his penalty be life maintenance in the Prytaneum, of which he deemed his services to be worthy.

The situation of the Prytaneum is said by Pausanias to be near the Aglaurium. Since he descends thence "to the lower parts of the city" and turns eastward, and since from the Prytaneum there was a street leading around the east end of the Acropolis (p. 180), the Prytaneum must have lain on the slope, a little to the east of the Aglaurium, somewhere near the ruined chapel of St. Nicholas. Some reason exists for the belief that the building that Pausanias saw was one of Roman date and that the earlier site was by the Ancient Agora (p. 83); the establishment goes back into the regal period of the city.

The laws of Solon, which were preserved in the Prytaneum, were engraved on axones, or revolving stone tablets; whether these were like the wedges set up in the Royal Stoa, or not, we do not know. The Autolycus, whose statue Pausanias saw, was the athletic youth in whose honor the banquet described in the Symposium of Xenophon was held; his victory in the pancratium was won in 422 B.C., and the statue was probably the work of Leochares. Besides the statues mentioned above was one of Demochares, the nephew of Demosthenes, and, near the Prytaneum, one of Good Fortune; the latter was so beautiful that, as Aelian states, a certain young man fell violently in love with it.

Behind the Prytaneum, perhaps to the west, since the site was on the slope of the Acropolis, was Hunger Plain (Limoupedion); and near by were the Basileum and the Bucoleum, where in the days of Draco the king archon lived, and where down into the fourth century the symbolic marriage of the wife of the king with Dionysus was celebrated. But these sites, too, may have been near the Ancient Agora.

"As you go hence to the lower parts of the city is a sanctuary of Serapis." Serapis was an Egyptian divinity, whose worship was introduced into Athens in the time of Ptolemy Philadelphus. Inscriptions relating to his worship have been found near the Metropolitan Church and at the northeast corner of the Acropolis. The Serapeum may have been at or near one of these points, or between them.

"Not far from the sanctuary of Serapis is a place where Peirithous and Theseus are said to have made a compact before they went to Lacedaemon and afterwards to the Thesprotians." The agreement related to the rape of Helen from Sparta. The place to which Pausanias refers cannot be located.

"Near by is built a temple of Eileithyia," the goddess of childbirth. Various inscriptions of the divinity have been found, but the places of discovery are so scattered that the temple cannot be located.

Before leaving this quarter we must notice the Gymnasium of Diogenes the Macedonian, not the Cynic, philosopher where, as Plutarch says (Quaest. symp. 9, 1, 1), the ephebi studied "letters and geometry and rhetoric and music," the ordinary routine of ancient education. A large number of ephebic inscriptions have been found near the ruined church of Demetrios Katiphores, but no building; probably the Diogeneum was in the vicinity.

Most of this region was occupied in antiquity, as at the present time, by private houses. Some shrines and niches. are to be seen halfway up the slope of the Acropolis, but the whole quarter awaits excavation.

From the vicinity of the Prytaneum two roads ran eastwards. Pausanias first pursues the more northerly of these, and passes to Southeast Athens.

CHAPTER VI

SOUTHEAST ATHENS

THE most notable building of Southeast Athens (Figs. 87 and 88) is the Olympieum, the largest temple in Greece

and one of the largest in the ancient world; only a few temples in Magna Graecia and Asia Minor are larger. Pausanias's description is prolix and ill-articulated: "Before coming to the sanctuary of Olympian Zeus (Hadrian, the king of the Romans, dedicated both the temple and the statue, which is worth seeing, since it surpasses in size all other statues alike except the colossi of Rhodes and of Rome, and is made of ivory and gold, and, considering its size, is of good workmanship) there are two statues of

Hadrian in Thasian and two in Egyptian marble; and before the columns are bronze images which the Athenians call 'Colonies.' The entire inclosure is about four stades in circuit and full of statues; for from each city is dedicated an image of King Hadrian, and the Athenians outdid them all by dedicating the colossus, worth seeing, behind the temple. In the inclosure are some ancient works, a bronze Zeus, a temple of Cronus and Rhea, and a precinct of Earth surnamed Olympian. The ground here is cleft for about a cubit, and they say that after the flood, which occurred in the time of Deucalion, the water ran off here, and every year they cast into the chasm wheaten bread kneaded with honey. Upon a column is set up a statue of Isocrates. . . Here, too, are Persians of Phrygian marble supporting a bronze tripod, both men and tripod worth seeing. They say that Deucalion built the ancient sanctuary of Olympian Zeus, and they point out, as proof of the fact that Deucalion lived at Athens, a grave not far distant from the present temple." Here follows the enumeration of Hadrian's other buildings in Athens, which have been discussed in another connection (pp. 144, 148).

Excavation in the central area of the Olympicum revealed a primitive cross-wall, which may belong to the sanctuary ascribed by tradition to Deucalion. Other walls which were found have been thought to be a part of the great temple begun by Peisistratus about 530 B.C.; this is the work at which, according to Aristotle, Peisistratus kept the people busy for years, after the manner of the builders of the pyramids of Egypt and the works of the tyrants of Corinth and Samos, so as to prevent their murmuring over his rule. The cella of this temple was of a slightly different orientation from that of the later buildings; it is estimated to have been 116 by 50 feet in dimensions. It was doubtless Doric