differences are obscured or even obliterated-a woman who is, in fact, a temperamental neuter. Economic conditions are compelling women to enter with men into the fierce competition of our disordered social State. Partly due to this reason, though much more, as I think, to the strong stirring in woman of her newly-discovered self, there has arisen what I should like to call an overemphasised Intellectualism. Where sex is ignored there is bound to lurk danger. Every one recognises the

significance of the advance in particular cases of women towards a higher intellectual individuation, and the social utility of those women who have been truly the pioneers of the new freedom; but this does not lessen at all the disastrous influence of an ideal which holds up the renunciation of the natural rights of love and activities of women, and thus involves an irreparable loss to the race by the barrenness of many of its finest types. The significance of such Intellectuals must be limited, because for them the possibility of transmission by inheritance of their valuable qualities is cut off, and hence the way is closed to a further progress. And, thus, we are brought back to that simple truth from which we started; there are two sexes, the female and the male, on their specific differences and resemblances blended together in union every true advance in progress depends -on the perfected woman and the perfected man.

CONTENTS OF CHAPTER IX

APPLICATION OF THE FOREGOING CHAPTER WITH SOME FURTHER REMARKS ON SEX DIFFERENCES

I.-Women and Labour

A further examination of the sexual differences-The knowledge we have gained does not enable us definitely to settle the problemThe necessity of considering Nurture-Woman's character to some extent the result of circumstance, to some extent organic— The difficulties of the problem-Standards of comparison-Incompleteness of our knowledge-New researches on sex-differencesThe confusion of opinions-Women and men different, but neither superior to the other-The position of women in society to-dayThe increasing surplus of women-How can a remedy be found?Woman's place in the home-The changes in modern conditionsWomen and labour-The damning struggle for life-Sweated work -Women's wages-The marketable value of woman's sex-This the explanation of the smallness of women's wages-The prostitute better paid than the worker-Woman's strength as compared with man's-Are women really the weaker sex?-Woman's work capacity equal to man's, but different-The Spanish womenThe intolerable conditions of labour in commercial countriesWomen more deeply concerned than men-The real value of women's work-This must be recognised by the State—The social service of child-bearing-The primary and most important work of women-The present revolt of women-How far is this justifiable-A caution and some reflections.

II.-Sexual Differences of the Mind and the Artistic Impulse in Women

The mental and psychical sexual differences-Ineradicability of theseCan they be modified or disregarded ?—The masculine and feminine intellectual qualities-Caution necessary in making any comparison-Example, a tenacious memory-Is this a feminine characteristic ?-Woman's intuition-Its value-Each sex contributes to the thought power of the other-The artistic impulse Is genius to be regarded as an endowment of the male ?-An examination

of the grounds for this view-Untenability of the opinion of the greater variational tendency of men-The question needs reopening-The influence of environment and training on woman's mind-What woman can, or can not, do as yet unproved-Woman's talent for diplomacy-The separation between the mental life of the sexes-The result on woman's mind-The revolt against repression-Woman as she is represented in literature-The woman of the future-Woman the cause of emotion in men-Part played by women in early civilisations-What men learnt from themWoman's emotional endowment-Her affectability and response to suggestion-These the qualities essential to success in the artsA comparison between the qualities of genius and the qualities of woman-This opens up questions of startling significance— What women may achieve in the future-Some suggestions as to the effect of the entrance of women into the arts.

III.-The Affectability of Woman-Its Connection with the Religious Impulse

Woman's aptitude for religion-Her need for a protection-Relation between the sexual and religious emotions-Deprivation of love and satiety of love the sources of religious needs-Religious prostitution-Religio-erotic festivals-Sexual mysticism in Christianity-The lives of the saints-Religious sexual perceptionsTheir influence on the emotional feminine character-A personal experience-The association between love and salvation-The same sense of the eternal in the religious and the sexual impulseAsceticism-Its origin in the sexual emotions-Preoccupation of the ascetic with sex needs-The transformation of the sex-impulse into spiritual activities-Examples-The modern ascetic-The fear of love-This the ultimate cause of the contempt of woman— Example of Maupassant's priest-In love the way of salvation.

CHAPTER IX

APPLICATION OF THE FOREGOING CHAPTER WITH SOME

FURTHER REMARKS ON SEX DIFFERENCES

I.-Women and Labour

"The fullest ideal of the woman-worker is she who works not merely or mainly for men as the help and instrument of their purpose, but who works with men as the instrument yet material of her purpose."GEDDES AND THOMPSON.

WHEN We come to consider the detailed differences between woman and man, a sharp separation of them into female qualities and male qualities no longer squares with the known facts. Any attempt to lessen the natural differences, as also to weaken at all the attractions arising from this divergence, must be regarded with extreme distrust. There is a real and inherent prejudice against the masculine woman and the feminine man. It is nevertheless necessary very carefully to discriminate between innate qualities of femaleness and maleness and those differences that have been acquired as the direct result of peculiarities of environmental conditions. It is certain that many differences in the physical and mental capacity of women must be referred not to Nature but to Nurture, i. e. the effects of conditions and training. Let me give one concrete case, for one clear illustration is more eloquent than any statement. Long ago Professor Karl Vogt pointed out that women were awkward manipulators. Thomas, in Sex and Society,

answers this well: "The awkwardness in manual manipulation shown by these girls was surely due to lack of practice. The fastest type-writer in the world is to-day a woman; the record for roping steers (a feat depending on manual dexterity rather than physical force) is held by a woman." I may add to this an example of my own observation. In a recent International Fly and Bait Casting Tournament, held at the Crystal Palace, a woman was among the competitors, and gave an admirable exhibition of skill in salmon fly-casting. In this competition she threw one cast 34 feet and two of 33 feet, making an aggregate of 100 yards, which gained her the prize over the male competitors. It has also been recently stated that women show equal skill with men in shooting at a target.

It is plain that the more we examine the question of sex-differences the more it baffles us. The only safeguard against utter confusion and idleness of thought is to fall back on the common-sense view that woman is what she is largely, because she has lived as she has, and further, that in the present transition no arbitrary rules may be laid down by men as to what she should, or should not, can, or cannot do. Even in fear of possible danger to be incurred, woman must no longer be "grandfathered." The scope of this chapter is to make this clear.

It is no part of my purpose, even if it were possible for me within the limits at my command, to enter into an examination of all the numerous statements and theories with regard to the real or supposed secondary sexual characters of woman. For though the practical