not be used alone to form a complete sentence. two clauses together, however, make good sense: Good citizens answer when duty calls. The Which is the more important of the two? Give a reason for your answer. Try with 2 and 3 the same experiment that you have just tried with the clauses of 1. Decide in each case which of the two clauses is the more important and give reasons. Notice that some sentences are made up of two or more clauses which are not all of equal importance. Each of these three sentences contains one clause which depends upon the other clause of the sentence for its meaning. You have noticed in each of these three cases that the less important clause fails to make sense by itself, and that, if it were not used in connection with the more important clause, it could not be used at all. For this reason you call the less important clause a dependent or subordinate clause. Subordinate means "placed in a lower position." The more important clause you call the principal or independent clause. A subordinate or dependent clause expresses a thought which must be used in connection with the principal part of the sentence; that is, it is a clause which depends upon its principal clause for existence. A principal clause expresses a thought completely. A complex sentence is one made up of a principal clause and one or more subordinate or dependent clauses. In the following complex sentences select the sub ordinate clauses, tell why they are subordinate, and whether they are used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs: 1. The British soldier trembles when Marion's name is told. 2. Sweet is the hour that brings release from danger. 3. Let not him that putteth his hand to the plow look backward. 4. So the hunter went on and little imagined what was at work in the Indian camp. 5. As he approached the village, he met a number of people, but none whom he knew. 6. He entered the house, which Dame Van Winkle had always kept in neat order. 7. Many of the schools which the Pilgrim children attended were held in the kitchens of the cabins. 8. Mary could knit while she read. 9. Each child studied the poem that was written on the blackboard. 10. When he could not tell the name of the letter, he had to put on the dunce cap. 11. How we should return was our first problem. 12. He asked me what I would give for the horse. Let me go. Let her do that. They wouldn't let me play. 8. Common Errors Corrected 51. CURRENT EVENTS I The pages of a big newspaper contain a miscellaneous collection of subject matter. Stories, book reviews, advertisements, reports on athletics, foreign news, national news, and many other items are given. Much of this material is not worth more than a passing thought. Who wants to fill his mind with tales of robberies, accounts of fights, and the antics of freaks? But there is always something worth reading. Never a week passes that the daily papers of America do not report some great feat of endurance, some deed of heroism, or some brave act performed in the line of duty and service to mankind. These are the items that are worthy of our close attention. The following headlines taken from the Public Ledger and North American of September 11, 1925, tell of the rescue of the naval seaplane PN-9 No. 1: AIRMEN SAVED OFF HAWAII HONOLULU GOES WILD WITH JOY Scenes Reminiscent of Armistice Celebration Men Lost for Ten Days, Came Down in Choppy Sea, 300 Miles from Goal, when Fuel Ran Out Commander John Rodgers and his crew left San Francisco Monday afternoon, August 31, in an attempted 2100-mile nonstop flight to Honolulu. The following afternoon, twenty-four hours after his seaplane, the PN-9 No. 1, hopped off, the plane and crew disappeared about 300 miles from its destination. Last messages from the PN-9 No. 1 said that its gasoline supply was about exhausted and that a forced landing was expected. Here is a quotation from Commander Rodgers' own account of the flight: "I started to write a message, when both engines were cut out simultaneously and we started to glide from about 800 feet." Gasoline gone; engines dead-up 800 feet and a stormy sea below. Can you imagine a more thrilling experience? If you would like to know all about the landing and the rescue of the PN-9 No. 1, find in an old magazine or paper the complete story. What date will you need to keep in mind? Be prepared to give an oral account of the rescue of the PN-9 No. 1 or a report on some recent event which shows courage, resourcefulness, and endurance. When writing for a newspaper, the rule for keeping the climax until the end of the story is reversed. Where is the climax in the account of the PN-9 No. 1? Why do you think it is placed there? When you make written reports of current events, you may write as if you were reporting for a newspaper. Dictionary work. Find the meaning of the following words. Be able to pronounce each word correctly. Perhaps your teacher may find time for currentevents each day or for a current-events period each week. One pupil might take charge of the currentevents period and the other pupils be asked to report on one of the following topics: 1. Local News 2. National News 3. Cartoons of National Interest 5. Boy Scout Activities 6. Girl Scout News 7. News of the U. S. Army 8. News of the U. S. Navy 10. Cartoons of Foreign Countries English is a tool. You can make it a very useful tool. With it the lawyer drives home his points in an argument, the poet paints beautiful word pictures, the humorist makes us laugh. See how forcefully and accurately you can express your thoughts when you make your current-events report. 52. THE CONJUNCTION I 1. Daly and Knight are the members of a firm of plumbers. 2. Stand or fall, I shall make the attempt. 3. The soldiers were tired but undaunted. 4. Slowly and sadly we laid him down. 5. On the sea and at The Hague, sixteen hundred ninetytwo, Did the English fight the French. 6. Over the river and through the wood To grandfather's house we go. 7. The breaking waves dashed high On a stern and rock-bound coast, Their giant branches tossed. 8. Now and then the crowing of a cock could be heard far off, but it was like a dreaming sound in his ear. |