the idea of a ruinous temple; (p. 155;) and in Bishop Sherlock's discourses, a fine and much admired piece of eloquence, where the character of our blessed Lord is contrasted with that of the impostor Mohammed, (vol. i, p. 271,) though perhaps neither of them can be properly classed as pathetic pieces.

Where shall we find many passages more excellent and pathetic in their kind, than Dr. Grosvenor's sermon, entitled "the Temper of Jesus towards his Enemies?"

The ingenious Dr. Knox has the following sensible observations on the pathetic style, particularly as it is to be found in Scripture, and in the works of Sterne :

"There must be a charm added by the creative power of genius, which no didactic rules can teach, which cannot be adequately described, but which is powerfully felt by the vibrations of the heart-strings, and which causes an irresistible overflowing of the Aакрvшv πnyai, the sacri fontes lachrymarum.

"Florid diction and pompous declamation are, indeed, found to be the least adapted of all modes of address to affect the finer sensibilities of nature. Plain words, without epithets, without metaphors, without similes, have oftener excited emotions of the tenderest sympathy, than the most laboured composition of Corneille. A few words of simple pathos will penetrate the soul to the quick, when a hundred lines of declamation shall assail it as feebly and ineffectually as a gentle gale the mountain of Plinlimmon.

"A writer of taste and genius may avail himself greatly in pathetic compositions, by adopting the many words and phrases remarkable for their beautiful simplicity, which are interspersed in that pleasing, as well as venerable book, the Holy Bible. Besides its astonishing simplicity, it has many a passage exquisitely tender and pathetic.

"Throughout all the works of Sterne, there are interspersed exquisite touches of the pathetic. His pathetic stories are greatly admired. The pathetic was the chief excellence of his writings; his admirers will be displeased if we were to add, that it is the only one

which admits of unalloyed applause."-Knox's Essays, No. 145.

"Sterne, who, though he is justly condemned for his libertinism, possessed an uncommon talent for the pathetic, has availed himself greatly of the Scriptural language. In all his most affecting passages he has imitated the turn, style, manner, and simplicity of the sacred writers, and in many of them has transcribed whole sentences. He found no language of his own could equal the finely expressive diction of our common translation. I will quote only one or two instances of his imitations of Seripture, taken from the most admired pieces in the tender style :'Maria, though not tall, was, nevertheless, of the first order of fine forms. Affliction had touched her looks with something that was scarce earthly, and so much was there about her of all that the heart wishes, or the eye looks for in woman, that could the traces be ever worn out of her brain, or those of Eliza out of mine, she should not only eat of my bread, and drink of my cup, but Maria should lie in my bosom, and be unto me as a daughter.' Adieu, poor luckless maiden! imbibe the oil and wine which the compassion of a stranger, as he sojourneth on his way, now pours into thy wounds. The Being who has twice bruised thee, can only bind them up for ever.' Again, in his de seription of the captive:-'As I darkened the little light he had, he lifted up a hopeless eye towards the door, then cast it down, shook his head, and went on with his work of affliction. I heard his chains upon his legs, as he turned his body to lay his little stick upon the bundle. He gave a deep sigh. I saw the iron enter into his soul.' It would be easy to adduce many other instances, in which a writer, who eminently excelled in the power of moving the affections, felt himself unequal to the task of advancing the style of pathos to its highest perfection, and sought assistance of the Bible."-Knox's Essays, No. 154.

For more instances of the pathetic sort, the reader is referred to Sterne's well-known story of "Le "The Fevre," in which is that beautiful passage, accusing spirit which flew up to heaven's chancery

with the oath, blushed as he gave it in; and the recording angel, as he took it down, dropped a tear upon the word and blotted it out for ever."-Tristram Shandy, vol. iii, c. 49. To this may be added the story of "Maria," in vol. iv, c. 83; and the affecting and beautiful story of "La Roche," in the Mirror, vol. ii, pp. 39-62, also, the story of "Mercator," in the Adventurer.

To these may not be improperly added a specimen of affecting eloquence in an American Indian. "I may challenge," says Mr. Jefferson, "the whole orations of Demosthenes and Cicero, and of any more eminent orators, if Europe has furnished more eminent, to produce a single passage superior to the speech of Logan, a Mingo chief, to Lord Dunmore, when governor of Virginia. The following incidents that occurred in the spring of the year 1774, were the occasion of it. A robbery and murder had been committed on the inhabitants of the frontiers of Virginia, by two Indians. The neighbouring whites, according to their custom, undertook to punish this outrage in a summary way. A party was collected, and proceeded in quest of vengeance. Unfortunately, a canoe of women and children, with one man only, was seen coming from the opposite shore, unarmed, and unsuspecting a hostile attack from the whites. The moment the canoe reached the shore, the white party, who had been concealed, singled out their objects, and at one fire killed every person in it. This happened to be the family of Logan, who had been long distinguished as a friend of the whites. This unworthy return provoked his vengeance. He accordingly signalized himself in the war which ensued. A decisive battle was soon afterwards fought, in which the Indians were defeated, and sued for peace. Logan, however, disdained to be seen among the suppliants. But lest the sincerity of a treaty should be distrusted, from which so distinguished a chief absented himself, he sent by a messenger the following speech, to be delivered to Lord Dunmore:

'I appeal to any white man to say if ever he entered Logan's cabin hungry, and he gave him not

SECTION LVII.

OF THE PERORATION.

Ir pathos be requisite in a Christian discourse, it is undoubtedly in the peroration. There the orator ought to set in motion all the springs of sensibility, and to strike the greatest strokes of eloquence.

sions.

All moral subjects tend to pathetic concluThe attention of the auditory, which always revives towards the close of the sermon, invites the Christian minister to finish instruction by moving and energetic representations, which may powerfully affect the conscience, and leave an indelible impression upon every mind.

meat: if ever he came cold and naked, and he clothed him not.

'During the course of the last long and bloody war, Logan remained idle in his cabin, an advocate for peace. Such was my love for the whites, that my countrymen pointed, as they passed, and said, Logan is the friend of white men. I had even thought to have lived with you, but for the injuries of one man. Colonel Cresap, the last spring, in cold blood, murdered all the relations of Logan, not sparing even my women and children. There runs not a drop of my blood in the veins of any living creature. This called on me for revenge. I have sought it: I have killed many! I have glutted my vengeance. For my coun try, I rejoice at the beams of peace. But do not harbour a thought that mine is the joy of fear, Logan never felt fear, He will not turn on his heel to save his life. Who is there to mourn for Logan? No one."- Jefferson's History of Virginia.

Some rhetoricians have laid it down as an established maxim in the art of oratory, to recapitulate, in this part of the discourse, the principal arguments, and to offer an analysis. of them.

I am bold to object to this method, which neither Demosthenes nor Cicero ever followed.

If this recapitulation of the proofs ought to terminate a discourse, ought it not especially to be adopted at the bar?

It would be to no purpose to object to me here the example of Cicero, in his beautiful oration against Verres. The orator successively invokes, in his peroration, all the gods and goddesses, whose temples this robber had pillaged, and by this means he draws a more striking picture of his profanations. But what then? Are those sublime apostrophes an analysis of his pleading?

Cicero had proved, at the beginning, that Verres had no military genius, and that he was equally incapable of commanding a fleet or an army; he had afterwards gone over the excesses of his debaucheries, his avarice, and his cruelties towards the Roman citizens, whom he caused to be crucified upon the coasts of Sicily, their faces being turned from the Roman shore.

Now Cicero omits all these outrages at the conclusion of his discourse, and only reproaches the accused with his sacrileges.

It is not therefore true that the Roman