MADRIGAL I

This life, which seems so fair,

Is like a bubble blown up in the air

By sporting children's breath,

Who chase it everywhere,

And strive who can most motion it bequeath; 5
And though it sometime seem of its own might,
Like to an eye of gold, to be fix'd there,
And firm to hover in that empty height,
That only is because it is so light.

But in that pomp it doth not long appear;

For even when most admir'd, it in a thought, As swell'd from nothing, doth dissolve in nought.

FROM URANIA

IX

Thrice happy he, who by some shady grove,
Far from the clamorous world doth live his own,
Though solitare, yet who is not alone,
But doth converse with that eternal love.
O how more sweet is birds' harmonious moan, 5
Or the soft sobbings of the widow'd dove,
Than those smooth whisp'rings near a prince's
throne,

Which good make doubtful, do the evil approve!
O how more sweet is zephyr's wholesome breath,
And sighs perfum'd, which do the flowers unfold,
Than that applause vain honour doth bequeath!
How sweet are streams to poison drunk in gold!
The world is full of horrors, falsehoods, slights;
Woods' silent shades have only true delights.

JOHN FORD (fl. 1639)

FROM THE LOVER'S MELANCHOLY

ACT I, SCENE I

100

MEN. Passing from Italy to Greece, the tales Which poets of an elder time have feigned To glorify their Tempe, bred in me Desire of visiting that paradise. To Thessaly I came; and living private, Without acquaintance of more sweet companions Than the old inmates to my love, my thoughts, I day by day frequented silent groves And solitary walks. One morning early This accident encountered me: I heard The sweetest and most ravishing contention That art and nature ever were at strife in. AMET. I cannot yet conceive what you infer By art and nature.

163

A sound of music touched mine ears, or rather Indeed entranced my soul. As I stole nearer, Invited by the melody, I saw

This youth, this fair-faced youth, upon his lute, With strains of strange variety and harmony, Proclaiming, as it seemed, so bold a challenge To the clear quiristers of the woods, the birds, That, as they flocked about him, all stood silent, Wondering at what they heard. I wondered too. AMET. And so do I; good, on!

He could not run division with more art
Upon his quaking instrument than she,
The nightingale, did with her various notes
Reply to; for a voice and for a sound,
Amethus, 'tis much easier to believe
That such they were than hope to hear again.
AMET. How did the rivals part?

133

MEN. You term them rightly; For they were rivals, and their mistress, harmony. Some time thus spent, the young man grew at last Into a pretty anger, that a bird, Whom art had never taught cliffs, moods, or notes, Should vie with him for mastery, whose study Had busied many hours to perfect practice: To end the controversy, in a rapture Upon his instrument he plays so swiftly, So many voluntaries and so quick, That there was curiosity and cunning, Concord in discord, lines of differing method Meeting in one full centre of delight.

AMET. Now for the bird!

MEN.

140

The bird, ordained to be Music's first martyr, strove to imitate

These several sounds; which when her warbling

"Alas, poor creature! I will soon revenge
This cruelty upon the author of it;
Henceforth this lute, guilty of innocent blood,
Shall never more betray a harmless peace
To an untimely end;" and in that sorrow,

GEORGE WITHER (1588–1667)

FROM FAIR VIRTUE, THE MISTRESS OF PHILARETÉ

FAIR VIRTUE'S SWEET GRACES

Think not, though, my Muse now sings Mere absurd or feigned things! If to gold I like her hair,

Or to stars her eyes so fair,

Though I praise her skin by snow,
Or by pearls her double-row,
'Tis that you might gather thence
Her unmatched excellence.

Eyes as fair (for eyes) hath she
As stars fair (for stars) may be.
And each part as fair doth show

In its kind as white in snow.

'Tis no grace to her at all,
If her hair I sunbeams call;
For, were there power in art

So to portrait every part,

All men might those beauties see

As they do appear to me,

I would scorn to make compare
With the glorious'st things that are.
Nought I e'er saw fair enow
But the hair the hair to show;
Yet some think him over bold
That compares it but to gold.
He from reason seems to err
Who, commending of his dear,
Gives her lips the rubies' hue,
Or by pearls her teeth doth shew;
But what pearls, what rubies can
Seem so lovely fair to man
As her lips whom he doth love,

When in sweet discourse they move?

Or her lovelier teeth, the while

She doth bless him with a smile?
Stars, indeed, fair creatures be!
Yet, amongst us, where is he
Joys not more, the while he lies
Sunning in his mistress' eyes
Than in all the glimmering light
Of a starry winter's night?

370

380

390

400

Him to flatter most suppose, That prefers before the rose, Or the lilies while they grow, Or the flakes of new-fall'n snow, Her complexion whom he loveth; And yet this, my Muse approveth. For in such a beauty meets Unexpressèd moving sweets, That the like unto them no man Ever saw but in a woman.

Look on moon! on stars! or sun!
All God's creatures overrun !
See if all of them presents

To your mind, such sweet contents;
Or if you from them can take
Ought that may a beauty make,
Shall one half so pleasing prove
As is hers whom you do love!

SONNET IV

Shall I, wasting in despair,
Die, because a woman's fair?

Or make pale my cheeks with care, 'Cause another's rosy are?

Be she fairer than the day,

Or the flowery meads in May!
If she be not so to me,

What care I how fair she be?

Should my heart be grieved or pined, 'Cause I see a woman kind?

Or a well disposed nature

Joinèd with a lovely feature?
Be she meeker, kinder than
Turtle dove, or pelican!

But he whose wisdom hath contrived
His glory with our full content,
Hath from himself a means derived
Our love's distractions to prevent;

One body of all saints he makes,
And for his bride that one he takes.

So every member doth obtain
Full love from all, returning too
Full love to all of them again,

As members of one body do!

None jealous, but all striving how
Most love to others to allow.

For as the soul is all in all,

And all through ev'ry member too,
Love, in that body mystical,
Is as the soul, and fits it so:
Uniting them to God as near
As to each other they are dear.
The love they want to entertain
Such overflowing love as His,
He adds, which they return again,
To make up love which perfect is;

That He may His own love employ,
And both find perfect love and joy.

The seed of this content was sown
When God the spacious world did frame,
And ever since that seed hath grown,
To be an honour to His name.

And when the saints are sealed all,
This hidden truth unseal He shall.

THOMAS HEYWOOD (d. 1650?)

GO, PRETTY BIRDS!

Ye little birds, that sit and sing
Amidst the shady valleys,
And see how Phillis sweetly walks

Within her garden alleys,

Go, pretty birds, about her bower!
Sing, pretty birds, she may not lower!
Ah me! methinks, I see her frown!
Ye pretty wantons, warble!

Go, tell her, through your chirping bills,
As you by me are bidden,

To her is only known my love;

Which from the world is hidden.

Go, pretty birds, and tell her so!

See that your notes strain not too low! For still, methinks, I see her frown!

Ye pretty wantons, warble!

36

42

48

54

60

8

16

150

No thirst of glory tempts me, for my strains
Befit poor shepherds on the lowly plains;
The hope of riches cannot draw from me
One line that tends to servile flattery,
Nor shall the most in titles on the earth
Blemish my Muse with an adulterate birth,
Nor make me lay pure colours on a ground
Where nought substantial can be ever found.
No; such as sooth a base and dunghill spirit 155
With attributes fit for the most of merit,
Cloud their free Muse; as, when the sun doth
shine

On straw and dirt mix'd by the sweating hyne,
It nothing gets from heaps so much impure
But noisome steams that do his light obscure.
My freeborn Muse will not like Danae be, 161
Won with base dross to clip with slavery;
Nor lend her choicer balm to worthless men,

165

Whose names would die but for some hired pen.
No; if I praise, virtue shall draw me to it,
And not a base procurement make me do it.
What now I sing is but to pass away
A tedious hour, as some musicians play;
Or make another my own griefs bemoan;
Or to be least alone when most alone.
In this can I as oft as I will choose
Hug sweet content by my retired Muse,
And in a study find as much to please
As others in the greatest palaces.

Each man that lives, according to his power,
On what he loves bestows an idle hour.
Instead of hounds that make the wooded hills
Talk in a hundred voices to the rills,

I like the pleasing cadence of a line

170

176

Struck by the consort of the sacred Nine. 180
In lieu of hawks, the raptures of my soul
Transcend their pitch and baser earth's control.
For running horses, Contemplation flies
With quickest speed to win the greatest prize.
For courtly dancing, I can take more pleasure 185
To hear a verse keep time and equal measure.
For winning riches, seek the best directions
How I may well subdue mine own affections.
For raising stately piles for heirs to come,
Here in this poem I erect my tomb.
And Time may be so kind in these weak lines
To keep my name enroll'd past his that shines
In gilded marble or in brazen leaves:

190

146

Now was the Lord and Lady of the May Meeting the May-pole at the break of day, And Cælia, as the fairest on the green, Not without some maids' envy chosen queen. Now was the time com'n, when our gentle swain Must in his harvest or lose all again. Now must he pluck the rose lest other hands, Or tempests, blemish what so fairly stands: And therefore, as they had before decreed, Our shepherd gets a boat, and with all speed, 150 In night, that doth on lovers' actions smile, Arrived safe on Mona's fruitful isle.

Between two rocks (immortal, without mother,) That stand as if out-facing one another,