of Christ, erected an immense amphitheatre, called the Coliseum. The Coliseum was a wall of an oval form without a roof. This wall was built, "arches on arches" four stories high, it enclosed an area 550 feet in length, 470 in breadth, and its height was 160. The seats were disposed within the wall so as to accommodate 80,000 spectators. 'This vast and wonderous monument" yet stands in ruins, and is an object which no one can behold without many melancholy thoughts.

The hunting tribes of air and earth,
Respect the brethren of their birth;
Nature who loves the claim of kind,
Less cruel chase to each assigned.

The falcon, pois'd on soaring wing,
Watches the wild-duck of the spring;
The slow-hound wakes the fox's lair,
The greyhound presses on the hare;
The eagle pounces on the lamb,
The wolf devours the fleecy dam;
Even tyger fell, and sullen bear,
'Their likeness and their lineage spare.
Man, only, mars kind nature's plan,
And turns the fierce pursuit on man;
Plying war's desultory trade,
Incursion, flight and ambuscade,
Since Nimrod, Cush's mighty son
At first the bloody game begun.

Predatory animals are those which subsist upon the destruction of other animals. Some of the predatory animals and their prey are pointed out in the verses above cited. Animals of the same species do not prey upon each other. They some times fight among themselves, but this is "when man disturbs the economy of nature's realm"that is, when men take the lower animals from a wild state, and domesticate them, and excite them to hurt one another: as cocks are made to fight, as hungry dogs contend for food; and as pigeons, when they are kept in flocks, and are accidentally mis-mated, tear each other-but brute animals, naturally spare their own kind.

2. While the people of Europe were in that state of ignorance which existed among them about 700 years ago, and indeed in later times, there were not only public but private wars. A public war is declared by the government of one country against that of another, and the governments of each of

the two countries pay soldiers to kill as many of the army of the other as they can. When a great number of men has been killed, and much property has been taken and kept, or destroyed by one of the armies, that army which has lost the most is said to be conquered; and after having been conquered is forced to make peace with the victorious or conquering army, just as the commander of the army, or the government which he serves requires. In wars, the soldiers of the two armies do not feel any ill will to one another-they are hired to fight, and they often believe that they are procuring benefits to their country by it.

3. Private wars were quarrels between neighbours which the governments of countries permitted them to settle as nations settle theirs-by force of arms. There is aggressive war, defensive war, predatory war, and civil war. That is aggressive warfare which one army leaves its own country and marches into another to undertake. The people who are attacked by the aggressive party endeavour to keep their property and expel their enemy: they carry on a defensive warfare. Sometimes an industrious people who possess flocks, and an abundance of the necessaries of life, and who live near a more idle and destitute people, are exposed to predatory incursions of these poorer neighbours. The border wars of the English and the Scots were of this kind. The English were exposed to inroads of the Scots, and many beautiful stories have been told concerning these wars. Civil war, war of fellow cens and neighbours.

4. The more save and uncivilized men are, the more willingly they engage in wars.

One of

the earliest navigators from this country to the

north western coast of America, told the water of these pages, that on his first approach to that hitherto unexplored shore, the first object that presented itself was a long canoe, containing about twenty natives of the country, each bearing upon the end of the rude spear which he held in his hand, the head of one of the neighbouring tribes, whom they had beaten in a recent encounter. The horror of this spectacle was increased by the cries of exultation which these infatuated wretches poured forth, and the ferocious joy expressed in their faces. This is war-not dressed out in elegant apparel, nor recommended by fine music, but in naked deformity. Among civilized men war loses some of its shocking appearances, but none of its destructive purposes.

5. When Milton in the Paradise Lost makes an angel foreshow to Adam the calamities which awaited his posterity, he thus describes this great curse of the human race.

He look'd, and saw wide territory spread
Before him, towns, and rural works between,
Cities of men with lofty gates and tow'rs,
Concourse in arms, fierce faces threat'ning war,
Giants of mighty bone, and bold emprise ;
Part wield their arms, part curb the foaming steed,
Single or in array of battle rang'd

Both horse and foot, nor idly must'ring stood ;-
One way a band select from forage drives
A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine
From a fat meadow ground; or fleecy flock,
Ewes and their bleating lambs over the plain,
Their booty;

6. Scarce with life the shepherds fly, But call in aid, which makes a bloody fray; With cruel tournament the squadrons join; Where cattle pastur'd late, now scatter'd lies With carcasses and arms th' ensanguin'd field, Deserted others to a city throng,

:

Lay siege, encamp'd; by battery, scale, and mine, Assaulting; others from the wall defend

With dart and javelin, stones and sulphurous fire;
On each hand slaughter and gigantic deeds.
Adam was all in tears, and to his guide
Lamenting turn'd full sad. O what are these,
Death's ministers, not men. who thus deal death
Inhumanly to men, and multiply

Ten thousand fold the sin of him who slew
His brother: for of whom such massacre
Make they, out of their brethren-men of men?
7. These continues the poet are,

Men of high renown;

For in those days might only shall be admired, And valour and heroic virtue call'd.

To overcome in battle, and subdue

Nations, and bring home spoils with infinite
Man-slaughter, shall be held the highest pitch
Of human glory, and for glory done

Of triumph, to be styl'd great conquerors,
Patrons of mankind, gods, and sons of gods,-
Destroyers rightlier call'd and plagues of men.
Thus fame shall be achieved, renown on earth,
And what most merits fame in silence hid.

8. It is the order of Providence to bring good out of evil. Wars have not been without use to mankind. The Assyrians conquered the Jews,