Brandywine, battle of, 429.
Brasidas, 66.

Bravalla, battle of, 207.

Brazil, discovered, 284; independent, 488.
Breda, compromise, 330; declaration of,
378; treaty of, 358, 364, 379.

Bremen, free city, 222; in league of Rhine
cities, 249; not ceded to Sweden, 316;
remains free in 1803, 464.

Bremen, bishopric, ceded to Sweden as a

duchy, 316; Danes capture and sell to
Hanover, 396.

Brennus, British prince (?) 37; at Rome,
100.

Brentford, affair of, 347.

Breogan, 39.

Brienne, de, 447.

Bright, John, 542; resignation, 546.
Brissot, Girondist, 451, 452, 454.

Bristol, captured, 267; by Rupert, 347; sur-
rendered, 349.

Britain, geography, religion, mythical his-
tory, 36; probable history to the year
411, 37; Irish invasion, 39; expedition
of Cæsar, 139; conquest begun, 150; de-
scription, 163, 164; Roman Britain, 176;
Teutonic conquest, 176. See England.
Britannicus, 150.

Brithnoth, death of, 205.
British Museum founded, 439.
Brittany (Bretagne), independent, 182, 201;
under Henry II. of England, 231; con-
tested succession, 257; final union with
French crown, 320; annexed to France,
333.

"Broad Bottom Ministry," 438.
Broglie ministry, 527, 529, 533.
Bromsebro, peace of, 315, 352.
Brook, Lord, grant in Conn., 296.
Brougham, lord chancellor, 539.
Brown, John, hanged, 556.

Bruce, claimant for Scottish crown, 264.

Bruce, Robert, coronation, 269; wins Ban-

nockburn, 267; death, 268.

Bruhl, c., 403.

Brunanburh, battle of, 205.
Brundisium, siege of, 141.
Brunhilde, 181.

Brunswick, 222, 316, 490.

Brunswick, d. of, manifesto, 452; com-
mands Prussians, 469; expedition, 472.
Brunswick-Lüneburg, duchy of, 224.
Brute, 37.

Brutus, Decimus, 144, 145.

Brutus, L. Junius, 89; consul, 93; puts
his son to death in 509 (accidentally
omitted from the first paragraph in page
95).

Brutus, M. Junius, 133; murder of Cæsar,

144; death, 145.

Brythonic Celts, 37.

Buccaneers, 417.

I., 341 assassination, 343; (4) favorite of
Charles 11., 380.

Buddha, 23.

Buddhism, its origin, 23: introduced into
China, 31; into Japan, 33.

Buena Vista, surrender of, 554.
Bulgaria, revolt in, 521; principality of,
523, 524.

Bull of Alexander VI., dividing the world,
282; ausculta fili, 254; clericis laicos,
254, 266.

Bull, golden, of the H. R. E., 248; of IIun-
gary, 277.

Bull Run, battles of, 557.
Bunker's Hill, battle of, 427.
Bunyan, John, 389.
Bunzelwitz, 405.

Burford, battle of, 180.

Burghley, baron, 328.

Burgoyne, gen., 428; surrender of, 429.
Burgundians, on the Oder, 161; around
Worms, 170, 171; on the Rhone and
Saône, 172; subjugated, 181.

Burgundy (see Burgundians), part of
Frankish kingdom, in the second divis-
ion, 181; in the third, 182; given to
Lothar in the treaty of Verdun, 187;
after his death, assigned to the west
Franks, 193; divided into transjurane
under Rudolf, 209; and cisjurane under
Boso, 193, 201; these two united into the
kingdom of Burgundy or Arles, 198;
which Rudolf III. bequeathed to Henry
II., 198; and which was united with the
empire, 198; the duchy of Burgundy re-
mained with France, was seized by John
II., and given to Philip the Bold, 258;
growth of its power, strife with kings of
France, 259; Burgundy and Orléans, 259;
in the Hundred Years' War, 260; death of
Charles the Bold, the duchy united with
France, 262; the other Burgundian lands
fell to Maximilian of Germany, 253, 301;
the duchy claimed by Charles V., 302;
these claims renounced by Charles, 305;
new kingdom of Burgundy proposed by
Joseph II., 408.

Burke, Edmund, 441.

Burkersdorf, battle of, 406.

Burleigh, baron, sec. of state, 338.
Burlingame, Anson, 562.

Burma, 22, 30; invasion of, 444; 1st Bur-
mese war, 541; 2d, 546; annexed to In-
dia, 546.

Burnet, b. of Salisbury, 386.

Burnet, William, gov. of New York, 417;
of Mass., 418.

Burnside, gen., 557.

Burr, Aaron, vice-pres. of U. S., 549; duel
with Hamilton, 549: trial, 550.
Burs-Nimrud, ruins of, 12 n. 2.
Bute, lord, 439.
Butler, Irish gen.,

313.

Byng, admiral, 434.

Byron, lord, 488.

Byzantium, captured, 61, 68; importance to
Athens, 72; name changed to Constanti-
nople, 159; capital of eastern empire, 161.

"Cabal" ministry, 380.
Cabochians overthrown, 259.

Cabot, John and Sebastian, discover North
America, 283, 333; Sebastian, voyage of,
283; alleged voyage, 285; voyage to
South America, 286.

Cabral, discovers Brazil, 284, 353.
Cade, Jack, rebellion of, 271.

Cadiz, expedition of Wimbledon, 342; siege
of, 473; capture, 527. See also Gades.
Cadmus, 18, 45.
Cadoudal, executed, 465.
Cædmon, 180.

Cæsar, C. Julius, leader of the democrats,
136; consul, 137; triumvir, 137; re-
ceives Gallia Cisalpina and Narbonen-
sis, 138; conquest of Gaul, visits to
Britain, 139; war with Pompeius, 140;
Pharsalus, 141; in Egypt, 142; veni,
vidi, vici, 142; African war, 142; war
with sons of Pompeius, 143; C. impera-
tor, 143; reform of the calendar, 143;
assassination, 144.

Cæsar, G. and L., adopted by Augustus, 148.
Caffir war, 543.

Cairo captured by the French, 400.
Cajetanus. See Vio.

Calais, captured by Edward III. of Eng-
land, 257; only English possession in
France, 272; lost, 321, 338.
Calatrava, order of, 240, 328.
Calcutta, 22, 390.

Calendar, reformed by Cæsar, 144; by
Gregory XIII., 327; republican c. in
France, 455.

Calhoun, John C., U. S. sec. of war, 551:
vice-pres., 552.

California, discovered by Cortez, 285, 287;
by Drake, 289: gold discovered in, 555;
31st State of the Union, 555.

Caligula, 150.

Caliphate, early history, 182, 183; Haroun
al-Rashid, 186; division into c. of Bag-
dad, 183; under Abbasides, 210: de-
stroyed, 241; and the c. of Cordova,
founded and broken up, 209.

Calixtinians, 252.

Calixtus II., Pope, 201.

Calmar. union of, 237, 238, 276, 351.
Calonne, 197, 447.

Calonnes, 449.
Calpurnius, C., 118.

Calvin, 304.

Calvinists, not included in convention of
Passau, 305; nor in peace of Augsburg,
306; included in peace of Westphalia,
317.

Camaret, of Rouen, 284.
Camargo, Alonzo de, 287.

Cambray, league of, 300, 318, 326; peace of,
303.

Cambyses, k. of Persia, defeats Psamethik,
7; attempted conquest of Carthage, 19;
conquest of Egypt, slaughter of Apis (?),
27.

Camden, battle of, 430.

Camillus, M. Furius, 100, 103.

Campania, 81, 83, 104.

Campbell, lord chan., 544.

Campeggio, 302.

Camperdown, battle of, 536.

Campo Formio, peace of, 458, 459, 463, 468.

Canaan, 7, 8, 16.

! Canada. See New France, French in, 299;
French claims to, 363; wars with iro-
quois, 364 365; with British colonies, see
King William's war, Queen Anne's war,
George's war, old French and Indian
war; in the peace of Ryswick, 362, 371,
388; in the peace of Utrecht, 363, 393,
435; in the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 404,
419, 438; Seven Years' War, 420; peace of
Paris, 422, 439; ceded to Great Britain,
receives representative gov., 535; divided
into upper and lower C., 542; dominion
of C., 545.
Canaris, 488.

Canary Islands, discovery of, 279.
Candaules, k. of Lydia, 21.
Candia. See Crete.
Cannæ, battle of, 115.
Cannibals, 283.

Canning, e., gov. gen. in India, 546.
Canning, George, home sec., 537; foreign
sec., 539.

Canossa, castle of, 200.
Canrobert, 500, 502, 514.

Cantabri, 148.

Canterbury, 38; captured by Danes, 203;
archb. of, see Dunstan, Anselm, Becket,

etc.

Canton, 31, 561.

Canusium (Marcellus defeated at, in 209
B. C., accidentally omitted on p. 117).
Canute. See Knut.

Cape Ann, settlement of Puritans at, 295;
Augustine, discovery of, 284; Cod, dis-
covered by Northmen (?), 281; by Gos-
nold, 290, surveyed, 294: Florida, 285;
Good Hope, rounded, 280; seized by
England, 535, see Caffir war, Zulu war;
Mendocino, discovered, 288; Peregrine,
300; Vela, 283; Verde, discovery of,
276.

Carolina, fort, 288.

Caroline, q. of England, 539

Carolingians, Austrasian mayors of the pal-
ace, 182; kings of the Franks, 184; in
Italy and Germany, 193; in France, 201.
Carpi, battle of, 392.
Carrhæ, battle of, 140.
Carteret, Sir George, 358.

Carthage, founded, 18; Meltzer's view con-
cerning, 18, n. 1; constitution, 19; oppo-
sition to Grecian colonization, 19; threat-
ened by Cambyses, 19, 27; wars with
Sicilian Greeks, 20; defeat at Himera,
20; treaty of commerce with Rome, 103;
allied with Rome, 108; war with Rome.
See Punic wars; destroyed, 12; occu-
pied by Vandals, 172. See Phoenicia.
Carthage, New, taken by Scipio, 117.
Carthagena, 285; sack of, 290; sacked by
Drake, 339; attacked by Vernon, 419, 438.
Cartier, Jacques, voyages to America, 287.
Carus, Roman emp., 157

Carver, John, gov. of Plymouth, 294.
Casco, destruction of, 351.

Casimir the Great, k. of Poland, 277.
Casimir, John, 373, 374.

Cassander, 76.

Cassiterides, visited by Phoenicians, 17 n.
Cassius, 144, 145.

Cassius, Sp. 97.

Cassivelaunus, 37, 139.

Castelfidardo, battle of, 503.

Castes, in Egypt, 3; in India, 23.

Castile, county, afterwards kingdom of, 209;
final union with Leon, 240; kings of, 276;
united with Aragon, 328; supports Philip
of Anjou, 392.
Castillon, battle of, 272.

Castlereagh, at Vienna, 482; foreign sec.,
537; suicide, 539.

Catalaunian fields, battle of the, 173.
Catalonia, 240; royal house extinct, 276;
invaded 392.

Cateau-Cambrésis, treaty of, 321, 327, 338.
Catesby, Robert, 340.
Cathari, 227.

Cathay, 30.

Catherine de' Medici, 321, 324.

Catherine, emp. of Russia, I., reign, 410;
II., in seven years' war, 406; reign, 411;
war with the Turks, 412, 413.

Catholic league, 308.
Catholic relief act, 539.
Catiline, conspiracy of, 136.
Catinat, 370, 392.

Cato, M. Porcius, the elder, in Spain, 118;
accuses Scipio, 120; "Carthaginem esse
delendam," 121; the younger, absent from
Rome, 138; returned, 139; at Dyrra-
chium, 141; suicide, 142.

Cato street conspiracy, 538.
Cattle plague, 544.

Catullus, C. Valerius, 148.
Caudine Pass, 105.

Caulaincourt, 477, 480.

Causa fidei, reformationis, unionis, 251, 252.
"Cavalier" parliament, 378, 381.
Cavendish, F., sec. for Ireland, 546.
Cavour, c. 503, 531.

Cawnpore, massacre at, 546.
Caxton, William, 275.
Ceawlin, k. of Wessex, 178.
Cecil. See Burghley.
Cecrops, 44.

Celibacy introduced, 200.
Celtiberians, 35.

Celts, migrations of, 35; Goidelic and Bry-
thonic, 35; Celts of Gaul. See Gauls.
Celts of British isles, 36. See also Brit-
ain. Celts in Italy, 35, 86; join Ilanni-
bal, 114; annihilated as a nation, 138.
Censor, creation of the office, 99; one cen-
sor plebeian, 102; power limited, 132; re-
stored, 133; given to Cæsar, 143.
Censorship of the press abolished in Eng-
land, 388.

Census of American colonies, 423; of In-
dia, 1881, 547; of Ireland, 543; of Japan,
445; of New France, 365; Roman c., 92;
of U. S. 1st, 547; 2d, 549; 4th, 552; 5th,
553; 6th, 554; 7th, 555; 8th, 556; 9th
and 10th, 560; of Virginia, 292, 293.
Ceorl, 177.

Cerausius, emp. of Britain, 38.
Cerdic, 178.

Cerealis, 152.

Ceres, 84.

Cerro Gordo, battle of, 554.

Ceylon, Buddhism in, 23; seized by Eng-

lish, 535.

Chabrias, 70, 71.

Chæronea, battle of, 73, 131.

Chaireddin Barbarossa, 304.

Chait Sinh, rajá of Benares, 444.
Chalcedon, battle of, 134; fall of, 191.
Chaldea, 13.

Chaleur Bay, 294.

Châlons, battle of, 173; 516.
Chambers of Reunion, 368.

Chambord, c. of. See Bordeaux, d. of, 529.
Champigny, storm of, 518.

Champlain, Samuel, voyage, 290; discov
ers the lakes, 299; death, 300.
Chancellorsville, battle at, 558.
Chandra-gupta, 23.
Chanzy, defeat of, 519.
Chapultepec captured, 554.

Charge of the Light Brigade, 500.
Charibert I., k. of Franks, 181,
Charlemagne. See Charles I., emp.
Charles of Anjou, 225, 226.

Charles, archid. of Austria, 392, 458, 460,
467, 471, 472.

Charles of Bavaria, 509.

Charles the Bold, d. of Burgundy, 260.
Charles I., k. of England, government in
Virginia, 293; in Spain, 342; marriage,
342; reign, 342-351; surrenders to Scots,
349; escapes, 350, execution, 351.
Charles II., defeat and flight, 375; pro-
claimed k., 378; marriage, 379; treaty of
Dover, 380; death, 383.

Charles III., k. of France, 202; IV., the
Fair, 255; V., the Wise, 258; VI., 259;
VII., 259, 260; VIII., 262; IX., 321;
"X.", cardinal of Bourbon, 324; X., 488;
abdicates, 489, 527.

Charles I., emp. of the H. R. E., the Great
(Charlemagne), 184, 193; II., the Bald,
186, 187, 201; III., the Fat, 193, 201;
IV., 248; V., ancestor of the Span-
ish line of Hapsburg, 301; reign, 302;
Charles and Luther, 302: wars with
Francis I., 302, 303, 304; with Henry II.,
306; Schmalkaldic war, 305; abdica-
tion, 306.
See Charles I., of Spain; VI.,
claims to Spanish succession, 330; reign,
337; pragmatic sanction, 398; death,
400; VII., election, 401; exile, death, 402.
Charles, card. of Lorraine, 319.

Charles, d. of Lorraine, last Carolingian
heir to French crown, 202.
Charles of Lorraine, Austrian gen., 372, 404.
Charles, k. of Navarre, the Bad, 258.
Charles, k. of Spain, I., possessions in the
Netherlands, 329; reign, 330. See, also,
Charles, emp. of II. R. E., V.; II., 390;
III., 414; IV., abdicates, 470.
Charles, k. of Sweden, IX., 352; X., 373;
XI., 373; XII., 394; wars with Peter
the Great, 394, Varna, 395; in Turkey,
death, 396; XIII., 472.

Charles Albert, e. of Bavaria, claimant for
Austrian inheritance, 400.

Charles Albert, k. of Sardinia, 494.
Charles Edward, young pretender, 438.
Charles Gustavus of Pfalz-Zweibrücken,
k. of Sweden, 352.

Charles Martel, 183, 184.

Charles Theodore, 406; elector palatine,

claimant for the Spanish succession, 406.
Charleston, Carolina, foundation of, 358,
359; capture by Clinton, 430; evacua-
tion, 431, in the civil war, 537; evacua-
tion, 559.

Charter Oak, 361.

Chartists, 542.

Chase, Salmon P., U. S. sec. of the treas.,556.
Chastenoy, peace of, 322.
Chateaubriand, 527.

Chatham, e. of, as Wm. Pitt in Broad Bot-
tom ministry, 438; sec. of state, 439;
sketch of life, 439; prime minister, 424.
Châtillon, congress at, 480.
Chattanooga, battle of, 558.
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 270.
Chaumont, alliance of, 480.
Chedorlaomer, k. of Babylon, 13.
Cheops. See Khufu.

Chephren. See Khafra.

Cherry Valley, massacre of,

430.

Cherusci, 168.

Chester, battle of, 179.

Chevy Chase, battle of, 269.

Chinese wall; destroyed books, 32.

Chiari, battle of, 392.

Chierasco, treaty of, 311, 325.

Chiersi, diet of, 201.

Childebert I., k. of the Franks, 181.

Chilperic I., k. of the Franks. 181.
China, geography, 30; religion, 31; chro-
nology, 31; origin of Chinese, 31; early
dynasties, 32; brilliant epoch, 32; the
three kingdoms, 32; Buddhism in, 23;
brilliant period, 211; conquered by Mon-
gols, 242; in the 15th cent., 278; Tatar
conquest, 354; war with Russia, 390;
French and English exp. against, 501;
opium war, 542, 561; treaties with France
and U. S., 561; war with Great Britain
and France, 561; famine, 562; treaty
with Russia, 562.

Chinese emigration to U. S. suspended,
560.

Chios, battle of, 412; 416; revolt, 488.
Chippewa, battle of, 551.
Chlodwig, k. of the Franks, 173.
Chlopicki, 49).

Chlotar I., k. of Franks, 181.
Choiseul, d. de., 446.

Chosroes, k. of Parthia, war with Trajan,
30; k. of Armenia, 153; deposed, 189.
Chosroes, k. of Persia, I., (Anushirwan),
reign, 190, 191; II., Eberwiz, 191.
Chotusitz, battle of, 401.

Chow dynasty in China, 32; later Chow,
211.

Chowaresmians, empire of the, 240.
Chremonides, 79.

Christ, birth of, 11, 149.

Christian of Anhalt, 309; of Brunswick,
defeated by Tilly, 310.

Christian, k. of Denmark, I., of Olden-
burg, 351; II., union of Calmar broken,
351, 352; III., 352; IV., head of lower
Saxon circle, in thirty years' war, 31;
war with Sweden, 314, 352; VI, VII.,
409; VIII., annexes Schleswig-Holstein,
409; IX., accepts the constitution, 505,
506.

Christiania founded, 209.

Christianity, first persecution, 151; under
Decius, 156; under Diocletian, 158; made
state religion by Constantine, 159; aban-
doned by Julian, 160; reinstated by Jovi-
anus, 160; adoption of pagan customs,
165 conversion of Goths, 170; of the
Franks, 173; of Langobards, 175; begin-
ning of the papacy, 175; conversion of
Britons, 38; of the Anglo-Saxons, 179; of
the Germans, 184; Christians persecuted
in Persia, 189; tolerated in Persia, 190;
conversion of the North, 207, 208, 209;
tolerated in China, 211; conversion of Po-
land, Prussia, Hungary, 277; preached in
China, 355; introduced in Japan, but re-
jected, 356; Jesuits in Canada, 364; per-
secution in China, 444; Christians in
Turkey, 522, 524; toleration secured in
China, 562.

Christina of Sweden, 352.

Childeric III., k. of the Franks, 184.

Chili, invaded by Almagro, 287; indepen-
dent, 488.

Chrysanthemums, war of the, 243.

Church, high and low, 433.

Churchill. See Marlborough.

Cibola, seven cities of, 287.

Cicero, birthplace of, 82; sketch of life,
136; speeches against Catiline, 137;
banished, 138; recalled, 139; proconsul,
140; murdered, 145.