PTOLEMIES. B.C. 305 286 Alexandrian Library founded. Septuagint made. 247 222 205 182 170 117 81 52 42 Death of Cleopatra. 27 Egypt be comes a Roman Ptolemy I., Soter, son of Lagus, founded the Alexandrian Library. Ptolemy II., Philadelphus, built the Pharos, founded Berenice on the Red Sea, and Arsinoë; he employed Manetho to compile a history of Egypt and its gods from native authorities, and caused the Greek version of the Old Testament to be made. Ptolemy III., Euergetes I. Ptolemy IV., Philopator, founded the temple of Edfû. Ptolemy VI., Eupator, died in this year. Ptolemy VIII., murdered by Physcon. Ptolemy IX., Euergetes II. or Physcon, reigned conjointly with Ptolemy VII. (B.C. 170-165). Ptolemy X., Soter II., Philometor II., or Lathyrus reigned conjointly with Cleopatra III.; he was banished B.C. 106, and recalled B.C. 87. Ptolemy XI., Alexander I., made co-regent. banished B.C. 89 and slain B.C. 87. Ptolemy XII., Alexander II., is slain. He was Ptolemy XIII., Neos Dionysos or Auletes, became king of Egypt; he died B.C. 52. Ptolemy XIV., Dionysos II., banished his co-regent Cleopatra VII., Cæsar arrived in Egypt to support Cleopatra, and Ptolemy XIV. was drowned. Ptolemy XV., brother of Cleopatra VII., appointed her coregent; he was murdered at her wish. Ptolemy XVI., Cæsarion, was named co-regent. Antony ordered Cleopatra to appear before him, and was seduced by her charms; he killed himself, and Cleopatra died by the bite of an asp. ROMANS. Cæsar Augustus became master of the Roman Empire, and Cornelius Gallus the first prefect of Egypt; under the third prefect, Aelius Gallus, Candace, Queen of the Ethiopians, invaded Egypt, but was defeated. A.D. 14 Tiberius. In his reign Germanicus went to Egypt, sailing up the Nile from the city of Canopus to Thebes, where he visited the temples of Luxor and Karnak, and heard the priest read on the pylons the names of conquered nations which still exist on them by the score. Passing over to the other side of the river, Tacitus tells us (II., 61) that he saw the stone image of Memnon, which, when struck by the sun's rays, gave out the sound of a human voice, and there is little Germanidoubt that he visited the Tombs of the Kings, the Ramesseum through and the temples at Medînet Habû. He passed on to Syene, Egypt. where he visited the island of Elephantine, and either going up or coming down the river, he saw Lake Moeris and the Pyramids. Caligula. Claudius. cus travels 37 41 55 Nero. In his reign Christianity was first preached in Egypt by Saint Mark. The Blemmyes made raids upon the Blemmyes southern frontier of Egypt. Vespasian. Jerusalem destroyed, A.D. 70. Domitian builds temples to Isis and Serapis at Rome. Nile and Red Sea, re-opened. Hadrian. He visited Egypt twice. Marcus Aurelius. Commodus. Septimius Severus. Caracalla visited Egypt, and caused a large number of young men to be massacred in Alexandria. invade Egypt. 69 82 98 Macrinus. Elagabalus. Decius. Valerianus. Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra, invaded Egypt. Aurelian. Zenobia dethroned A.D. 273. Probus. Diocletian. Pompey's Pillar" erected A.D. 302. The Copts date the era of the Martyrs from the day of Diocletian's accession to the throne (August 29). Constantine the Great. 217 218 249 253 268 270 276 284 324 A D. 337 379 395 408 450 474 481 527 610 638 Arab conquest of Egypt. 1517 1798 1801 1805 1848 1849 1854 1863 1882 1885 1892 Constantius. Theodosius I., the Great, proclaimed Christianity the religion of his empire. BYZANTINES. Arcadius, Emperor of the East. Marcianus. In this reign Silco invaded Egypt, with his Zeno. Anastasius. Justinian. Heraclius expelled the Persians from Egypt after they had held it, under Chosroes, for ten years. MUHAMMADANS. 'Amr ibn el-'Âși conquers Egypt, and the country becomes a part of the Muḥammadan empire for about nine hundred years. Selim I., of Constantinople, deposes Tûmân Bey, and Egypt becomes a Turkish Pashalik. Napoleon Bonaparte stormed Alexandria, battle of the The French compelled by the English to evacuate Egypt. Ibrâhîm Pasha. Death of Muhammad 'Ali. Said Pasha. During his reign the Bûlâk Museum was founded, and the excavation of the Suez Canal began. Ismåîl, son of Ibrâhîm Pasha, made Khedive. Suez Canal opened, 1869. Massacre of Europeans at Alexandria, bombardment of the town by the English fleet in July; Egypt was occupied by English troops, and 'Arabi Pasha defeated. Murder of Gordon, and abandonment of the Sûdân. LIST OF EGYPTIAN DYNASTIES AND THE DATES 1 Königsbuch, Berlin, 1858, Synoptische Tafeln, taf. 4-8. 2 L'Univers. Egypte Ancienne, Paris, 1839, p. 269. 3 Notice des Principaux Monuments du Musée à Boulaq, Paris, 1869, p. 15. 4 The Ancient Egyptians, ed. Birch, 1878, Vol. I, p. 28 ff. 5 Egypt under the Pharaohs, ed. 1880, Vol. II, pp. 341–346. |