Natural Religion - Friedrich Max Müller - Google Books

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Philosophical treatment.-Vision in the Bhagavadgitâ.—

Revelation.-Historical traces in the Veda.-The old problems

in their simpler form

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS.

Modern problems to be traced back.-Creation. -The logic of

facts. Cosmological argument. — Aryan savages. —Why ?—

Answers to the cosmological question.-Emanation.-Emana-

tion or srishti.-Golden egg. Teleological argument.-An-

thropomorphism.-Ontological argument.-A creator.-Origin

of the idea of cause.--Religions without a creator.-The

theory of evolution.—Meaning of evolution.-Darwin admits a

creator.-Herder, the precursor of Darwin.-Evolution in the

beginning of our century.-Gottfried Hermann.-Kant on

the Chimpanzee. Darwin. Oken. Reaction. Historical

school, its true character.-Stanley.-Necessity of an historical

study of religion.-Criticisms answered

MATERIALS FOR THE STUDY OF NATURAL RELIGION.

Language, Myth, Customs and Laws, Sacred Books.-Lan-

guage as evidence.-Survey of languages.-ARYAN FAMILY.—

English. -Veda = oîda.—Anglo-Saxon. Gothic.- Continental

Saxon.-Scandinavian.-Thorr and Thursday.-Týr and Tues-

day. —Wodan and Wednesday. — High German. — Celtic. -

Italic. Hellenic. - Slavonic. - North-Western Division. -

South-Eastern Division.-Indic class, Vedic Hymns, Brâh-

manas, Sûtras, Pâninean Sanskrit.-Inscriptions of Piyadasi,

third century B. C.-Buddhist Sanskrit.-Renaissance of San-

skrit literature.-Prâkrit.-Vernaculars.-Sacred Books.-Iranic

class. - Cuneiform Persian inscriptions. — Pehlevi. — Bask,

Etruscan.-SEMITIC FAMILY.-Aramaic.—Chaldaic and Syriac.

-Hebraic.-Arabic.-Ethiopic

PRINCIPLES OF CLASSIFICATION.

Languages not Aryan and not Semitic.-Morphological

classification.- Genealogical as different from morphological ·

classification.-Degrees of relationship.-Morphological classifi-

cation.-Radical stage.- - Terminational stage. - Inflectional

stage.-Transitions from one stage to another.-Chinese.—

Rask's and Prichard's classification.-Vocalic harmony.

LANGUAGES NOT ARYAN AND NOT SEMITIC.

The Ural-Altaic family.-Samoyedic.-Altaic languages.—

Tungusic class. - Mongolic class. - Turkic class.- Turkish

grammar. Finno-Ugric class.- Fins.- Estonians.-Tamulic

languages.-Munda languages.-Taic languages.-Gangetic lan-

guages.-Lohitic languages.-Languages of Farther India.—

Languages of the Caucasus.-Egyptian.-Africa.-America.-

Oceanic languages.-Malay.-Polynesia.-Melanesia

LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT.

What should we be without language.-Definition of think-

ing. What are we thinking of ?-Thinking in German or

English. Why we cannot think without words.-Communica-

tion, not language.-Images.—Involuntary and voluntary

sounds. The Bow-wow, Pooh-pooh, and Yo-heho theories.-

Roots.-Words derived from conceptual roots.-Are concepts

possible without words?-Berkeley.-Process of naming.—Origin

of concepts.-Former theories.-The clamor concomitans.-The

conceptual foundation of language.-Our conceptual world 351-384

Lessons of language.-Roots express our acts.-Some acts

conceived as passive. Subjective acts predicated of other

agents. Subjective acts predicated of objects.-Dynamic stage.

-Animism.—Egypt.-Semitic names.—Finland.-Hidatsas in

North America.-Growth of language.-Causality.-Objections

answered.-Gender.-Dyaus, as a masculine.

B

Myths. Meaning of mythology.-Etymology of pulos.-Myth,

a word. Eos.-Mythology universal.-Comparative mythology

and its three divisions.-Comparative philology.-Etymological

school.-Analogical school.-Psychological school.-Compara-

tive mythology.-A. Barth.-Etymological school.-Analogical

school.-Psychological school.-I. The Etymological School.—

Names of gods.-Dialectic varieties.-Obsolete names.-The

Dawn.-Religious germs.-Moral germs.-Ahanâ = Athene.--

Daphne.- Benfey's theory of Athene

THE GENEALOGICAL SCHOOL.

Identification and comparison.-Sarad and Ceres.-Mytho

logical etymologies.-Changes in the character of gods.-Acci-

dental similarities of names.-Foreign gods.-Mythological

names which admit of no etymology.-The names of gods.--

The etymological meaning must be physical.-Learned and

popular etymologies of Greeks and Romans. - Haritas and

Charites.-Fors, Fortuna.-Nomina and cognomina

THE ANALOGICAL AND PYSCHOLOGICAL SCHOOLS.

II. The Analogical School.-Characters common to gods and

heroes of different names.-Rudra, Apollon, Wuotan.-Myths

agreeing in one and differing in other names.-Varuna and

Ormazd. — III. The Psychological School. — Völker-psycho-

logie.-Advantages in England, India, Colonies, Missionary

Societies. Work done in America.-The true meaning of

ON CUSTOMS AND LAWS.

Materials for the study of customs and laws.-Customs based
on religious ideas.-Customs generating religious ideas.-Sol-

lennis.-Annual festivals.-Istar and Tammuz.-Zeus Xenios.

-How customs should be studied.

What is a sacred book ?-The five birthplaces of sacred

books. Survey of sacred books.-India.-The Veda.-Bud.

dhism. Influence of the Kshatriyas, the nobility. - Media

and Persia. - China. - Palestine. Judaism. - Christianity.

-Mohammedanism.-The Eight Religions.-Book-religions.—

The invention of writing.-Influence of writing on religion.-

Individual and national religions.-Mohammed.— Christ.—

Buddha.- Confucius.—Lao-zze.-Zoroaster.- Moses.— Sacred

books, when consigned to writing.-The founders of religions

are never the writers of sacred books.-The Veda originally not

written. The Avesta originally not written.-The Tripitaka

not Buddha's work.-Confucius, writer, not author, of the

Kings. The Old Testament.-The New Testament.-Mohammed

could neither read nor write.-Religions with and without

sacred books.-Conclusion

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