Notice that these explanatory words may be omitted and the form of the sentence remains a complete thought. In each sentence, what two words refer to the same person or thing?

The

These nouns are called appositional nouns. word appositional means "having a position beside." Is this a good name for such a noun? Why? An appositional noun must fulfil two conditions:

1. It must come after another noun.

2. It must mean the same as this noun.

An appositional noun and its modifiers must be separated from the rest of the sentence by commas.

II

Exercise. Punctuate the appositional nouns in the following sentences:

1. Peter the youngest of the party soon began to lag. 2. Longfellow at one time a Harvard professor wrote Evangeline.

3. June the last month of the term seems far away. 4. Katrina his only daughter was the apple of his eye. 5. Two friends a Giant and a Dwarf made a bargain. 6. Dionysius the ruler of Sicily met Damocles one of his subjects.

7. Once the side of the horse was pierced by a spear in the hand of a Trojan priest.

8. Charles W. Eliot ex-president of Harvard says that reading something good ten minutes a day in twenty years makes all the difference between a cultivated and an uncultivated mind.

III

Write' five sentences containing appositional nouns. Do not make all of them modify the subjects of your

sentences. Remember, nothing but the modifiers of the appositional noun may come between the appositional noun and the noun it explains.

Test the punctuation of each appositional noun by leaving it out of the sentence. The remaining words

must form a sentence.

64. THE HYPHEN

A hyphen is a mark of punctuation (-) which is used mainly for two purposes:

1. To mark a break in a word at the end of a line.

geog-
raphy

2. To join the parts of a compound word. double-dealing

It is not considered the best form to divide a word at the end of a line, but if it is divided, the writer must divide between syllables.

You will have to learn what words are made of two or more words but are written as one word.

You will also need to learn what words are made of two or more words but are joined by the hyphen. The following words should be hyphenated:

The following directions will help you when you are in doubt as to whether or not a word should be hyphenated.

Write without hyphens:

1. All words ending in self, selves, ever, father, mother, bcdy, ward, light, hood.

2. All words beginning with where, there, with, mis, out, over, mid, fare, in, under, up.

The members of each of the following expressions should be written as separate words:

near by

all ready

en route
post card

per cent

all right

Each of the following expressions should always be

written as a single undivided word:

When such expressions as sometime, awhile, and anyway are used as adverbs they are written as a single undivided word, but when time, while, and way are used as nouns the expressions are written as separate words.

Account for the form of the italicized words in the following sentences. They are all correct.

1. Are you all ready to write?

2. Have you finished your writing already?

3. Some one of us should be able to recall that quotation. 4. Someone may find your ring and return it.

5. Do you sometimes long for the open road?

6. Some time next summer I hope to camp in the big woods.

7. "I didn't spend much time reviewing, but I made a good grade anyway," boasted George.

8. "Any way seems the best way for you, Bill," teased his friend John.

9. I should think anyone would wish to live in his own country.

10. Any one of you may erase the board.

If you have been making mistakes in the use of the hyphen, add the words that have given you trouble to your personal spelling list. When you are in doubt about the use of the hyphen, consult a good dictionary.

65. WRITING HUMOROUS STORIES

A nervous commuter, on his dark and lonely way home from the railroad station, heard footsteps behind him. He had an uncomfortable feeling that he was being followed. He increased his speed. The footsteps quickened accordingly. The commuter darted down a lane. The footsteps still pursued him. In desperation he vaulted over a fence and, rushing into a churchyard, threw himself panting on one of the graves.

"If he follows me here," he thought fearfully, "there can be no doubt as to his intentions."

The man behind was following. He could hear him scrambling over the fence. Visions of highwaymen, maniacs,

garroters, and the like flashed through his brain. Quivering with fear, the nervous one arose and faced his pursuer.

"What do you want?" he demanded. "Wh-why are you following me?"

"Say," asked the stranger, mopping his brow, "do you always go home like this? Or are you giving yourself a special treat tonight? I'm going up to Mr. Brown's, and the man at the station told me to follow you, as you lived next door. Excuse my asking you, but is there much more to do before we get there?"

Think of some humorous incident which you have either witnessed or experienced. Be prepared to tell your story to the class. Be careful to place the surprise, or climax, near the end of your story.

Written exercise. Write either a true or an imaginary short humorous story.

Assignment for fast workers.

From the library or

a magazine select a short humorous story. Be prepared to tell the story in your own words when your teacher calls upon you.

66. THE SILVER DOLLAR GIRL

In 1876 George Morgan, an expert engraver, was appointed by the government to prepare a design for the new silver dollar. He decided to place on the coin a figure representing the "Goddess of Liberty" and he needed someone with a beautiful profile to pose for the sketch.

Artists and critics agreed that Miss Anna Willes Williams, a teacher in a girls' school in Philadelphia, had the most perfect profile that could be found. When she was invited to pose as a "goddess" she at first refused but finally consented to help out the engraver if he would keep her identity a secret. 709 snd wisib The engraver kept his promise, but somehow a newspaper