Period from Kațêna on the White Nile; the sepulchral stele of "the holy and pious Jesus," Bishop of the Island of Sai, who sat for thirty-two years, and died at the age of eightytwo. When Sir Reginald Wingate has finished building the Museum for Antiquities, it is understood that all the above objects will be removed there.

In another portion of the building Dr. Andrew Balfour carries on his great work in the Wellcome Laboratory. Here the privileged visitor can be shown in full work the processes by the study of which he is enabled to work out the life history of mosquitoes and of bacilli of all kinds found in the Sûdân. His investigations into the causes of disease in man and beast in the Sûdân have always been attended with excellent results, and those who are qualified to pass an opinion on his special work declare that he has thrown much light on the maladies from which Sûdânî cattle suffer, and has shown the way to stamp them out. Led by him the "Mosquito Brigade" has done a great work in Kharțum itself, and there is far less malaria there now than there was in 1899. His work has gone on side by side with that of Colonel Stanton, the Governor, whose strict system of street scavenging has done much to turn Kharțûm into the pleasant town it now is in the winter months. Already the Gordon College is doing a work of much wider scope than was ever contemplated by its founder Lord Kitchener.

Near the War Office Sir Reginald Wingate has caused to be rebuilt the north wall of the chapel of Pyramid No. 11 (Group A), which he directed Mr. J. W. Crowfoot, Inspector of Education in the Sûdân, and myself to take down stone by stone in 1905. The reliefs on the wall illustrate the funeral ceremonies which were carried out at the burial of the great Queen, who was probably called Candace, and in them we see her making offerings to the gods of the Other World, and her soul being weighed in the Balance in the Hall of Osiris. These reliefs are of a very

elaborate character, and are well-preserved, and are the finest and most typical examples of Meroïtic funerary sculpture which have hitherto been discovered. The thanks

of all archæologists are due to Sir Reginald Wingate for removing these valuable antiquities to a place of safety.

In passing the garden of the Palace the visitor should not fail to notice the stone Ram, which was brought there from Sôba. It is a fine example of the animal which, at a very early period, was regarded as the form in which the Nubian Amen became incarnate.

Statue of General Gordon. This is a copy in bronze of the famous work by the late Mr. Onslow Ford, which was made for the Mess of the Royal Engineers at Chatham, and every one will rejoice that the kind and fearless defender of Khartum has been commemorated in such a worthy manner. The statue is at once the symbol of the triumph. of law and order over barbarism, of the resurrection of Khartum, and of the admiration of General Gordon's countrymen for a soldier who was, by universal consent, a brave, unselfish and great man.

General Gordon Pâshâ.

That he failed to carry out impossible orders, and to perform a work the magnitude and difficulty of which were

rightly appreciated neither by his official supporters nor himself, in no wise detracts from the merit of the splendid heroism of the gallant officer who was careful for everyone but himself, and who gave his life for the Sûdân.

The Mosque, which has been built by the Government at a cost of over £E.8,000 is a fine building, and is the largest in the Sûdân. The Zoological Gardens, under the direction of Mr. Butler, are not yet fully developed owing to lack of funds.

In conclusion a few words must be said about the wonderful progress which has been made in the Sûdân during the eight years which have passed since the re-occupation of the country by Egypt. Kharțûm, the capital, has been rebuilt, fine, broad roads and streets have been laid out, large, handsome buildings have been erected, and every part of the town bears witness to the existence of an effective, governing power in the land. Kharțûm has been brought into direct communication with the Red Sea, through the construction of the Nile-Red Sea Railway, and by the opening of the Karêma-Abû Ḥamed Line the produce of Dongola Province can find its way to the sea-coast, and to every part of the Sûdân. Telegraphs have been extended in all directions, postal and money-order offices have been established in nearly sixty towns, the Nile has been cleared of the Sudd, and services of steamers have been established. Old caravan roads have been cleared and new ones made, and posts have been founded and garrisons, to protect traders and prevent robbery. The survey of the country and the making of accurate maps have gone on steadily under the direction of Col. the Hon. M. G. Talbot, R.E., and now accurate itineraries can be obtained to all the chief places in the Sûdân. The slave trade has to all intents and purposes been stamped out, and there is reason to hope that in a generation or two domestic slavery will have become a thing of the past. The natives will find

out that it is cheaper to pay for labour, and then domestic slavery will cease. For administrative purposes the Sûdân has been divided into Fourteen Provinces, and where necessary the offices of the Government have been removed from the towns which were capitals of Provinces under the old Egyptian régime to others more suitable. Districts have been created in each Province in accordance with modern needs, and everywhere the rule of the British Inspectors and Sub-Inspectors, and native Ma'amûrs is effective. Trade is encouraged, life and property are, except in the remotest parts to the South, everywhere safe, and native beliefs and institutions are respected. Year by year since the re

conquest of the Sûdân the authorities have devoted much time to the settlement of disputes as to the ownership of land, and the general justice of their decisions is universally recognized. Under the able direction of Mr. Bonham Carter a system of justice suitable to the requirements of the people has been formulated, and the law is administered with far greater success and far fewer complaints than could have been expected. A police force, which in 1905 consisted of 1819 men, has also been established. The progress of Education in the country is noticed under the section on the Gordon College, and it may be added that the natives everywhere are beginning to value medical treatment, and to see that Western methods of treating small-pox, malaria, ophthalmia, etc., are successful. In some parts the natives eye the doctors with suspicion, but usually they go to the hospitals readily. As education advances they will certainly begin to understand the importance of precautionary measures and sanitation generally. The Government not only takes care of the human beings in the Sûdân, but also of its woods and forests, birds and animals, etc. The exigencies of war made it necessary to denude whole tracts of country of trees, which were burned to drive the steamers, but the wholesale destruction of forests is no longer possible,

and in 1905 about 130 square miles of forest were selected for reservation. The indiscriminate and wholesale slaughter of game is prohibited, and under the judicious regulations of the Game Ordinance many species of animals will be preserved for generations to come. The British officials in the Sûdân have proved that the Sûdân is not a "useless possession," and their constructive efforts must tend each

year to make it more and more prosperous. Everyone who will take the trouble to read Lord Cromer's " Reports" will realize that the great progress which has been made, is the result of hard work on the part of the officials, and of the practice of the strictest economy. The Revenue has grown from E.35,000 in 1898 to £E.569,000 in 1905, but the Expenditure has grown also, and the present solvency of the Sûdân is due largely to the sagacious skill of Colonel Bernard, the Financial Secretary to the Government. The efforts of the "small, but very capable band of officials," who have brought about the present state of development in the Sûdân, have been directed by Sir Reginald Wingate, the Sirdar and Governor-General of the Sûdân, who defeated and slew the Khalifa, and thus finally crushed Mahdiism in the Sudân. His profound and wide knowledge of Muḥammadans in Africa and of their language, religion, institutions, and manners and customs has enabled him to deal with native questions in a wholly masterly way, and his tact and sympathy have enabled him to obtain the best results from all who have worked with him, whether European or native. His efforts have been cordially seconded by Sir Rudolf von Slatin Pâshâ, whose unrivalled knowledge and unique experiences of Sûdâni peoples have peculiarly fitted him for his position as Inspector-General of the Egyptian Sûdân. Every plan for the development of the Sûdân which has been carried out has first received the approval and support of Lord Cromer, who has visited the country several times, and has