ANALYSIS. more of his political rights as proprietor, and constituted Maryland a royal government. 1692. 1. Adminis tration of Copley. 2. Remaining history of Maryland previous to 27. 'In the following year Sir Lionel Copley arrived as royal governor,-the principles of the proprietary adSir Lionel ministration were subverted, religious toleration was abolished, and the Church of England was established as the religion of the state, and was supported by taxation. 28. After an interval of more than twenty years, the legal proprietor, in the person of the infant heir of Lord Baltimore, was restored to his rights, and Maryland again became a proprietary government, under which it remained until the Revolution. Few events of interest mark its subsequent history, until, as an independent state, it adopted a constitution, when the claims of the proprietor to jurisdiction and property were finally rejected. the revolu tion. a 1715, 1716. Subject of Chapter IX. 3. Early Swedish settlements nia. b. See p 223. CHAPTER IX. PENNSYLVANIA.* 1. As early as 1643 the Swedes, who had previously settled near Wilmington, in Delaware, erected a fort on in Pennsylva the island of Tinicum, a few miles below Philadelphia; and here the Swedish governor, John Printz, established his residence. Settlements clustered along the western bank of the Delaware, and Pennsylvania was thus colonized by Swedes, nearly forty years before the grant of the territory to William Penn. 1681. 4. Grant to William c. March 14. 5. Considera tion of this grant. 2. In 1681, William Penn, son of Admiral Penn, a member of the society of Friends, obtained of Charles II. a grant of all the lands embraced in the present state of Pennsylvania. This grant was given, as expressed in the charter, in consideration of the desire of Penn to enlarge the boundaries of the British empire, and reduce the natives, by just and gentle treatment, to the love of civil society and the Christian religion; and, in addition, as a recompense for unrequited services rendered by his father to the British nation. * PENNSYLVANIA contains an area of about 46,000 square miles. The central part of the state is covered by the numerous ridges of the Alleghanies, running N.E. and S. W., but on both sides of the mountains the country is either level or moderately hilly, and the soil is generally excellent. Iron ore is widely disseminated in Pennsylvania, and the coal regions are very extensive The bituminous, or soft coal, is found in inexhaustible quantities west of the Alleghanies, and anthracite, or hard coal, on the east, particularly between the Blue Ridge and the N. branch of the Susquehanna. The principal ccal-field is sixty-five miles in length with al average breadth of about five miles. 1 Views of noble aim. 3. The enlarged and liberal views of Penn, however, 1681. embraced objects of even more extended benevolence than those expressed in the royal charter. His noble aim was Penn, and his to open, in the New World, an asylum where civil and religious liberty should be enjoyed; and where, under the benign influence of the principles of PEACE, those of every sect, color, and clime, might dwell together in unity and love. As Pennsylvania included the principal settlements 2 Proclamaof the Swedes, Penn issued a proclamation to the inhab- tion made by itants, in which he assured them of his ardent desire for a April. their welfare, and promised that they should live a free people, and be governed by laws of their own making. 4. Penn now published a flattering account of the province, and an invitation to purchasers, and during the same year three ships, with emigrants, mostly Quakers, sailed for Pennsylvania. In the first came William Markham, agent of the proprietor, and deputy-governor, tion given to who was instructed to govern in harmony with law,-to Markham. confer with the Indians respecting their lands, and to conclude with them a league of peace. In the same year 5. Penn's let Penn addressed a letter to the natives, declaring himself ter to the na and them responsible to the same God, who had written his law in the hearts of all, and assuring them of his "great love and regard for them," and his "resolution to live justly, peaceably, and friendly" with them. Invitation and stent to settlers, first emigration. b. May and Oct. 4 Instruc tives. c. Oct. 28. 1682. 6 Frame of government, $.c. d. May 15. 7 Release 5. Early in the following year Penn published a "frame of government," and a code of laws, which were to be submitted to the people of his province for their approval. 'He soon after obtained from the duke of York a release of all his claims to the territory of Pennsylvania, and grant and likewise a grant of the present state of Delaware, then called THE TERRITORIES, or, "The Three Lower e. Aug 31. Counties on the Delaware." In September Penn himself, with a large number of emigrants of his own religious persuasion, sailed for America, and on the sixth of November following landed at Newcastle. Duke of York. f Sept 3. 8. Jenn's visit to America. 9. Erents that occurred men arely after his arrival. g Nov 7. 10 Relations tished with already estab 6. On the day after his arrival he received in public, from the agent of the Duke of York, a surrender of "The Territories ;"-made a kind address to the people, and renewed the commissions of the former magistrates. 10In accordance with his directions a friendly correspondence had been opened with the neighboring tribes of Indians, by the deputy-governor Markham; they had assented to the form of a treaty, and they were now invited to a conference for the purpose of giving it their ratifica- conference tion. "At a spot which is now the site of Kensington,' * the Indians. 11 Indian at Kensing Kensington constitutes a suburb of Philadelphia, in the N.E. part of the city, bordering ANALYSIS. one of the suburbs of Philadelphia, the Indian chiefs assembled at the head of their armed warriors; and here they were met by William Penn, at the head of an un armed train of his religious associates, all clad in the simple Quaker garb, which the Indians long after venerated as the habiliments of peace. 1 Penn's address to the Indians. 3. Promises of the Indians. on the Delaware; and, though it has a separate government of its own, it should be regarded as a part of the city. (See Map.) *The Schuylkill River, in the eastern part of Pennsylvania, rises by three principal branches in Schuylkill County, and pursuing a S.E course, enters Delaware River five miles below Philadelphia. Vessela of from 300 to 400 tons ascend it to the western wharves of Philadelphia. (See Map.) Philadelphia City, now the second in size and population in the United States, is situated between the Delaware and the Schuylkill Rivers, five miles above their junction, and 120 miles, by the Delaware River, from the ocean. It is about eighty miles, in "Brotherly Love." "The groves of chestnut, walnut, and pine, which marked the site, were commemorated by the names given to the principal streets. At the end of a year the city numbered eighty dwellings, and at the end of two years it contained a population of two thousand five hundred inhabitants. 1684. 1. Names of the streets. Growth of the city. assembly 10. The second assembly of the province was held in 3. The second the infant city in March, 1683. The "frame of government," and the laws previously agreed upon, were amended at the suggestion of Penn; and, in their place, 4 Penn's liberality to a charter of liberties, signed by him, was adopted, which a. April 12. rendered Pennsylvania, nearly all but in name, a represertative democracy. While in the other colonies the proprietors reserved to themselves the appointment of the the people. judicial and executive officers, William Penn freely surrendered these powers to the people. His highest ambition, so different from that of the founders of most colonies, was to do good to the people of his care; and to his dying day he declared that if they needed any thing more to make them happier, he would readily grant it. 11. 'In August, 1684, Penn sailed for England, having first appointed five commissioners of the provincial council, with Thomas Lloyd as president, to administer the government during his absence. Little occurred to disturb the quiet of the province until 1691, when the "three lower counties on the Delaware," dissatisfied with some proceedings of a majority of the council, withdrew from the Union, and, with the reluctant consent of the proprietor, a separate deputy-governor was then appointed over them. 1684. & Tele Penn's re ernment after turn to England. 1691. withdrawware from the al of Dela Union. b. April 11. ernment of 1694 c. Oct 31. d. May. 12. In the mean time James II. had been driven from 7. Penn's im prisonment his throne, and William Penn was several times imprison- in England ed in England, in consequence of his supposed adherence 1692. to the cause of the fallen monarch. In 1692 Penn's 8. The gov provincial government was taken from him, by a royal the province commission to Governor Fletcher, of New York; who, from t the following year, reunited Delaware to Pennsylvania, and extended the royal authority over both. Soon after, e. Aug. 30. the suspicions against Penn were removed, and in August, 1694, he was restored to his proprietary rights. 13. In the latter part of the year 1699 Penn again visited his colony, but instead of the quiet and repose which he expected, he found the people dissatisfied, and demanding still farther concessions and privileges. He therefore presented" them another charter, or frame, of 9. Condition of the prov ince in 1699. 10 Penn's labors to sat f. Dec. 30. isfy the people, g. Nov. 7, 1701. a direct line, S.W. from New York, and 125 N.E. from Washington. The compact part of the city is now more than eight miles in circumference. (See Map, p. 248.) ANALYSIS government, more liberal than the former, and conferring a Oct. 20. 1702. Final sepa rain of Del aware from Pennsylva nia 2. Penn's presence re England. b. Dec. 1701. 1718. greater powers on the people; but all his efforts could not remove the objections of the delegates of the lower counties, who had already withdrawn from the assembly, and who now refused to receive the charter continuing their union with Pennsylvania. 'In the following year the legislature of Pennsylvania was convened apart, and in 1703 the two colonies agreed to the separation. They were never again united in legislation, although the same governor still continued to preside over both. 14. 'Immediately after the grant of the last charter, quired in Penn returned to England, where his presence was necessary to resist a project which the English ministers had formed, of abolishing all the proprietary governments in America. He died in England in 1718, leaving his interest in Pennsylvania and Delaware to his sons John, Thomas, and Richard Penn, who continued to administer the government, most of the time by deputies, until the American revolution, when the commonwealth purchased all their claims in the province for about 580,000 dollars. 3. Death of Penn, and subsequent history of the colony. (For a more full account of the Quakers or Friends, see Appendix, p. 311 to p. 319.) Subject of Chapter X. 4. Early attempts to Carolina. c. 1595, 6, 7. See p 131. 5 Grant to CHAPTER X. NORTH CAROLINA.* 1. The early attempts of the English, under Sir settle North Walter Raleigh, to form a settlement on the coast of North Carolina, have already been mentioned. About forty years later, the king of England granted to Sir Robert Heath a large tract of country lying between the 30th and 36th degrees of north latitude, which was erected in6. Why de to a province by the name of Carolina. 'No settlements, clared void. however, were made under the grant, which, on that ac 7. When and count, was afterwards declared void. Sir Robert Heath. d. 1630. by whom Carolina was 2. 'Between 1640 and 1650 exploring parties from. and settled Virginia penetrated into Carolina, and from the same Arat explored * NORTH CAROLINA, one of the Southern States, lying next south of Virginia, contains an area of nearly 50,000 square miles. Along the whole coast is a narrow ridge of sand, separated from the mainland in some places by narrow, and in other places by broad sounds and bays. The country for more than sixty miles from the coast is a low sandy plain, with many swamps and marshes, and inlets from the sea. The natural growth of this region is almost universally pitch pine. Above the falls of the rivers the country becomes uneven, and the soil more fertile. In the western part of the state is an elevated table land, and some high ranges of the Alleghanies. Black Mountain, the highest point in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, is 6476 feet high. The gold region of North Carolina lies on both sides of the Blue Ridge, in the S. Western part of the state. |