Martinitz, 309.
Martinsvögel, the, 250.
Mary, heiress of Burgundy, 253.
Mary, the Catholic, q. of England, reign, 330, 336, 338; married Philip of Spain, 336.
Mary Stuart, q. of Scotland, married Fran- cis II. of France, 321; reign, 338; exe- cution, 339.
Maryland, granted to lord Baltimore, 293; rebellion of Clayborne and Ingle, 357 English parliament assumed control, 358; quo warranto against, 361.
Masaniello, 327.
Maserfeld, battle of, 180. Masham, Mrs., 434, 435.
Mason, John, grant of Mariana, 295, 296. Mason taken from the Trent, 544, 557. Massachusetts Bay colony founded, 295; separation of general court into two houses, 357; execution of Quakers, 358; reassumed government of Maine, 358; forfeiture of the charter, 360; new char- ter, 361; treaty of peace with the east- ern Indians, 418; adoption of a constitu- tion, 431; insurrection in, 432.
Massagetæ, 27.
Massalia, founded, 19, 141. Massasoit, 295.
Massena, 460, 461, 462, 467, 472; masterly retreat, 473.
Massinissa, 116; dethroned, 117; restored, 118, 121.
Matilda, marchioness of Tuscany, 200; her estates accepted by Lothar from the pope, 218; withheld by Henry VI., 223; given to the papacy by Otto IV., 223 Matthias, emp. of the H. R. E., 308. Matthias of Thurn, 309.
Matthias Corvinus, k. of Hungary, 278. Maupeou, 446.
Maupertuis. See Poitiers.
Mauretania, Roman prov., 150.
Mazarin, in thirty years' war, 314; agent
of the pope, 325; his administration and death, 366.
Mazdak, 189. Mazeppa, 395. Meade, gen., 558. Mecklenburg, 226, 316. Medea, 46.
Media, revolt under Phraortes, 15; geog- raphy, 24; subject to Assyria, 25; re- volt suppressed by Sargon, 14: revolt under Phraortes, 15, 25; Median empire, 25; supremacy passed from Media to Persia, 26; revolt suppressed by Da- rius, 27; subject to Parthia, 30; large portion ceded to Armenia, 188. Median wall, 16.
Medici, Alexander de', 327; Catherine de', 321; Cosimo de', created g. d. of Tus- cany, 327, Mary de', regency of, 325. Medici family in Florence, 263; in Flor- ence and Tuscany, 327; extinction, 398. Megacles, 51.
Megalopolis, 71; battle of, 73. Megara, Doric state, 48; ally of Athens, 62; old constitution restored, 63; joined the Peloponnesians, 65. Megiddo, battle of, 6, 11. Mehemed Ali, revolt of, 491, 53). Meissen, origin, 194; given to Conrad of Wettin, 218; eastern part of Thuringia joined to, 225; Frederic of Meissen re- ceives the electorate of Saxony, 252. Melac, 370.
Melanchthon, 303. Melas, 460, 461, 462.
Melbourne, lord, home sec., 539; premier, 540.
Melkart, Phoenician divinity, 17. Meminius, C., 126, 128.
Memphis, in Lower Egypt, 2; worship of Ptah, 2; Cambyses in, 27.
Mena, first k. of Egypt, 3, 4. Mendoza, viceroy, 287. Menkaura, k. of Egypt, 4. Menou, 463.
Menschikoff, 410, 500.
Mentana, battle of, 511.
Maurice, Greek emp., 191; of Nassau, 331; Mercia, founded, 179; supremacy of, 180;
Danes in, 203. Mercurius, 84.
Mercy, 314.
Mergentheim, 218; battle of, 315.
Maximilian, d. of Bavaria, in thirty years' Meri lake, constructed by Amenemhat war, 308, 309.
Metellus, L. Cæcilius, defeats Hasdrubal | Mississippi admitted to the Union, 551. at Panormus, 111.
Metellus (Macedonicus), Q. Cæcilius, in the 4th Macedonian and Achæan war, 122. Metellus (Numanticus), Q. Cæcilius, cap- tures Numantia, 123; defeats Jugurtha, 126; superseded by Marius, 127. Metellus (Pius), Q. Cæcilius, war with Ser- torius, 133; subdues Crete, 134. Methuen treaty, 434. Metoci, 52.
Metternich, at the congress of Prague, 476; of Vienna, 482; of Carlsbad, 487; head of the conservative party, 491; driven from Vienna, 492.
Metz, siege of, 306, 516, 518. Mexican expedition, 503, 532.
Mexico conquered by Cortez, 285; freed from Spanish rule, 488; war with the United States, 554.
Michael Angelo Buonarotti, 328. Michigan admitted to the Union, 553. Michillimachinac, Jesuit mission, 364.
Midas, k. of Phrygia, 22. Middle Kingdom, 32. Middlesex, 178.
Mieczeslav II., leader of the Poles, 198. Miguel, Don, of Portugal, 488. Mikado. See Japan.
Milan, captured by Scipio, 35; captured by Barbarossa and destroyed, 221; rebuilt, ib.; under the Visconti and Sforza, 262; war between Charles V., and Francis I., concerning, 304, 319; Philip invested with, ib.; claims of Louis XII. to, 318; appanage of Spain, 326; assigned to the emperor, 333; Victor Emmanuel in, 562. Milan decree, 550.
Milan, pr. of Servia, 521; becomes k., 526. Milesians settle at the mouth of the Tigris, 28; in Ireland, 39.
Miletus, in league with Croesus, 21, 28; Ionians settle, 49; battle of, 67. Milhaud, confederation of, 322.
Military roads in Persia, 28; constructed in Italy, 82; in Britain, 176. Millenary petition, 340.
Millesimo, battle of, 458.
Milo, S. Annius, 139.
Miltiades, 28; at Marathon, 57. Milton, John, 389.
Minamoto family, 212, 213, 242.
Minden, battle of, 405.
Mineptah, k. of Egypt, 5. Minerva, 84.
Ming dynasty in China, 242.
Minnesota admitted to Union, 556. Minos, k. of Crete, 18, 46. Minotaur, 18.
Minto, lord, gov. gen. in India, 541. Minucius, M., 114.
Minuit, Peter, 298.
Minyæ, 43, 46, 48, 49.
Mir Jafar, 443, 444; Kosim, 444. Mirabeau, C., 449, 451.
Miramichi Bay, discovery of, 287. Miranda, 550.
Misenum, treaty of, 146. Missi regis, 186.
Missionary Ridge battle of, 558.
Mississippi river, discov. 287, 364; possession taken for France, 362, 365; claimed by France, 420; navigation free to England and France, 422; to England and the United States, 432. Missolonghi, 488.
Missouri admitted to the Union, 552. Missouri compromise, 552. Mithra, 25.
Mithridates, I., founded Parthian empire, 30; II., k. of Parthia, 30.
Mithridates VI., k. of Pontus, his power, 129; Sulla concluded peace with, 131; alliance of Sertorius with, 133; killed himself, 136.
Mithridatic wars, I., 129; II., 132 ; III., 134. Mobile colony, 365. Mocenigo, adm., 416. Möckern, battle of, 478. Modena, 416, 458. Moesia, 148, 153.
Mohacs, battle of, 303, 372. Mohammed, 182.
Moira, lord, gov. gen. in India, 541. Molai, Jacques de, 255. Moldavia, 395, 488. Molé, ministry of, 530. Molière, 371.
Mollwitz, battle of, 401. Moloch, 17, 18. Moltke, 508, 509, 517. Momemphis, battle of, 6.
Mompeson, impeachment of, 342. Monasteries in Ireland, 39; suppressed in England, 335; in Austria, 407; in France, 534; in Rome and Papal states, 520. Mondovi, battle of, 458. Mongols, defeated by the Chinese, 32; in- vasion of Germany, 240; conquest of China, 242; repulse from Japan, 243; supremacy in Russia, 277; check the Os- man power, 278. Monk, 376, 377, 378. See Albemarle. Monmouth, battle of, 430. Monmouth, d. of, 382, 383. Monroe doctrine, 552. Monroe, James, 550, 551. Mons sacer, 96, 98.
Montague, proceedings against, 342, 387.
Montaigne, Michael, 324.
Montcalm, 421, 422.
Monteagle, lord, 340.
Montebello, battle of, 502.
Montecuculi, 368, 372.
Montenegro, war with the Porte, 521, 522;
became independent, 524.
Montereau, 259; battle of, 480.
Monterey, battle of, 554.
Montesquieu, 448.
Morea (see Greece), conquered by Turks, Näfels, battle of, 250.
Moreau, 458, 460, 462, 465, 477.
Morgarten, battle of, 247.
Morkere, 206, 229.
Mornington, lord, gov. gen. in India, 541. Moro, Ludovico, 318. Morosini, 416.
Morse, 487.
Mortier, 481.
Mortimer, Edmund, 270; Roger, 267, 268. Mortimer's Cross, battle of, 272. Mortmain, statute of, 266.
Moscow, national centre of Russia, 277; burning of, 475.
Moshaisk, battle of, 475. Moslems, 182.
Mt. Cenis tunnel, 520. Mount Desert, 292, 299.
Mountain, the, in the legislative assembly, 451, 453.
Mowbray, conspiracy of, 270. Muawwiyah I., caliph, 182. Mucius Scævola, 95.
Mughal empire, founded, 353; end of, 546. See, also, India.
Muhammed II., destroyed eastern empire, 278.
Muhammed Ghori, 211, 241; Shah, 442; Tughlak, 241.
Muhammedanism, in China, 31; origin in Arabia, 182: conquests in west, 183; in Persia 192, 193.
Mühlberg, battle of, 305. Mühldorf, battle of, 247. Mukhtar Pasha, 523.
Münger, Thomas, 302. Munich, 312, 492.
Municipal corporations reform act, 541. Münnich, 410, 411. Munro, major, 444.
Münster, anabaptists in, 304; negotiations for peace at, 315.
Murad, I., sultan of the Turks, 278; V., deposed, 521.
Murat, 460, 467; g. d. of Berg, 468; k. of Naples, 470; driven from Naples, 484; executed, 485.
Murray. See Mansfield, lord.
Murray, earl of, regent, 338.
Murray, lord George, 438.
Nangis, battle of, 480.
Nankin, treaty of, 542, 561.
Nantes, edict, see edict of, 369; revolu- tionary tribunal of, 454. Nantwich, battle of, 348. Napata, kingdom of, 5. Napier, 500.
Naples (see Sicily), separated from Sicily, under Charles of Anjou, 226; conquered by Charles VIII.,262; by Alphonso of Ar- agon, 263 by Louis XII. and Ferdinand, 318; revolt of Masaniello, 327; ceded by Austria to Spain, 398, 416; transferred into Parthenopæan republic, 460; French garrison, 463; Bourbons banished, 468; restored, 483; revolutionary movements, 487, 493; liberated by Garibaldi, 503. Napoleon I., emp. of the French (see Bona- parte, Napoleon), crowned, 465; k. of Italy, 467; protector of the confederacy of the Rhine, 468; divorced from Jose- phine, 473; birth of the k. of Rome, 474; campaign of Feb., 1814, 480; abdicated, 481; removed to Elba, 481; return, 483, 526; hundred days, 483; Waterloo, 484; transported to St. Helena, 484; death, 527; entombment in Paris, 530. Napoleon III., emp. of the French (see Louis Napoleon), elected, 499, 531; at- tempted assassination, 531, 544; with Italy, 502, 532; Mexican expedi- tion, 503; Luxembourg question, 511; Franco-Prussian war, 513; surrenders to William III., 517; death, 520, 533. Narragansett Indians, 359. Narses, 175, 188. Narva, battle of, 395. Narvaez, 285, 286.
Naseby, battle of, 349.
Nassau incorporated with Prussia, 510. National convention, 447, 451, 452; federa- tion, 450; petition, 542. Naucraries, 53, 55, 58.
Navarino, battle of, 489, 539.
Navarre, origin, 209; Joanna, heiress of marries Philip IV., 254; Charles the Bad, k. of, 258; in the Huguenot wars, 321. Navarrete, battle of, 276.
Navigation act, 376; repealed, 543. Nayler, 377.
Nebraska, admitted to the Union, 559. Nebuchadnezzar, k. of Babylon, 6, 11, 16. Necker, 447, 449.
Neerwinden, battle of, 370, 388, 453. Nehavend, battle of, 182, 193. Neku, k. of Egypt, 6, 11, 16.
Nelson at Aboukir, 460; at Trafalgar, 467.
Nemean festival, 42. Nemed, 39.
Nepalese, conquered by Chinese, 444. Neptunus, 84.
Nero, C. Claudius, consul, 117. Nero, Roman emp., 150, 151. Nerva, Roman emp., 152. Nesselrode, 482.
Netherlands, acquisition by the house of Burgundy, 328, 329; war of liberation, 330; independence recognized, 331; war with Louis XIV., 367; with England, 379, 380; New Amsterdam lost, 358; Spanish Netherlands given to Austria, strife with Joseph II., 408; trans- formed into the Batavian republic, 456; into the kingdom of Holland, 468; in- corporated with France, 473; the French expelled, 479; kingdom of the Nether- lands formed, 483; Belgium separated from Holland, 489.
Neuchâtel, given to Prussia, 393; to Ber- thier, 468; as principality restored to Prussia, 482 as canton joined to the Swiss confederacy, 483; revolt from Prussia, 492; given up by Prussia, 501. Neuhof, baron, k. of Corsica, 415. Neustria, decay of, 35; in the 2d division of the Frankish kingdom, 181; in the 3d, 182, 183; in treaty of Verdun, 187.
Neutrality act, 548.
Nevada admitted to the Union, 558. Nevers, house of, 311.
Neville's Cross, battle of, 268.
New Albion, west, discovered by Drake, 289; east, granted to Plowden, 293.
New Amsterdam, founded, 298; captured by English, 358, 379. Newbury, battles of, 348.
Newcastle, ministry of, 438, 439. Newcomen, 486.
New England, named, 294; presidency of, 361 Indian hostilities in, 417. New Forest, 230.
Newfoundland, discovery, 284, 287; Gilbert takes possession of, 289; grant of a part to sir Geo. Calvert, 299.
New France, French settlements in, 299; name extended to the west, 364, 365; ceded to England, 422.
New Hampshire, granted to Mason, 296; separated from Massachusetts, 359; in- surrection in, 432.
New Haven, colony of, 357; union with Connecticut, 358.
New Jersey, granted to Berkeley and Car- teret, 358; under Andros, 361; divided into east and west Jersey, 359. New Netherlands, agreement with the united colonies, 357; granted to dukes of York and Albany, 358.
New North Wales, 299.
New Orleans, reserved to France, 422;
British repulsed at, 551.
Newport, treaty of, 351.
New South Wales, 299.
Newtown Butler, battle of 386.
New York, name of New Amsterdam changed to, 358; captured by the Dutch,
restored to England, 359; gov. Andros, 359, 361; gov. Fletcher, 362; gov. Bur- net, 417; settlement of Conn. boundary, 418 treaty with the Iroquois, 418; occu- pied by the British, 428; evacuated, 432. Ney, 467; "bravest of the brave," 475, 477; joined Napoleon, 483; executed, 485. Niagara, expedition against, 421, 423. Nicæa, council of, 159 Greek empire of, 216.
Nice, truce of, 304; annexed to France, 502.
Nicephorus Phocas, Greek emp., 210. Nicholas I., tsar of Russia, 488; Polish revolution. 490; intervention in Hun- gary, 495; joins Austria, 498; Crimean war, 499; death, 500. Nicholas V., anti-pope, 247. Nicias, 65-67; peace of, 66. Nicomedes, k. of Bithynia, 78; III., 129, 134.
Niels, k. of Denmark, 208. Nightingale, Florence, 500. Nihilists, 525, 526.
Nikita, pr. of Montenegro, 521. Nikolsburg, truce of, 509. Nile, battle of the, 460, 536. Nimrod, k. of Assyria, 5, n. 2; 13. Nimwegen, peace of, 368. Nineteen propositions, 347.
Nineveh, on the Tigris, 12; foundation, 14; captured by Cyaxares, 15, 25; battle of, 192.
Nippon, proper meaning, 32, n. 2. Nisib, battle of, 491. Nitta Yoshisada, 243. Nizam ul Mulk, 442. Noah, 36, 39.
Noailles, vicomte de, 450.
Nobility in Rome, 101, 102; abolished in France, 453; new nobility, 467. Nobunaga, 355, 356. Noisseville, battle of, 516. Nola, battle of, 149. Nollendorf, battle of, 477, 478. Nombre de Dios, 289. Non-jurors, 386. No popery riots, 440. Nordlingen, battle of, 313. Nore, mutiny at the, 536. Noreia, battle of, 127. Noricum, 148, 167.
Normandy, settled, 202; Vexin annexed to, 203; duke William conquers Eng- land, 206; belongs to Henry II. of Eng- land, 231; conquered by Philip Augus- tus, 227.
Normans. See Northmen.
North, sir Francis, 382.
North, lord, administration, 400, 425; re- signs, 441.
Northampton, battle of, 272. North Anna, battle of, 558.
Northbrook, lord, viceroy of India, 547. North Carolina, separated from South Car- olina, 418; colonial charter suspended, 427; insurrection in, 425; accepted the constitution of U. S., 547. Northcote, sir Stafford, 545. Northern convention, 462 463. Northern war, 394.
North German Confederation.
many. Northmen, wars with Charles the Great, 185; ravages in France and Germany, 193, 201; settled in Italy, 198, 199, 200; siege of Paris, 201; settlement, 202; in England, 203, 204, 205; conquest of Eng- land, 206.
Northumberland, of, 336; e. of, 270, 271. Northumbria, kingdom of, 178, 179, 180. Norway, early history to 1103, 208; from death of Magnus Barfod to union of Cal- mar, 1103-1397, 238; to 1524, 276, 351; to 1789, 409; ceded to Sweden, 479, 483; war with Sweden, 484; constitutional contest in, 526.
Notables, assembly of, 447. Notium, battle of, 69.
Nottingham, e. of, impeached, 270. Nottingham, e. of, sec. of, state, 385, 433; pres. of council, 436.
Novara, battle of, 319, 488, 494.
Nova Scotia, granted to sir Wm. Alexan- der, 295, 299; ceded to England, 393;
422, 439; fisheries in, 432.
Novgorod, 208, 277.
Novi, battle of, 461.
Nullification proclamation, 553.
Numa Pompilius, k. of Rome, 88. Numantia, destruction of, 123. Numerianus, Roman emp., 158.
Numidia, divided between Bocchus and Gauda, 121, 127, 142.
Nuremberg, peace of, 303; fortified camp of, 312.
Nymphenburg, alliance of, 401. Nystadt, peace of, 397.
Oates, Titus, plot, 381; trial, 383; pardon,
Oregon admitted to the Union, 556; boun- dary decided, 543, 550; treaty, 554. Orellana, Francisco, 288.
Orford (adm. Russell), invites William III., 384; victory of La Hogue 387; created earl of Orford, impeached, 388. Organic statute, 490. Orinoco, discovery of, 283. Orkneys, conquest of, 209. Orleanists, 530.
Orleans besieged by Attila, 173; maid of, 260; cap. of Burgundy, 181; battle of,
Osborne, sir Thomas. See Danby, 380. Osiris, 2, 3.
Osman I., 278; Pasha, 522.
Osnabrück, negotiations for peace at, 315. Ostend East India Co., 437.
Ostmark (Lusatia), formation of, 194; Ba- varian Ostmark reestablished, 196; en- larged, 199. See Austria. Ostrach, battle of, 460. Ostracism, 55.
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