Library PTOLEMIES. B.C. 305 Ptolemy I., Soter, son of Lagus, founded the Alexandrian Library. 286 Ptolemy II., Philadelphus, built the Pharos, founded Alexan Berenice on the Red Sea, and Arsinoë; he employed Manetho drian . to compile a history of Egypt and its gods from native authofounded. rities, and caused the Greek version of the Old Testament Septuagint made. to be made. 247 Ptolemy III., Euergetes I. 222 Ptolemy IV., Philopator, founded the temple of Edfû. 205 Ptolemy V., Epiphanes. Prolemy VI., Eupator, died in this year. 182 Ptolemy VII., Philometor. 170 Ptolemy VIII., murdered by Physcon. Ptolemy IX., Euergetes II. or Physcon, reigned conjointly with Ptolemy VII. (B.C. 170—165). 117 Ptolemy X., Soter II., Philometor II., or Lathyrus reigned conjointly with Cleopatra III. ; he was banished B.C. 106, and recalled B.C. 87. Ptolemy XI., Alexander I., made co-regent. He was banished B.C. 89 and slain B.C. 87. Ptolemy XII., Alexander II., is slain. Ptolemy XIII., Neos Dionysos or Auletes, became king of Egypt; he died B.C. 52. Ptolemy XIV., Dionysos II., banished his co-regent Cleopatra VII., Cæsar arrived in Egypt to support Cleopatra, and Ptolemy XIV. was drowned. Ptolemy XV., brother of Cleopatra VII., appointed her coregent ; he was murdered at her wish. Ptolemy XVI., Cæsarion, was named co-regent. Antony ordered Cleopatra to appear before him, and was ROMANS. and Cornelius Gallus the first prefect of Egypt ; under the comes a third prefect, Aelius Gallus, Candace, Queen of the Ethiopians, Roman invaded Egypt, but was defeated. Province. Egypt be. A A.D. Tiberius. In his reign Germanicus went to Egypt, sailing 14 up the Nile from the city of Canopus to Thebes, where he visited the temples of Luxor and Karnak, and heard the priest read on the pylons the names of conquered nations which still exist on them by the score. Passing over to the other side of the river, Tacitus tells us (II., 61) that he saw the stone image of Memnon, which, when struck by the sun's rays, gave out the sound of a human voice, and there is little Germani. cus travels. doubt that he visited the Tombs of the Kings, the Ramesseum Throtron and the temples at Medînet Habû. He passed on to Syene, Egypt. where he visited the island of Elephantine, and either going up or coming down the river, he saw Lake Moeris and the Pyramids. Caligula. 41 Nero. In his reign Christianity was first preached in 55 Egypt by Saint Mark. The Blemmyes made raids upon the n the Blemmyes southern frontier of Egypt. Egypt. Trajan. The Amnis Trajanus, or canal which joined the Hadrian. He visited Egypt twice. Caracalla visited Egypt, and caused a large number of 211 young men to be massacred in Alexandria. Macrinus. Diocletian. “Pompey's Pillar” erected A.D. 302. The 117 180 218 324 AD. 337 379 395 408 Constantius. Theodosius I., the Great, proclaimed Christianity the religion of his empire. BYZANTINES. Marcianus. In this reign Silco invaded Egypt, with his Zeno. Heraclius expelled the Persians from Egypt after they had held it, under Chosroes, for ten years. 474 481 527 610 Egypt. years. MUHAMMADANS. 628 'Amr ibn el-'Âşi conquers Egypt, and the country becomes Arab con- a part of the Muḥammadan empire for about nine hundred quest of 1517 Selim I., of Constantinople, deposes Tūmân Bey, and Egypt becomes a Turkish Pashalik. 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte stormed Alexandria, battle of the Pyramids, and French fleet destroyed off Abukîr by the English 1801 The French compelled by the English to evacuate Egypt. 1805 Muḥammad 'Ali appointed Pasha of Egypt. 1848 Ibrâhîm Pasha. 1849 Death of Muḥammad ‘Ali. 1854 Said Pasha. During his reign the Balâk Museum was founded, and the excavation of the Suez Canal began. 1863 Ismail, son of Ibrâhîm Pasha, made Khedive. Suez Canal opened, 1869. Massacre of Europeans at Alexandria, bombardment of the town by the English fleet in July ; Egypt was occupied by English troops, and 'Arabi Pasha defeated. Murder of Gordon, and abandonment of the Sûdân. 1892 English troops continue to occupy Egypt. 1882 1885 LIST OF EGYPTIAN DYNASTIES AND THE DATES ASSIGNED TO THEM BY EGYPTOLOGISTS. VI 4,751 3,300 3,100 5,867 ||||||||||| 3,061 2,851 2,500 2,466 2,233 Chois ... 2,IOI 2,398 $2,214 Thinis... 3,892 3,338 Memphis 2,744 2,592 .. 2,423 XII Thebes 2,380 XIII Thebes 2,136 XIV 2,167 1,684 1,591 XIX Thebes 1,443 XX Thebes 1,269 | Tanis XXI |{1,091 | Thebes XXII Bubastis XXIII Tanis ... | Saïs ... XXIV | Ethiopia 729 XXV Ethiopia 716 XXVI Sais... 685 XXVII Persia ... 525 1,703 1,462 1,288 1,700 1,400 1,279 1,200 1,110 980 971 810 721 1 Königsbuch, Berlin, 1858, Synoptische Tafeln, taf. 4-8. 2 L'Univers. Egypte Ancienne, Paris, 1839, p. 269. 3 Notice des Principaux Monuments du Musée à Boulaq, Paris, 1869, p. 15. 4 The Ancient Egyptians, ed. Birch, 1878, Vol. I, p. 28 ff. 5 Egypt under the Pharaohs, ed. 1880, Vol. II, pp. 341-346. |