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stones on its roof, with other features, indicate its age. Beyond this, Peel Bridge had been erected and Peel Brow Road made about the time of the French Revolution, fully thirty years before the building of the Square. The Act of Parliament, under which these works were effected, is dated 1789. They were paid for by the Peels. Across the bridge, on the east side of the river, there were no houses in the Old Ground days. Some time afterwards the farm-house at the south end of Kenyon Street was reared. It is now occupied by Mr John Kenyon, the long connection of whose family with the place has furnished a name for the street. There would also belong to about the same period the row of grey-slated cottages running northwards from the foot of Peel Brow-nearly opposite Patmos Chapel of the U. M. Free Church.1 Considerably farther south, “the old engine," now converted into dwelling-houses, was once a busy carding-mill, run at one time by the paternal grandfather of the late Messrs W. Wild & Brothers, of Shuttleworth.

Returning to the upper end of Bridge Street, the accompanying plan will show the Old Ground works of Messrs Peel, as they were transferred to the Grants on ist January 1807. With the exception of 21 and 22, which were removed early, these buildings remained till after the

resulted, in a few days, in his death, on the 18th of May 1893, at the age of sixty years. One of his last messages to the writer was this, want to see that book." Alas! alas!

1 Founded, 1836; rebuilt, 1874.

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2 These figures refer to the numbers on the accompanying plan. 3 These must have been removed by 1814 or 1815, when Bolton Street was made. It was made under an Act passed in the 49th year of George III., for constructing a turnpike from Edenfield to Little Bolton. The Grants probably contracted for this section of the work.

building of the Square in 1821-22. The varied operations were then gradually transferred to the new works, while the buildings on the old ground were demolished, and the materials, in part at least, sold.

In Callender Yard, at the foot of Carr Street, there was a water-wheel1 of considerable height, which turned the callenders, &c. (16). The water power came from Carr Street, or Devil Hole, Mill. The stream now goes underground to "John Gray's Lodge." A long building (17), still existing as cottages between the yard and Carr Street, was occupied by those engaged as pinners-i.e., in putting pins in blocks and rollers. Thence the old name of the spot at the entrance from Carr Street to Callender Yard" Pin-roller Nook" (18). At Carr Street Mill2 the Yorkshire-men were engaged on woollen fabrics, and at Topwood Mill wool-combing was carried on by them.

The blacksmith's shop was at the upper end of the Pin-roller building in Carr Street. There John Hamer did the ironwork for the Old Ground, and shoed the horses, &c. At Barwoodlea, where the stables, &c., are now, were bleach-works in the Old Ground days.

The crofters had only small wages, about 13s. a week; they had also annually, from the firm, a coat and waistcoat each; and the lads had each a full suit. Not the least appreciated boon, however, was the holiday when they got their new clothes. It was deemed a great occasion. They

1 A son of John Cunliffe, who was designer for the Grants, lost his life by falling into this wheel. It was some time after he was missed ere the little fellow's body was found. It was got at length in the millrace, which still exists, deep under one of the houses between Callender Yard and Bolton Street.

2 The newer part is now occupied by Messrs James Brooks & Son.

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"OLD GROUND," RAMSBOTTOM.

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