Questions on the History of India.

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319. In what part of India did a terrible famine occur in 1865; how was it caused and what mortality is reported to have happened in consequence?

320. What administrative reforms were carried out during Sir John Lawrence's rule?

321. Mention some of the most important legislative enactments passed during his administration.

322. State in what respect education has advanced among the natives of British India from 1852 up to 1869, and what number of educational institutions of all kinds existed in the former and also in the latter year?

323. Where are the principal hill sanitaria to be found in British India ? mention in what Presidency or Province each is situate.

A GLOSSARY OF USEFUL INDIAN

WORDS.

Ana, the sixteenth part of a rupee, or about three halfpence.

Bangla (Bungalow), a word usually applied to the houses
of Europeans in India.

Banian (properly Bunnia), a Hindū merchant.
Begum, a lady of rank, a queen or princess.

Bhātā (Batta), an extra allowance to public servants or
troops when employed on special duty.

Brinjaris, the hereditary and professional carriers of
India.

Caste, class, sect, from the Portuguese word casta, a race.
Chāwadi, native rest-house for travellers. Choultrie is

an English corruption of this word.
Chout, a fourth of the revenues of a country exacted by
the Marattas.

Compound, an enclosure, a corruption of the Malay word
"Kampong."

Cowrie, the lowest coin in value in India; a shell.
Darbar (Durbar), a royal court; an audience or levee.
Daroga, a superintendent of police.

Diwān, a royal court; a minister, especially the chief
financial minister.

Diwāni, the management of the revenue.

Diwani Court, a court of civil justice.

Dūāb, a country lying between any two rivers.

Fakir, poor; a religious man who has taken a vow of

poverty.

Firman, an imperial grant, order, or charter.

Foujdar, a commander of military police; a criminal judge.

A Glossary of useful Indian Words.

251

Ghāt (Ghaut), a landing-place; steps on a river side; a mountain leading up like a step to a table-land. Gold Mohur, a coin worth about thirty-two shillings. Huzur, the royal presence; a respectful term applied to collectors, judges, or other high officials.

Jāgir, a tenure by which the public revenues of an estate, &c. were granted to an individual as a reward for services done to a government.

Jāgirdar, the holder of a Jagir.

Jezzia, the poll-tax imposed by Mahomedans on persons not of their own persuasion.

Kacheri, a court or office for public business.

Khān, a title of nobility answering to the English "Lord." Khandi (Candy), a measure of weight and capacity. In. Madras 500 lbs.; in Bombay = 560 lbs.

Khind, a narrow pass between mountains.

Kiladar, the commander of a fort.

Krore, ten millions of rupees; one million sterling.
Kūli (Cooly), a day labourer.

Lak (Lac), the number 100,000; £10,000.

Māhārāni, a queen, princess.

Mir (Amir), commander; a title of princes and nobles, as the Mirs of Sindh.

Monsoon, a corruption of the Arabic word " mausim" a season; applied now to the periodical rains in India. Mun (Maund), a weight varying in different parts of India.

In Bombay it is 25 lbs. ; in Bengal 873 lbs. since 1833. Munshi, a writer, a secretary, a teacher of languages. Münsiff, a civil judge of the lowest grade (now called “subordinate judge.")

Naik, an officer in native armies corresponding to a corporal.

Nizām, an arranger; a title of the prince whose capital is Heiderabad in the Dekhun.

66

Nuwāb, literally means deputies," and is the plural of "Naib" a deputy. It is now a title of governors.

Pagoda, a corruption of the word "but-kadah" an idol temple; also a Madras coin worth from seven to eight shillings.

Pālegar (Polygar), a shareholder, a landed proprietor. A title of native chiefs in the Madras Presidency.

Peons, an Anglican corruption of the word "piyādah" footman.

Peshkash, tribute; an offering from an inferior to a superior.

Pēta, a native town or suburb.

Pice, corruption of the word "paisa," of which 64 go to

Rājā, a Hindū king, or prince

Rāni, the wife of a Rājā, a queen or princess.

Rupee, a coin valued at about two shillings.

Ryot, a corruption of the word "raiyat," a subject, a peasant.

Seer, a weight ranging from 12 oz. to 2 lbs.

Sepoy (Sipahi), a native soldier.

Shah, a king; the title usually applied to the king of Persia.

Shastras, the sacred writings of the Hindus.

Sirdar, a chief.

Sir-dēshmukhi, the tenth of the produce exacted by the Marattas.

Subah, a Province and Subedar, a governor of a Province. Sunnud, a patent for office.

Tahsildar, a native collector of revenue.

Talūk, a district; a division of a province.

Umra, a Mahomedan noble.

Vakil, an envoy or representative; an attorney.

Vazir, a prime minister.

Zanānā, a harem.

Zila (Zillah), a province or tract constituting the jurisdic

tion of a circuit judge.

Zumindar, a landed proprietor.

INDEX.