have any such conceptions, whether God is under any or what limitations, and so on, as I am persuaded that nothing but good can result from free discussion. Sixth, The lectures Lectures shall be public and popular, that is, open not only to to be popustudents of the Universities, but to the whole community lar, &c. without matriculation, as I think that the subject should be studied and known by all whether receiving University instruction or not. I think such knowledge, if real, lies at the root of all wellbeing. I suggest that the fee should be as small as is consistent with the due management of the lectureships, and the due appreciation of the lectures. Besides a general and popular audience, I advise that the lecturers also have a special class of students conducted in the usual way, and instructed by examination and thesis, written and oral. Seventh, As to the number of the lectures, Number of much must be left to the discretion of the lecturer, I should lectures. think the subject cannot be treated even in abstract in less than twenty lectures, and they may be many times that number. Eighth, The 'patrons' if and when they see fit Publicamay make grants from the free income of the endowments tion of for or towards the publication in a cheap form of any of the lectures, or any part thereof, or abstracts thereof, which they may think likely to be useful. Ninth, The 'patrons' re- Accounts spectively shall all annually submit their accounts to some one chartered accountant in Edinburgh, to be named from annually. time to time by the Lord Ordinary on the Bills, whom failing, to the Accountant of the Court of Session, who shall prepare and certify a short abstract of the accounts and investments, to be recorded in the Books of Council and Session, or elsewhere, for preservation. And my desire and hope is that these lectureships and lectures may promote and advance among all classes of the community the true knowledge of Him Who is, and there is none and nothing besides Him, in Whom we live and move and have our being, and in Whom all things consist, and of man's real relationship to Him Whom truly to know is life everlasting. If the residue of my estate, in the sense before defined, should turn out insufficient to pay the whole sums above provided for the four lectureships (of which shortcoming, however, I trust there is no danger), then each lectureship shall suffer a propor lectures. to be audited If surplus after paying the Universities, One half to H. J. Gifford in tional diminution; and if, on the other hand, there is any surplus over and above the said sum of £80,000 sterling, it shall belong one half to my son, the said Herbert James Gifford, in liferent, and to his issue other than the heirs of entail in fee, whom failing, to my unmarried nieces equally in fee; and the other half shall belong equally among my unmarried nieces. And I revoke all settlements and codicils previous to the date hereof if this receives effect, providing that any payments made to legatees during my life shall be accounted as part payment of their provisions. And I conunmarried sent to registration hereof for preservation, and I dispense with delivery thereof.-In witness whereof, these presents, written on this and the six preceding pages by the said Adam West Gifford, in so far as not written and filled in by my own hand, are, with the marginal notes on pages four and five (and the word 'secluding' on the eleventh line from top of page third, being written on an erasure), subscribed by me at Granton House, Edinburgh, this twenty-first day of August Eighteen hundred and eighty-five years, before these witnesses, James Foulis, Doctor of Medicine, residing in Heriot Row, Edinburgh, and John Campbell, cab driver, residing at No. 5 Mackenzie Place, Edinburgh. nieces. Testing Clause. James Foulis, M.D., Heriot Row, Edinburgh, witness. John Campbell, cab driver, 5 Mackenzie Place, witness. AD. GIFFORD. Definition of religion, why wanted.-Great differences in defining religion.-Is Buddhism a religion?-Definition of definition.-Etymological definition. - Historical definition.— Dogmatic definition.-Etymological definition of religio.-His- torical definition of religio.-Later meanings of religio.-Dogmatic definitions.-Religion and theology.-Dogmatic and practical Natural and revealed religions.-Comparative theology.- 'Natural Religion.' - Goethe. - Mill. - Spinoza, 1632-77. Wundt.-Feuerbach.-Gruppe.-Selfishness as source of re- ligion.—Gruppe's definition too narrow.-Universality of religion.-Angle of vision.-Darwin on Tierra del Fuego.— Niebuhr and Bunsen.-Lubbock v. Quatrefages.-Preconceived ideas.-Names for religion.-Words for religion in Chinese; in MY OWN DEFINITION OF RELIGION. Is Buddhism a religion ?-Buddhism, as theoretical, not in- cluded under any definition.-Mâlunkya-putta and Bud- dha.-Yamaka, on life after death.-Dialogue between the king of Kosala and the nun Khemâ.-Buddhism, as practical, not included under any definition.-The doctrine of Karma.- Definition of religion.-Religion an experience.-Experience consists of sensations, percepts, concepts, and names.—Sensa- tion and perception inexplicable.-The working of our mind.— No percept without language; Helmholtz.-Perceptions always finite.-Finite and definite -The finite implies the infinite.— The infinite in space.-The infinite in time.-The infinite as cause.—Misunderstandings.—Savages without words for finite and infinite.—The Duke of Argyll's definition of religion.- Early names of the infinite.-Mana.-Manito.-Does the Vedic religion begin with sacrifice ?-Germs of the infinite in the THE INFINITE IN NATURE, IN MAN, AND IN THE SELF. Positivist objections.-Historical evolution.-Positivist point the infinite led to religious ideas.-Tangible, semi-tangible, intangible objects.- Trees.- Mountains. — Rivers.- Earth.— Clouds, stars, moon, sun, sky.-Demi-gods and great gods.-The infinite in man as an object.-The something behind man.— The infinite behind man.-Religious ideas springing from it.- Animism.—Seelencult.-Strange names; Totemism.--The infinite in man as a subject.-Psychological deities.-Sense, imagina- Religious character.-Religion and science.-What imparts a religious character.-Moral influences of physical phenomena.- Vedic prayers.-Early morality.-Moral influence of ancestral spirits. -Ancestral law in China.-Moral influence of psycho- logical deities.-Temple to Mens. - Eros and Psyche.- Con- science.- Remorse.-Have we a conscience ?-Sacrifices an Criticisms of my definition.-Pfleiderer.-Gruppe.-Religion a psychological necessity.-History v. Theory.—Theory.—Caus- alitas.-Eminentia.-Negatio.- Cosmological, teleological, ontologi. cal arguments.-Historical method.-Archaeology.-Theoretic school,-Historical school.-Study of language.-Historical school.-Acutus.-Theoretic school.- Brinton on palaeolithic language.-Advantages of both theories.-Science of religion.— HISTORICAL TREATMENT OF RELIGIOUS QUESTIONS. Is religion possible?-History and theory inseparable.- |