Greene, gen., 431.

Greenland, discovery of, 209, 280.
Gregorian calendar introduced,
adopted by England, 420, 438

327;

Gregory I., pope, 175; VI., 199; VII. (Hil-
debrand), 199, 200; IX., 224; XII., 251;
abdicated. 252; XIII., reformed the cal-
endar, 327; XVI., 492.

Grenville, George, prime minister, 423;
leader of Commons, 439.
Grenville, lord, prime minister, 537.
Grenville, sir Richard, 289.

Grévy, Jules, pres. of the French republic,
534.

Grey, e., prime minister, 539; resigned, 540.
Grey, lady Jane, 336.

Grijalva, Juan de, 285.

Grimoald, 175.

Grochow, battle of, 490.

Grodno, diet of, 413.

Grosbeeren, battle of, 477.

Gross-Görschen, battle of, 476.
Grossjägerndorf, battle of, 404.
Grumbach, execution of, 306.

Guadaloupe, Hidalgo, treaty of, 554.
Guanahani, its identification, 282.
Guastella, house of, 311, 416.
Guatimozin, k. of Mexico, 285.
Guébriant, French marshal, 314.
Guelfs See Welfs.

Guesclin, Bertrand du, 259, 276.
Gueux, 330.

Guilford, battle of, 431.

Guinegaste," "battle of the spurs," 319, 334.
Guines captured from the English, 321.
Guise, house of, 319, 321.

Guizot, 527; ministry of, 497, 529; with
Soult, 530

Gunpowder first used, 279.
Gunpowder plot, 310.

Gunther of Schwarzburg, 248.
Guntram, 181.

Guptas in India, 24, 210.
Gurko, 522, 523

Gustavus I., Vasa, k. of Sweden, 352; II.,
Adolphus, reign in Sweden, 352; in the
thirty years' war, 311; death of, 312;
III., 409; IV., abdication of, 472.
Gutenberg, John, early printer, 253.

Guy of Lusignan, k. of Jerusalem, 214,
215, 216.

Guyenne, transferred from France to Eng-
land, 226, 231; ceded to England, 258;
lost, 260. See Aquitania.

Guzerat, expedition of Mahmud to, 211;
conquest of, 241: Afghan kings, 353.
Gyges, k. of Lydia, 6, 21.
Gylippus, 67.
Gyulay, 502.

Habeas corpus act, 381; suspended, 388,
535, 536, 538; in Ireland, 514.
Hadrian, Roman emp., revolt of Jews un-
der, 12, 37; reign, 153; in Britain, 176.
Hafurstfjord, battle of, 208.
Hagelberg, battle of, 477.
Hague, convention of the, 396.
Haidar Ali of Mysore, 442, 444.
Haidarábád, nizam of, 443.
Hakem II., 209.

Hakodate, battle of, 563

Hakon, k. of Norway, 208; IV., 238; V.,
238; VII., 237, 238; VIII., 238.

Hakon Jarl, k. of Norway, 208.
Hale, Nathan, 428.

Hales, sir Edward, 353.

Halfdan the Black, k. of Norway, 208.
Haliatus, battle of, 70

Halifax, member of council, 381; in oppo-
sition, 382; pres. of council, 383; pres.
of provisional council, 355; resigns, 387
impeached, 388; not in council, 433;
whig leader, 435; first lord of treas. 436.
Halifax, e. of, sec. of state, 439.
Halland, 236, 238.

Halys, 21, 134.

Hamburg, free city, 222; conquered by
Knut VI., 235; alliance with Lübeck,
249; Davout in, 476; siege of, 479; peace
of, 405.

Hamilcar, 20.

Hamilcar Barak or Barcas, 111, 113.
Hamilton, Alexander, 547, 519.

Hampden, John, refuses to pay ship money,

344; impeached, 346; death, 347.
Hampden clubs, 538.

Hampton court conference, 340.

Han, dynasty in China, 32; later Han, 211.
Hanau, battle at, 478.

Hancock, John, 424.

Hanging gardens in Babylon, 12.
Hannibal, destroys Saguntum, 113; crosses
the Alps, 113; arouses the Gauls, 35, 114;
Cannæ, 115; before the gates of Rome,
110; leaves Italy, 117; defeated at Zama,
118; received by Antiochus, 119; death,
120.

Hanover, ninth electorate, 372; treaty
with Sweden, 396; allied with Prussia,
404; treaty with England, 437; receives
Osnabrück, 465; Prussia receives II.,
467; Napoleon wishes to take away, 468;
occupied by French, 469; becomes king-
dom under Geo. III. of England, 533
separation from Great Britain, 491, 542
invaded by Prussians, 508; incorporated
with Prussia, 510.

Hanseatic cities annexed to France, 473.
Hanseatic league, 237, 249.

Hapsburg counts in Switzerland, 245.

Herod (the Great), k. of Judea, 11.
Herod Agrippa, I., k. of Judea, 11.
Herrenhausen, alliance of, 398.

Herzegovina, revolt, 521; given to Aus-
tria, 524 disturbance in, 525; sup-
pressed, 526.

Hesse, origin, 225, 492.

Hesse-Cassel, in peace of Westphalia, 316;
becomes an electorate, 464; not in con-
federacy of the Rhine, 468; revolution
in, 492; invaded by Prussians, 504; in-
corporated with Prussia, 510.
Hesse-Darmstadt, joins confederacy of the
Rhine, 468; joins allies, 479.
Hia, dynasty of, in China, 31.

Hideyoshi, government of, 355, 356.
Hiempsal, 126.

Hienfung, 561.

Hiero, k. of Syracuse, 110, 115.

Hieroglyphics, 3.

High Commission, 346.

Hildebrand. See Gregory VII.

Himera, battle of, 20.

Hinemar of Rheims, 201.

Hippias, 54, 57.

Hindus. See India.

Hipparchus, 54.

Hippo, 17, 19.

Hiram, k. of Tyre, 18.

Hirtius, 144.

Hirhor, k. of Egypt, 5.

Hispania, citerior, 118; ulterior, 118, 141.

Histiæus of Miletus, 28.

Hobkirk's Hill, battle of, 431.

Holstein-Gottorp, house of in Sweden, 409;
in Russia, 411.

Holy alliance, 485; Monroe's attitude con-
cerning, 5.2.

Holy league against France, 300, 318, 326,
334.

Holy league in France, 322.

Holy Roman Empire, revival of Roman em-
pire under Otto, 196; end of, 462, 468.
See Germany.

Holy wars, I., 52; II., 71; III., 72
Homer, 49.

Homildon Hill, battle of, 270.
Hone, acquittal of, 538.

Honorius, Roman emp., 38, 161.
Honorius III., pope, 224.

Hooker, gen., 557, 558.

Hoorn, c. von, executed, 330.

Hophra, k. of Egypt, 6.

Hôpital, de l', 321.

Horatii, 89.

Horatius, laws of, 98.

Horatius, Flaccus, Q., 83, 147.

Horatius, Marcus, 93.

iloratius Cocles, 95.

Hormisdas I., emp. of Persia, 188, II., 188;

IV., 191.

Hormuz, battle of, 187.

Hormuzan, 192.

Horn, Gustavus, 312,

Horsa, 177.

Hortensius, dictator, 107.

Hospitalers. See Knights of St. John.
Hôtel de Ville destroyed, 533.

Hofer, Andreas, 471, 472.

See Frederic of

Hohenfriedberg, battle of, 402.
Hohenlinden, battle of, 462.
Hohenstaufen, house of.
H., 219, 220.
Hohenzollern. See Frederic, burggrave of
Nuremberg, 244; acquires Brandenburg;
in Prussia, 302; in thirty years' war, 311,
312; in peace of Westphalia, 316; kings
of Prussia, 372; in the north and east, un-
der the great elector, 368, 373, 374; gene-
alogy, 515; emperors of Germany, 519.
Hohenzollern, pr. of, 512, 513.
Hojeda, Alonzo de, 283, 284.
Hojo, family of, 243.

Holbach, 448.

Holkar, 443, 541.

Holland, kingdom of, under Louis Bona-
parte, 468; merged in kingdom of the
Netherlands, 483; separated from Bel-
gium, 439. See, also, Netherlands.
Holland, lord, 439, 441.

Holles, impeachment of, 346, 351.
Holstein, given to Adolf of Schaumberg,
218; Adolf capt. by Knut VI. of Den-
mark, cedes H. to Waldemar, II., k. of
Denmark, 235; ceded to Adolf the young,
235; peace of Travendal, 394; united
with Denmark, 409; war with Denmark,
496; occupied by the German confedera-
tion, 505; united with Prussia, 510.
Holstein-Gottorp, d. of, 394, 397.

Hotspur See Percy.

Howe, lord, occupies Philadelphia, 429.
Howick, first lord of the admiralty, 537;
sec. of war, 540. See earl Grey.
Hubert de Burgh, 231.
Hubertsburg, peace of, 406.

Hudson Bay Company, incorporation of,
358.

Hudson's Bay, discovery of, 299, 363.
Hudson, Henry, voyage of, 298.
Hudson river, 294, 298.

Hugh the White, d. of France, 202.
Hugh Capet, k. of France, 202.
IIuguenot colony in America, 288.
Huguenots, wars of the, 321.
Humbert I., k. of Italy, 524.
Humboldt, W. von, 477, 482, 487.
Hundred days in France, 526.
Hundred years' war, 257.

Hungary, occupied by Magyars, 193, 277;
Hungarians ravage Germany, 194; de
feated by Henry, 195; and Otto (Lech-
feld), 196; lose Styria to Bohemia, 244;
emp. Albert, II., k. of. 253; history to
1490, 277; golden bull, 277; H. united
with Bohemia and secured to emp. Max.,
278; war with Turks (Mohacs), disputed
election, 303; Ferdinand I., elected k.,
306; succession secured to Hapsburg,
372; Maria Theresa, q. of H., 400; Mo-
riamur, etc., disputed, 401, n.; revolt
under Kossuth, 494; constitution abol-
ished, 496; Feb. constitution, 504; con-
stitution of H. restored, Austrian emp.,
k. of H. 511.

llung Sui-tsuen, leader of the Tai-ping re-
bellion, 561; suicide, 502.

Illinois, 364; admitted to the Union, 552.
Illiturgi, battle of, 115.
Illyrian provinces, 472.

Illyrians, war with Rome, 112; conquered,
121.

Imperial chamber, 300.

Impositions, 340.

Imprisonment for debt abolished in Eng-
land, 545.
Inaros, 28.

Independents, 349, 350.

India, visited by Tyrians, 18; geography,
early religion, 22; arrival of Hindus in
the Punjab, 22; settlement and con-
quest, 23, castes, ib. ; rise of Brahmism,
ib.; of Buddhism, ib.; invasion of Alex-
ander, 23, 75; Bactrian rulers, 24; Scyth-
ians, Guptas, ib.; early history, 210; sul-
tans of Ghazni, of Ghor, 211; sultans of
Delhi, Timur Shah, 241; western route
to India, 282; Mughal empire, 353;
Portuguese, Dutch, English in I., East
India companies, 354; Aurangzeb, 389;
decline of Mughal empire, 442; Mah-
ratta power, 443; British in India,
Black, Hole, 443; Clive, Hastings, 444,
East India Company subordinated to
government, 442; Cornwallis and Wel-
lington; Mahratta wars, 541; queen of
England proclaimed sovereign of Ind,
544; Afghan wars, 546, 547; Sepoy re-
bellion, 546; government transferred to
crown, 544; famine, 547.
India bill, 535.

Indians of America; rapid disappearance
from West Indies, 284; John Smith cap-
tured by, 291; intercourse with Plym-
outh colony, 295; Pequot war, 297;
Champlain among, 299; John Eliot
among, 357; Hurons massacred by Iro-

quois, 357 King Philip's war, 359;
Penn's treaty, 360; King William's war,
361, Queen Anne's war, Deerfield de-
stroyed, 363; French among the Hurons,
wars with Iroquois, 364; war in Caro-
lina, and New England, 417; old French
and Indian war, 420; conspiracy of on-
tiac, 423; Wyoming massacre, 430; In-
dian war, 547; Seminole war, 552, 553.
Indo-European family, Introduction, X.,
85, 86.

Ine, king of Wessex, 180.

Inge Baardsen, k. of Norway, 238.
Ingebord, 226, 235, 238.

Ingjald Ill-raada, k. of Sweden, 208.
Inguævones, 163.

Inkermann, battle of, 500.

Innocent III., pope, originates the 4th
crusade, 216; obtains Mathilda's estates
from Otho IV., 223; contest with John
of England, 233, IV., 225.

Inquisition, establishment of, by Gregory
IX., 227; by Paul III., 327; in Spain,
330.

Interim of Augsburg, 305.

International postal congress, 521.
Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire,
225; in England, 384.
Intibili, battle of, 116.
Inverlochy, battle of, 348.
Investiture strife, 200, 201.

Ionian Islands, retained by Venice, 326;
occupied by French, ceded to France,
459; Republic of the Seven I. I. 461;
forms a part of the Illyrian provinces,
472; protectorate over, given to Eng-
land, 483; ceded to Greece, 505, 544.
Ionians in Greece, 43; colonize Asia Mi
nor, 49; subdued by Croesus, 21; revolt
from Persia, 28.

Ipsus, battle of, 77.

Iran, plateau of, 12; subjugated by Tiglath-
Pileser II., 14; inhabited by Bactrians,
Medes, Persians, 24; attacked by Assyr-
ians, 25; conquered by Cyrus, 26; sul-
tanate of, 210.

Ireland, ancient, geography, religion, and
civilization, 38; mythical history, 38,
39; Norwegians take Dublin, 209; con-
quered by Henry II., 232; English Pale,
270; statute of Drogheda, 333; rebellion
of Tyrone, 339; government of Went-
worth (Strafford), 344; Ulster rebellion,
345, 348; Cromwell in Ireland, storm of
Drogheda, 375; war for James II., 386;
battle of the Boyne, 387; treaty of
Limerick, ib.; Irish catholic laws, 433;
United Irishmen, 536; union with Great
Britain, ib.; Irish reform act, 540; fam-
ine of 1846-47, 543; uprising under
O'Brien, ib.; habeas corpus act suspend-
ed, 544; disestablishment of the Irish
(Episcopal) church, 545; land league,
ib.; coercion act, land act, 546.
Irene, 210.
Ireton, 376.

Iroquois, war with Hurons and Canada,
364. See Indians of America.
Isaac, 7.

Isaac Angelus, Grecian emp., 216.
Isabeau of Bavaria, 259.

Isabella heiress of Castile 276 328.

Issus, battle of, 74.
Istævones, 163.

Istar, Phoenician goddess, 13, 14, 16.
Isthmian festival, 42.

Italia, federal republic of, 129.
Italy, geographical survey of, 81; ethno-
graphical sketch, 85; ancient history,
see Rome; Odovaker, ruler, 173; East
Goths, Theodoric, 174; Langobards in
Lombardy, papacy, 175; Charles the
Great, king of Italy, 184; Carolingians in
Italy, 193; Berengar of Ivrea, 195; Otto,
II. III., in Italy, 197; Crescentius, ib.;
Normans in Italy, 199; Frederic Barba-
rossa and the Lombard cities, Guelfs and
Ghibelins, 221; peace of Constance, 222;
Frederic II., in Sicily, 224, 225, Naples
conquered by Charles VIII. of France,
262; league of Cambray, 300; holy
league, 300, 318; campaigns of Napoleon
in Italy, 458; Cisalpine and Ligurian
and Roman republics founded, 459; Par-
thenopæan republic founded, 460; abol-
ished, 461; Roman republic abolished,
461; Napoleon in Italy, 462; Cisalpine
and Ligurian republics recognized, 463;
Napoleon president of Italian (Cisalpine)
republic, 464; Napoleon king of Italy,
Ligurian republic incorporated with
France, 467; Italy restored to its condi-
tion before 1789, 483; absolutism, 488;
uprisings suppressed by Austrians, 490;
Austro-Sardinian war, 494; liberation of
Italy, Garibaldi, 502; Victor Emmanuel
king of Italy, 503: war with Austria,
Venice acquired, 510; recognized as sixth
great power, 511; Rome the capital, 520;
dissolution of monasteries, 520; electo-
ral reform act, 526. See, also, Florence,
Genoa, Naples, Papal States, Sardinia,
Sicily, Tuscany, Venice.

I'home, 51.

Iturbide, emp. of Mexico, 488.

Ivan, brother of Peter the Great, 374.
Ivan IV., the Great, tsar of Russia, 277.
Ivan IV. (or VI.), 411.

Ivar Vidfadme, k. of Skaania, 208.
Ivry, battle of, 324.

Jackson, Andrew, pres. of U. S., 552.
Jackson, Stonewall, 558.
Jacob, his sons, 8.

Jacobins, 451; club closed, 456.
Jacobite rebellions, I., 437: II., 438.
Jacqueline, of Holland, her inheritance
goes to Burgundy, 259.

Jacquerie in France, 258.

Jaffa stormed by Bonaparte, 460.
Jagallo, house of, 277, 352.

Jahandar Shah, emp. of India, 442.
Jahanir, emp. of India, 354.

Jamestown, foundation of, 291.
Janizaries, 353; massacre of, 489.
Jankau, battle of, 315.

Japan, Buddhism in, 23; geography, relig-
ion, 32; chronology, 33; early rulers,
33; conversion of native names into Chi-
nese, 33, n. 2; origin, 33; development
of dual gov., mikado superseded by
shogun, 212; war of Gen and Hei, 242;
Hojo supremacy, repulse of the Mongols,
war of the Chrysanthemums, develop-
ment of feudalism, 243; Ashikaga sho-
guns, dynastic wars, J. in the time of
Columbus, 278; domination of Nobu-
naga and Hideyoshi, 355; Tokugawa sho-
guns, 356; extirpation of Christianity,
357;
later Tokugawas, 445; Perry's
treaty, 563; restoration of the mikado,
abolition of feudalism, ib.; assimilation
to western civilization, 564.
Jason, 46.

Jassy, peace of, 413.

Jay, John, in continental congress, 426;
chief justice, 547.
Jay's treaty, 535, 548.

Jeanne d'Arc. See Darc.
Jefferson, Thomas, 427; drafts declaration
of independence, 427; sec. of state, 547;
vice-pres., 548; pres., 549.
Jefferson's embargo, 550.
Jeffries, chief justice, 382; "bloody as-
size, 384.

Jemmapes, battle of, 453.
Jena, battle of, 469.

Jenghiz Khan, leader of the Mongols, 240;
conquered China, 242.
Jeremiah, 11.

Jersey, east and west, 359.

Jerusalem conquered by Shisak, 5; names,
7; captured by David, 9; taken by Is-
raelites, 10; besieged in vain by Assyr-
ians, 10; captured by Nebuchadnezzar,
and destroyed, 11, 16; destroyed by Ti-
tus, 12, 152; storm of, 214; kingdom of,
214; finally lost, 217.

Jesuits, order of, founded, 304; banished
from Spain and Portugal, 405; abol-
ished, 416; expelled from France in
1672.

Jews, geography, chronology, 7; settled in
Egypt, exodus, 8; government, ib.; di-
vision into Israel and Judah, 9; carried
to Assyria, 10; to Babylon, 11; sent
back by Cyrus, 11, 27; subject to Per-
sians, etc., 11; revolt under the Macca-