no purpose that he can see but that this or that trust or monopoly should gain thereby some trade concession. He is told that trade follows the flag, but he is beginning to wonder how profitable that trade will be to him if for each $1,000 of trade so won he is compelled to pay a million dollars for protection. He is coming to realize that the money spent to-day for the maintenance of armed peace would pay for the reclamation of every desert and arid tract of land on earth; would supply millions of people with homes; would establish industrial education throughout the entire world, and put every unemployed man to profitable labor; that it would establish a world-wide system of old age pensions, or enable man to successfully combat poverty and disease. It would mean that the millions of picked men who comprise the standing armies of the world could return to the pursuit of arts and industries. It would do all these and a thousand other things, but above all it would promote the universal happiness of mankind. William Penn's plan for universal peace was not a dream; his estimate of the resultant good will yet be proven true. In the prosecution of this work none should deprecate the great good that must result from free discussion of the entire question, nor should we fail to recognize the power for good that rests in the hands of women organized for the promotion of human happiness. The Massachusetts Federation, with its 200 clubs and upwards of 25,000 members, has established a noble record during the fourteen years since its formation. Nor is it to be wondered at with the venerable Mrs. Howe acting as its president during the first years of its growth. To few persons in the world belong a greater part in the abolition of slavery than is her share, and it is to her and to the mothers of the world that we must look for support in the grandest work ever undertaken by mankind, the abolition of war. It is woman who is ever called upon to make the supreme sacrifice. While the world rings from end to renown. end with the glory of this or that military hero, no word is heard of the mother who bore him, no word is heard of the mothers of those who gave their lives for his No thought is taken of the hopes and fears which beset each mother's heart during the long years from infancy to manhood, when as she fondly hoped he would stand beside her in his full strength, her pride and protector. None reck of her misery when that day has come and she learns in sorrow and bitterness that a mocking fate has decreed that the son whom she brought into the world in pain and anguish was destined to be but food for gunpowder. Julia Ward Howe's "Appeal to Womanhood" still rings throughout the world. The day described by Whittier is not far distant: When earth as on some evil dreams Looks back upon her wars, And the white light of Christ out-streams His fame who led the stormy van Of battle well may cease, But never that which crowns the man Whose victory is peace. Who can blame the mothers of men in all the world if, until that day shall come, we find them like Zimena, "The Angel of Buena Vista," breathing forth their reproach on the battle field as they minister to the fallen friend and foe: A bitter curse upon them, poor boy, who led thee forth, From some gentle, sad-eyed mother, weeping lonely in the North. THE OLD LATIN SCHOOL. AT KING'S CHAPEL EXERCISES, SEPTEMBER 23, 1907. As I stand here in this magnificent presence, in this house of prayer and praise, I cannot help thinking how appropriate it is that these exercises take place in King's Chapel, for is it not true that when the communicants of this church needed larger accommodations, the Latin School changed its residence to a site on the opposite side of the street and "Learning gave way to the church." How many of our citizens know, or for a moment recall, that School street takes its name from the fact that on this street stood for generations the first free public school in America, the Latin Grammar School, whose children assemble here to-day to commemorate in bronze the first successful protest of the American boy against foreign oppression. In your Fourth of July oration of the year 1897, Dr. Hale, you say: "I believe that if I were in your Honor's chair next January, on one of those holidays which nobody knows what to do with, I would commemorate the first great victory of 1775. To do this well I would issue an order that any school boy in Boston who would bring his sled to School street might coast down hill all day there in memory of that famous coasting in January, 1775, when the Latin School boys told the English general that to coast on School street had been their right 'from time immemorial,' and when they won that right from him." While there may be serious practical objections to such an annual commemoration, we are here to-day to show that we are not forgetful of the event and that we hold in grateful memory the boys who in the morning of the Revolution knew "their rights and knowing dared maintain them." As the representative of the city government in accepting from you this tablet commemorative of the independent spirit of Latin School boys of a bygone generation, I am possessed with a feeling of honorable pride in the knowledge that I, too, am a Latin School boy. In the establishment of the Latin School, antedating by a few years the founding of Harvard College, the forefathers laid the foundation of the now universal system of free education that is native only to American soil. From the beginning the school has been a perfect type of democratic institution. Here the child of the most aristocratic citizen of the colony sat side by side with the boy whose father occupied the most humble position; here caste had no meaning. Perfect equality was guaranteed to every one within the colony. For the old world question as to the rank and quality of the individual voiced in the query "Who is he?" was substituted the inquiry "What is he?" It was the individual himself who counted in those days of empire building. All were on the same level; he only was considered most worthy who exhibited the greatest ability. Nor during the 272 years of the school's existence has there been a change in this respect. A descendant of the signer of the Declaration of Independence will be found sitting side by side with the son of a recently arrived immigrant, neither having a monopoly of the honors, and each equally proud of the traditions of his beloved school. GENERAL BOOTH. WELCOME, SEPTEMBER 27, 1907. In welcoming General Booth to our City of Boston, I fully appreciate the great honor that is mine, in that I am to-day the bearer of Boston's welcome to one of the greatest figures in the Christian world. It is because I welcome to our city the living personification of an idea; of the sublime courage that knows not defeat; of the perfect charity that can see none lost, that can see none suffer, but best of all, one whose broad tolerance and abiding faith in human nature enables him to discern the good in even the lowest and most degraded of God's creatures. It is due to his perfect optimism and to his ability to discover the little grain of gold that exists in the moral dross of every man however debased or fallen. Throughout the world his fame has gone as one of the greatest men of our time; one who has performed a great and noble work, and unlike the fate of most men who give their lives for the uplifting of their fellows, honor has come to him in his lifetime. His whole life, since that day forty-six years ago when he took up his burden for the sake of humanity, has been one of unceasing toil and persistent endeavor; years of it spent beneath the jeering scorn of an unthinking and unheeding world. A little tent in the old burial ground at Mile End road in East London was his first tabernacle; the denizens of Whitechapel formed his first congregation. From that small beginning has grown the great organization that exists to-day as the Salvation Army, an organization represented in fifty-three countries and numbering 700 army corps, 18,000 officers and millions of privates, each and all of whom are imbued with a moiety of the indomitable will that inspired their leader. In every possible way have his energies been bent to the task of |