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of the underworld, is given to him an allotment of ground with

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Osiris.

II. The Ṭeț. This object, which represents a mason's The tet of table and not a Nilometer, as a religious emblem symbolizes Osiris the lord of Teṭṭu, great god of the underworld. The meaning of the word teț is "firmness, stability, preservation,” etc. The tet had on it sometimes the plumes, disk and horns, and was painted on mummies and tombs. The amulet itself was placed on the neck of the mummy which it was supposed to protect. Tets are made of faïence, gold, wood gilded, carnelian, lapis-lazuli, and many other substances, although the rubric of the 155th chapter, of which is the vignette, states that they are to be made of gold. This chapter is entitled :

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O resting of heart, place thou thyself upon place thy.

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Papyrus of Ani, pl. 33; the text given by Naville, Das Todtenbuch, Bl. clxxx., differs from this.

The Vulture of

Isis.

This chapter was to be "said over a teț of gold, made of the heart of sycamore wood, which was to be placed on the neck of the mummy." The tet enabled the deceased to enter in through the gates of the underworld, and if this chapter were known by him, he would "rise up as a perfect soul in the underworld, he would not be repulsed at the gates there, and cakes would be given to him, and joints of meat from the altars of Rā."

III. The Vulture. According to the rubric of the 157th chapter of the Book of the Dead, a vulture of gold was to be placed on the neck of the mummy on the day of the funeral; it was supposed to carry with it the protection of "Mother" Isis. The chapter reads, "Isis has come, she has gone round about the towns, she has sought out the hidden places of Horus in his coming out from the swamp of papyrus reeds. His son has stood against evil, he has come into the divine boat, he has commanded the princes of the world, he has made a great fight, he makes mention of what he has done, he has caused himself to be feared and established terror of him. His mother, the mighty lady, makes his protection and brings (?) him to Horus." Amulets of the vulture inscribed with this chapter are very rare.

IV. The Collar usex. The rubric of the 158th chapter of the Book of the Dead orders a collar of gold to be laid upon the neck of the deceased on the day of the funeral. It was to be inscribed :

ly by Doy

до

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etc.

I am

one among the unbandaged ones [who] see Seb.

Amulet collars are found made of red jasper, carnélian,

rus sceptre

V. The "Papyrus Sceptre" uat'. This amulet is The papy. usually made of mother-of-emerald or of faïence like unto it of Thoth. in colour, and the hieroglyphic word which it represents,

uat', means “verdure, flourishing, greenness,” and the like; it was placed on the neck of the deceased, and indicated the eternal youth which it was hoped he would enjoy in the underworld. This amulet was sometimes inscribed with the 159th chapter of the Book of the Dead, where it is described as

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A: 。uat' en nesem, "an uat' of mother-of

emerald." The next chapter says that a rounded tablet, on which is a figure of the in relief, is to be placed on the neck of the deceased; it was supposed to be given to him by Thoth, and to protect his limbs.

VI. The Pillow urs. This amulet is usually made of hæmatite, and is generally uninscribed; it is a model of the large pillows of wood, alabaster and stone which are placed under the heads of mummies to "lift them up." When inscribed the text is a version of that of the 166th chapter of the Book of the Dead.

No. 20,647 in the British Museum reads:

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1 See Birch, The Chapter of the Pillow, in Aeg. Zeit., 1868, pp. 52-54.

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[as] has commanded to be done for thee Horus, the avenger of father his

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neḥem
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sen

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Verily slaughter Osiris maketh at the coming forth of the heads

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VII. The Heart Jab. Amulets of the heart are made of carnelian, green jasper, basalt, lapis-lazuli, and many other kinds of hard stone. The heart was considered to be the source of all life and thought, and it was the part of the body that was specially taken care of in mummifying. It was embalmed and put in a jar by itself, and it could not be replaced in the body until it had undergone judgment by being weighed in the balance against B, representing "Law." The heart was symbolised by the scarab, upon which the formulæ relating to the heart were inscribed; and sometimes a heart amulet was inscribed with one of the chapters of the heart on one side, and a scarab on the other (B.M. No. 8003).

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