Hunter bombarded the town on October 16, 17, and November 3, 1897, and it was evacuated by Mahmûd in March, 1898.

About 20 miles south of Shendî, on the east bank, is the entrance to the Wâdî Bà Nagaa, and near it is a little village called Bå Nagaa; three miles down the river are the ruins of a small ancient Nubian temple, which, according to Hoskins, measured about 150 feet in length; it contained 6 pilasters about 5 feet square. The principal remains are two columns on which are figures of Bes in relief. Travelling in a south-easterly direction, and passing Gebel Buèrib,

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