242 Political Barometer• lutely fixed on or before Sunday the 31st of July? 2. Had Sir Jeffery Amherst the leaft intimation of the measure before Thursday the 4th of Auguft? 3. Was it not mentioned to him in general terms, as a measure merely in contemplation, without the most diftant hint that lord Botetourt, or any other perfon was actually in poffeffion of his government? 4. Did not lord Botetourt kifs hands the next day, that is on Friday the 5th inftant? 5. Did you not dare to tell your f-------n that Sir Jeffery Amherst was perfectly fatisfied, when you knew your treatment of himn was fuch as the vileft peafaut could not have fubmitted to without refentment ? Finally, my lord, is it not a fact, that Sir Jeffery Amherst having been called upon fome time ago to give his pinion upon a measure of the highest importance in America, gave it directly against a favourite fcheme of your lordship; and is not this the real caufe of your antipathy against him? Your heart tells you that it is. Now, my lord, you have voluntarily embarked in a moft odious, perhaps it may prove to you a most dangerous bufinefs. Your Pylades will fneak away to his government; but you must ftand the brunt of it here. For the questions which I have propofed to you, I must tell you plainly, that they must, and shall be answered. You may affect to take no notice of them, perhaps, and tell us you treat them with the contempt they deferve. Such an expedient may be wife and fpirited enough when applied to a declaration of rebellion on the part of the colonies, and God knows it has fucceeded admirably. But it fhall not avail you here. Num negare audes? Quid taces? negas. Convincam fi I SHALL not pretend to enter into the merits of Sir Jy A's difmiffion from his government of V-a, Every body knows he deferves a great deal of the public: And if what I have heard be true, even the prefent A----n do not refufe it him. But there are a number of bafy incendiaries, who ufe every means to poifon the minds of the good people of England, and to abufe thofe in power whoever they are. Thefe neither enquire into the truth of the matter, nor do they fail to fhew the most difarreeable view of every action in the miniftry. An impudent varlet Y. Z. in this day's paper, talks, of forty or fifty lives loft in St. George's fields. When was it? Others have heaped together a parcel of ill natured lies, and given it the name of an account of the difmiflion of Sir J-----y A------[. The particulars of Sir J- --y A----'s difmiffion, am told are as follows: For very urgent raafons it had been determined the governor general of every province in America fhould refide. Upon which Lord H---- wrote a letter to Sir J----y, aequainting him of this refolution. After making very honourable mention of his fervice in America, how much his country was obliged to him for that activity, fteadiness and courage, which fo eminently diftinguished the commander, and which from his example difsed itf If through the whole army, by which means the British arms were crowned with fu cefs, and the war fo happily concluded in that part of the world; he mentioned the very hi opinion his M----y had of him both as a ma and a foldier, and how much it would be to his fatisfaction, was it fuitable to Sir J----y's inclinations and circumstances, to go to Virginia and take upon him the fupreme command in that province: But if it was not convenient, he might depend on it, that his M----y would take the earliest opportunity of doing juftice to his merits, by making him a recompenfe equiva lent at least to the lofs of his government. This letter was fcarce finished when Sir J----y A------t called at lord H------h`s on fome other bufinefs. His lordship took that op. portunity to explain the intentions of admini itration by fuch a measure, gave him the letter, and Sir J-----y feemed to be convinced of the neceflity of the arrangement, acquiefced in the propofals made to him, and went away to all appearance well fatisfied. If it was the first day or not, I know not, but Sir J------y very foon after this demanded an audience of his M-------y, and refigned the command of his regiments. This not being accepted of, and the miniftry willing to keep fuch a man in the fervice, and not wishing to give caufe for his refignation, en deavoured to reafon with him; upon which he (Sir J-----y A------t) delivered or fent to the D. of G----n the following articles of accommodation. 1. A british peerage to himself, and failing heirs of his body, to defcend to his brother the colonel. 2. A recompence equivalent to the lofs of his government. 3. An exclufive right of working the coal mines at Louisburgh to him and his heirs for ever. 4. A grant of lands în America to a certain extent. 5. And in cafe it should be judged expedient to create American peers, that he should have the pre-eminence. The D. of G-----n on receiving this, begged to fee Sir. J------y. Who fent him word, if the interview was intended to induce him to lower his demands, it was totally unneceffary. His grace then went to him, and gave him the following answers. 1. British peerages were generally given to fuch, whofe opulent fortunes enabled them to fupport that high dignity. This reafon he apprehended Sir J----y could not plead. 2. It always had been his M-----y's intention to make him a recompence equivalent to his government. 3. Reafons political and commercial forbade the working of the American coal mines at all. 4. He might have the grant of lands in Ame-, rica, when, where, and to what extent be pleased; but he did not apprehend there was the leaft reafon to make the fifth demand, as he fuppofed a creation of American peers would rever take place. Sir Jy At's regiments are not given Political Barometer. rjenced and deferving commander requires ne attention; and there can be no harm in aking the public acquainted with it. The mber of falfehoods that have been fpread aoad about this tranfaction have induced me to nd you this. I muft tell you, however, that my informa on is feco ad hand; but it may have this good fect, even if not true, to induce those who now the contrary to do as I have done. I fhall erefore conclude with this question: Are these ings true or not? 243 tetourt was to kifs hands next morning? Anfwer these questions like a man and a gentle man. When Sir Jeffery Amherst found that all this pretended neceffity of the k----'s fervice ended in a provifion for a ruined courtier, he felt the indignation of a man who has received an affront, not an injury. Your emiffaries affect to say that he was defired to repair to his government, and upon his refufal was difmiffed. This you know was not the fact, fo that every reafoning built upon it falls to the ground. You never did nor could propofe to him to return to America in a CLEOPHA S. rank fubordinate to general Gage. It never To the Earl of My Lord. [N the ordinary courfe of life, a regularity of accounts, a precifion in point of fact, and a puncual reference to dates, form a ftrong prefumpion of integrity. On the other hand, an apparent endeavour to perplex the order and fimplicity of facts, to confound dates, and wander from the main queftion, are fhrewd figns of a otten caufe and of a guilty confcience. Let the public determine between your lordship and me. You have forfeited all title to refpect; but I hall treat you with tenderness and mercy, as I would a criminal at the bar of justice. was a question; and indeed how fhould it, when his government was given away on the 31ft of July, and he had not the most diftant intimation that fuch a measure was thought of, until Thurfday the 4th of Auguft. Mark thefe dates, my Lord, for you shall not escape me. After the affront had been fixed upon him in the groffeft manner, he was defired to confider what fatisfaction he would accept of, He then fent to the duke of Grafton the demands, which you have ftated to the public. These and the anfwers to them fhall now be confidered. The word demand is peremptory and unfit to be made use of by a fubject in a request to the crown, It was not made ufe of by Sir J. A. though, for the matter of it, I affert without fcruple, that a man of diftinguifhed public merit, who has been signally infulted, is not in the cafe of a fuppliant, but has a right to a fignal reparation. In your letter figned Cleophas you are pleafed to affume the character of a perfon half informed. We understand the ufe of this expedient. You avail yourself of every thing that The Duke of G-----n's idea of the proper oban be faid for you by a third perfon, without ject of a British peerage differs very materially being obliged to abide by the apology, if it fhould from mine. His Grace in the true spirit of bufifail you. My lord, this a paltry art, unworthy nefs, looks for nothing but an opulent fortune; of your ftation, unworthy of every thing but meaning, I presume the fortune which can pur the cause you have undertaken to defend. While chafe as well as maintain a title. We underyou purfue these artifices, it is impoffible to ftand his grace, and know who dictated that arknow on what principles you really reft your de- ticle. He has declared the terms on which jews, fence. But you may shift your ground as often gamefters, pedlars and contractors (if they have as you please; you fhall gain no advantage by fenfe enough to take the hint) may rife without it. Your lordfhip, under the character of Cleo-difficulty into British peers. There was a time phas, is exactly acquainted with particulars, which could only be known to a few perfons, while you totally forget a series of facts known to thousands. You can repeat every article of your own letter to Sir Jeffery Amherst, though your own memory be too weak to recollect on what day lord Botetourt's appointment was fixed, on what day he kiffed hands, and on what day the defign was opened to Sir Jeffery Amherst. Thefe, it feems are circumftances of no importance, and to say the truth, I believe they are fuch as you would willingly forger. I am glad to find however, that the acknowledgments of Sir Jeffery Amherft's merit and fervices could not be more full and formal than as it is flated in your letter to him. Upon that point then we are agreed. You fay Sir Jeffery Amherst, at your first converfation, feemed fatisfied. My lord, I must tell you, that when a fecretary of ftate affures Sir Jeffery Amherst that any particular measure is neceffary for the king's fervice, he is too good a fubject to fet his private intereft in oppofition to the public welfare. But did you tell him that his government was given away four days before? Did you not fpeak of it as a measure in futurum, which was not to take place till he was perfectly fatisfied? In short, did you tell him that lord Bo indeed, though not within his Grace's memory, when titles were the reward of public virtue, and when the crown did not think its revenue ill employed in contributing to support the honours it had beftowed. It is true his Grace's family derive their wealth and greatness from a different origin ;---from a system which, he it seems, is determined to revive. His confeffion is frank and well becomes the candour of a young man, at least. I dare fay that if either his grace or your lordship had had the command of a seven years war in America, you would have taken care that poverty however honourable, fhould not have been an objection to your advancement; ---you would not have stood in the predicament of Sir Jeffery Amherst, who is refused a title of honour because he did not create a fortune equal to it, at the expence of the public. For the matter of a recompense equivalent to his government, he repeatedly told your lordship that the name of perfion was grating to his ears; and that he would accept of no revenue that was not at the fame time honorary. Your lordship does not know the difference, but men of honour feel it. If reafons political and commercial forbid working the coal-mines in America, that I allow, is an answer ad hominem, It may be a true one Lie 244 Political Barometer. yet I do not defpair of feeing these very mines hereafter granted to fupport the chastity of a minifter's whore, the integrity of a pimp, or the uncorrupted blood of a baftard. His grace is wonderfully bountiful in the article of lands, I doubt not he would, with all his heart, give Sir Jeffery Amherst the fee fimple of every acre from the Miffifippi to California. But we fhall be the lefs furprized at his generofity, when we confider that every private foldier who ferved a certain time in America was entitled to two hundred acres, and that not one man, out of perhaps twenty thousand claimants, has yet fettled upon his estate. As to American peerages, if none are to be created, the request falls of courfe. But if fuch a creation had been intended, I call upon your lordship to point out a man better entitled to precedence upon that lift than Sir Jeffery Amherft. Your laft affertion is, that his regiments are not given away. It is a matter of perfect indifference. Yet the public has reafon to believe that colonel Hotham is now col. of the 15th regiment, and that the commiffion of commandant of the royal Americans only waits until it fhall be determined, whether general Gage fhall be recalled or not. Permit me now to refer your lordship to the questions stated in my laft letter, and to defire you to answer them ftrictly. If you do not, the public will draw its own conclufions. Your emiffaries, my Lord, have rather more zeal than difcretion. One of them who calls hmfelf a confiderate Englishman, could not write by authority, because he is entirely unacquainted with facts. His declamation therefore fignifies nothing. In his affertions however, there is fomething really not unpleasant. He affures us that your lordship's great abilities were brought into employment to correct the blunders of Mr. Pitt's adminiftration. It puts me in mind of the confulfhip which Caligula intended for his horfe, and of a project, which Buckborfe once entertained of obliging the learned world with a correct edition of the claffics. LUCIU S. AS I have not the leaft intention to enter into any difpute with Lucius, indulge me but this once, and give me leave to affure you it fhall be the laft on the fubject from me; and though this man writes fo ungenteelly, that he fcarce deferves an answer, yet I could not help thinking this much neceffary in juftice to a nobleman, whom he has most shamefully attacked in confequence of my letter, but whofe character is above the reach of malice, and who will be refected, when fuch pefts of fociety are no more. The account I fent you relative ro the refignation of Sir J-----y A-----t I had heard publickly talked of at table, and in a coffee house; it was told as no fecret; but was faid to be from very good authority. I fent it as a piece of intelligence, without either adding or diminishing, I made no comment on it, as I intended no offence. Facts were fttaed as they were told, and as no dates were mentioned, I gave none, I left it to the public to form opinions as they pleafed; to Sir Jy At's friends to contradict it, if they thought proper; and it has ferved as a pe for curs of oppofition to fnarl at. Though I do not mean to enter into any pute with this fellow, yet I cannot help making a few obfervations on his letter. That government of Virginia was given a way f days before the intention of administration was mentioned to Sir Jy A-----t, I have ground to believe it is not fact: good And if you, Lucius, poffeffed but one grain honefty, and if you had no other intention but to communicate ufeful information to the pus lic, you would have told them fo: That it wa applied for even as foon as it was whispered the to be adopted, upon th fuch a meafure was fuppofition that Sir Jy A----t would no chufe to refide I can believe: That it was pro mifed to Lord Botetourt in cafe he did not I ca likewife believe; and this might have been four, or even fourteen days for ought I know be fore it was mentioned; but pray where is the harm in all this? I fancy no measure of govern ment is entered into immediately on its being mentioned; it requires fome time to digef And when it was judged expedient, in confe quence of the accounts from that province, t fend the governor general to refide in Virginia, i was mentioned in the tendereft manner to Si J----y. No affront was ever intended. Any re compence (if he did not chufe to go) in the powe of administration, or in the gift of majesty, wa offered to him. What more could he expect? H had it in his option to go or not; and if he di not go, he was promifed an equivalent, perhap more. As foon as this measure was furmifed, wa there any harm in lord Botetourt's application was there any fault in lord H-------h's promin his intereft for his friend? But is this an abiclat appointment? No. All the world knows appli cations are made long before vacancies happen and preferments are promised; but every one, ex cept Lucius, can make a distinction between a pre mife and abfolute appointment. I dare iay ther were applications from more than one quarter be fore the late a--------p died and probably it wa promifed before the event happened; but if th fee had not become vacant, the prefent amight have remained at Coventry. : But fpeak out malevolence, speak envy, difap pointment, and ill-nature. What in the name o goodness could be Sir Jeffery Amherst's objectio to lord Botetourt? Was it because he is a noble man? Because he has gone to the chapel at St James's, and has carried the fword of state befor his king? Because he never has infulted majesty but has always behaved himself as a dutiful an loyal fubject, and respectfully to his fovereign Are these the weighty motives for objecting t his fucceffion? Or is it ftill a greater crime to b poor? And do these make it an affront not an in jury? Forbid it heaven! Forbid it Sir Jeffr Amherst's better genius! What would you hav had Lucius? Would you have wished to have ha the naming of Sir J-----y's fucceffor! What a pit you had not! I declare you deserved it! Ho could my lord H-.---h dare to recommend with out your permiffion! Demands, you fay, are unfit to be used from fubjects requesting of the crown. Indeed, Lucius you are right; but many fubjects now-a-days for get that they are fo! and call them by wh name you pleafe, I acknowledge thefe articles accommodation sent to the D. of G-----n by Si J----y A-----t, or faid to be sent, answer exactly to the ideas I have of demands, and pretty peremptory ones too. It is ftrange, Lucius, that you cannot write one line without abufe. Had you made your remarks upon the D. of G-----'s anfwer to the first article without abufing his grace, it would have been genteel; but the fcurrilous language you ufe, even when your arguments are just, proves that you are equally unacquainted with the gentleman, and sense of honour. I believe it is well known, that no commander in chief ever made lefs during a long war than Sir J----y At did: And I am very forry indeed that want of fortune, the confequence of honesty and integrity, fhould ever be afligned as a reafon to refufe honours to those who deferve them. The honours of this country, and its treasures to fupport them, have often been lavished on many who deferved them lefs than the conqueror of America. This I think was the only exceptionable answer from the D. of G---n. I hope it is not true. Whatever delicate feelings you, Mr. Lucius, may have, I know not; but I am of opinion, that finecure places, non-refident governmentsand penfions are in fact the fame, though different in names: Nay, the worst of the whole appears to me to be a non-refident governor. The very word implies a neceffity of doing fomething: In fact he does nothing; he therefore is paid for what he does not, though it is his duty to do it. In fhort he is paid for neglect of duty; but becaufe our language has not annexed the word penfion to fuch neglect, it does not grate his ears. And, after all, what was Sir J. A--ft but a penfioner on the colony of Virginia; He did nothing for it, and was paid. Our idea of a penfion is a reward granted for paft fervices, fo was his---fuch as you Lucius, fuch tools of oppofition, such state incendiaries, venal mercenary wretches are glad to receive rewards of your labours infinitely lefs honourable than either place or penfion. The D. of G---n's other answers were unexceptionable. As to the regiments being given away, I did not know it, therefore I am excufable. And now, Mr. Lucius, I'll tell you a fecret. Your fuppofing my letter to come from my L--d H....h, in my opinion did credit to the performance, and honour to me; but in juftice to him I must declare, that I am not, know not, never saw, nor never spoke to the E. of H---h in my life---but juft, as formerly, To the Earl of My Lord, IT is indifferent to CLEOPHA S. the public, whether the letters figned Cleophas, are written by Your lordship, or under your immediate direction. Whoever commits this humble begBing language to paper, we know to a certainty be perfon by whom it is held. We know the -uppliant file your lordship has condefcended to dopt at routes, at tea tables, and in banker's hops. But although you have changed your one, I am bound in honour not to give you You have offended heinoufly against Our country, and public juftice demands an exaple for the welfare of mankind. uarter. I forefaw Cleophas would foon be discovered. It feems the poor gentleman never faw, nor fpoke to your lordship in his life, but just as formerly. The saying is a good one. You fay your character is above the reach of malice. True, my lord, you have fixed that reproach upon your character, to which malice can add nothing. You fay it will be refpected, when fuch pests of fociety as I am, are no more. I agree with you that it is very little refpected ar prefent, and I believe I may unluckily have been the spoil of good company; but i doubt whether my death, or even your own, will restore you to your good fame. Your peace of mind is gone for ever. After the particulars quoted by Cleophas, it looks like trifling with the public, to confefs that his accounts were collected in a coffee houfe, and that he will neither answer for facts nor be directed by dates. These are evafions which I fcorn to imitate. My authority is indisputable ;---I have ftated facts with precifion, and marked the dates, by which I fhall invariably abide, yet Cleophas (alias your lordship,) fays he has good ground to believe that the government was not given away four days before Sir J. A. was apprifed of it ;---he believes indeed that it was previously applied for, and that lord Botetourt had a conditional promife of it. Thefe, it feems are the articles of his creed; but, as they are not points of religious faith, to which there might be fome merit in facrificing our underftanding, I prefume the public is not obliged to conform to them. My queftions were put strictly to points of fact and time, and have not yet been anfwered. Places, I doubt not, are often applied for and promifed before they are vacant; but I did not expect to hear fo indecent a cafe fuppofed and urged by a man in your lordship's ftation, as that the fee of Canterbury was promifed to another, before the death of a late pious and truly reverend incumbent. You fay that government was ready to make Sir J. A. any recompenfe; yet, excepting a grant of land in a wilderness, every one of his requests were flatly denied. You afk if there was any harm in this, or any fault in that.---What is this but crying peccavi, in the very language of mifery and despair? It neither fuits the fpirit, which can do no wrong with firmnefs, nor that purity of innocence, which is confcious of having done right, If the neceffity of fending over a governor to Virginia had really existed, and if your lordship had thought proper to take an early opportunity of ftating that neceflity to Sir J. A.--If you had previously apprifed him of the defign of giving him a fucceffor, and if, in conformity to fuch declaration, a man of bufinefs, of judgment, or activity had been fixed, you furely would nothave paid too great an attention to Sir J. A, and you would have prevented every poffible appearance of an intention to affront him. As to the pecuniary injury, I will venture to fay, there is not a man breathing who wouldhave been more eafily fatisfied in that refpect than Sir J. A.---Compare this fuppofition with your real proceedings towards him, and though you cannot blush, I am fure you will be filent. Your queftion in favour of lord Botetourt amounts to nothing. It is not that he is a bad man, or an undutiful fubject. But he is a trifling Political Barometer. 246 Your lordship may give what name you think proper to the requcfis propofed by Sir J. A. He was defired to fpecify them to the duke of Grafton, and they were refufed. It is true, he did not confine himfelf to the idea of a bare equivalent for the pecuniary value of his government. A generous mind, offended by an infult equally fignal and unprovoked, looks back to fervices long neglected and with juice unites the claim arifing from thofe fervices to the infult, which of right demands a fignal reparation. As you feem, in the Duke of Grafton's anfwer to the first article, to feel and acknowledge your weakness, I fhall not prefs you further upon it. My LORD, YOUR change of title makes no alteration in the merits of your caufe. You argued as well, and were full as honeft a man under the character of Cleophas as you are under that of Scrutator. The task of following falsehood through a labyrinth of nonfenfe is, I confefs, much heavies than I expected. You have a way with you, my lord, that blunts the edge of attention, and fets all argument at defiance. But I hold myself engaged to the public, whofe caufe is united to that of Sir Jeffery Amherst. The people of this country feel as they ought to do the treatment of a man who has ferved them well; the time may come, my lord, when you in your turn may feel the effect of their refentment. You fet out with afferting, that the crown has an indifputable power of difmifling its officers without affigning a caufe.--- Not quite indifputeable my lord; for I have heard of addreffes from parliament, to know who advised the difmiffion of particular officers. I have heard of impeachments attending the wanton exertion of the prerogative, and you perhaps may live to hear of them likewife. of The penfions given by the crown have been fo fcandaloufy prostituted, that a man of any nicety might well be forgiven, if he wished not to have the title of penfioner added to his name. But I fhall not defcend to a difpute about words. Another affertion of the fame fort has been I speak to things. If, instead of the government thrown out by your emiffaries, and now gravely of Virginia, his late Majefty, on the furrender of maintained by your lordship,---viz. that the proLouifburgh, had thought proper to give Sir J. mife conveyed to Sir J. A. by Mr. Pitt, was in A. a penfion. and if this had been the declared itfelf an abfurdity, and that no fucceeding minimotive of giving it, he might have accepted it fter is bound to make good an engagement entered without fcruple, and held it with honour. In- into by his predeceffor in office. I fhall leave my ftances of penfions fo beftowed are not very fre- lord privy feal to explain to you the motives on quent. Sir Edward Hawke's is one. How wide which Mr. Pitt afted. The promise arofe from ly different is the cafe in queftion? Iwill not pre- his own motive, and if he has not spirit enough tend to do justice to this good man's delicacy and to maintain it, he deferves the contempt with fenfe of honour; but I can eafily conceive Low which you treat him. In the mean time, I fhall a man of common fpirit must be affected, when prefume that a lieutenant governor was then a place which he poffeffed on the most honourable thought as efficient an officer as a governor, and terms, is taken from him, without even the that this poft was bestowed on Sir J. A. not as the decency due to a gentleman ;-----when he falary of future duties, but as the reward of ferfees it given to a needy court dependant, and vices already performed. In the fecond part when the only reparation offered him, is to en- your affertion, you wilfully confound the general roll him in the lift of pensioners, among whom meafures of government with the particular proan honeft man would blufh to fee his name. If mife of a made to an individual. Even miniyou had not been in fuch hafte to correct the fters, my lord, might, without any injury to blunders of Mr. Pitt's adminiftration, I think their characters, preferve the faith and integrity your infignificant friend might have appeared in of their office, But whatever latitude they claim that lift without any difgrace to himfelf, and his fort hemfelves, the honour of a ----- ought to be diftreffes might have done credit to the humanity facred, even to his fucceffor. The propofition that of your lordship's recommendation. minifters are not bound by the engagements of their predeceffors, if taken generally, is falle, There is no breach of public faith, which may not be juftified on fach a principle., Treaties at this rate may be violated without national diihonour, and the most folemn affertions from the throne, contradicted without referve. You forget that you are mixing the permanent dignity of the crown, with the fluctuating views and interests of its fervants. Yet I fhall now allow you more my lord, than I believe you expect. I shall admit, without hesitation, that the promife made to Sir J. A. could not be fo abfolute, as not to be revokable in a cafe of urgent neceffity. If fuch a cafe had been stated, and demonftrated to Sir J. A. he would not have ftaid to be folicited. He would either have gone himself, or cheerfully refigned his government to his majefty's difpofal. The queftio turns then upon the degree of that necefly. You did not know the 15th regiment was given to col. Hotham.---Yet your affertion was direct. For fhame, my lord, have done with thefe evafions. Poor P------ hangs his head in perfect modefty, and even your ficus Achates your unfortunate B---ng---n difowns you. I fhall conclude with hinting to you (in a way which you alone will underftand) that there is a part of my behavicur, for which you owe me fome acknowledgment. I know the olenfible defence you have given to the public differs widely from the real one intrufted privately to your friends. You are fenfible that the moft diftant infinuation of what that defence is would ruin you at once. But I am a man of hopour, and will neither take advantage of your imprudency, nor of the difficulty of your fituLUCIU S. |