province, 118; invaded by Vandals, Suevi
Alani, 171; West Gothic kingdom in,
172, 174; Suevi and West Goths unite and
are converted, 175; conquered by Moors,
183; fall of Cordova, rise of Christian
kingdoms, 756-1035, 209; revolt of Por-
tugal, union of Castile and Leon, 240;
conquest of Granada, wars between Castile
and Aragon, 276; union of Aragon and
Castile, 328; discoveries in America,
282; war with France, peace of the Pyre-
nees, 366; war with England, 377; war
of the Spanish succession, 390; partition
treaties, 391; peace of Utrecht, 393;
house of Bourbon, 414; Jesuits expelled,
415; war with England in America, 419,
437, 438; Florida ceded to England, 423,
439; war with England, 440; Florida re-
stored to Spain, 432, 441; France declares
war against, 453; Bourbons displaced in
favor of Joseph Bonaparte, 470; penin-
sula war, 471, 473; constitution of 1812,
ib. ;
French driven from Spain, 479;
Bourbons restored, 483; liberal rising,
const. of 1812 restored, 487; French in-
tervention, 488; revolt of the American
colonies, 488; revolution of 1868, 512; S.
a republic, 520; monarchy restored, 521;
treaties with the United States, 548, 552.
Spanish succession, 388; war of, 330.
Sparta, founded, 48; constitution of Ly-
curgus, 50; first hegemony, 56; Ther-
mopylæ, 58; Platææ, 60; hegemony
transferred to Athens, 61; war with
Athens, 62; Peloponnesian war, 64: sec-
ond hegemony, 69; loss of hegemony to
Thebes, 70; war with the Achæan
league, 79, 122; Nabis defeated by Ro-
mans, 80.
Spartacus, 133.
Spectator, 436.
steam-engine, 486; applied to navigation,
Steele, sir Richard, 436.
Steenkirke, battle of, 370, 387.
Stein, baron of, reorganizes Prussia, 471;
central administration, 478, 479; at con-
gress of Vienna, 482.
Steinmetz, 514.
Stenbock, Swedish general, 396.
Stenkil, k. of Sweden, 208, 237.
Stephen, archd. palatine, 494.
Stephen of Blois, k. of England, 230.
Stephen, St., k. of Hungary, 277.
Stephen Bathory, elected k. of Poland,
Stevenson, George, 486.
Steward, office of, 195.
Steyer, truce of, 462.
Stilicho, 161, 171.
Stillwater, battles of, 429.
Stockach, battles of, 460, 462.
Stockholm, massacre of, 352; treaty of,
396, 437.
Stony Point, storm of, 430.
Strafford, earl of, sketch of life, 344; im-
peachment, 345; execution, 346.
Stralsund, peace of, 237, 249; siege of, 310;
lost by Sweden, 396.
Strassburg, remains to the empire, 316;
seized by Louis XIV., 369; siege, 516;
capitulation, 518; ceded to the German
empire, 519.
Strathclyde subjected to Northumbria, 180;
submits to England, 204.
Stratton Hill, battle of, 347.
Strelitzes, 374.
Struensee, 409.
Stuart, house of, succeeds in England,
339; expelled, 375; restored, 378; ex-
pelled, 385.
Speier, diet at, 224; imperial chamber at, Stuart, Arabella, 340; imprisonment and
Spicheren, battle of, 516.
Sphinx, 3, 46.
Spinola, 309, 315.
Spitamas, 26.
Spithead, mutiny at, 535.
Spoils system, in U. S., 552.
Spottsylvania, battle of, 558.
Spurius Cassius, 97.
Stadtlohn, battle of, 310.
Stahremberg, 372.
Stamford, battle of, 274.
Stamfordbridge, battle of, 206.
Stuyvesant, Peter, 357, 358.
Suessula, battle of, 104.
Suevi, location, 164, 170; invade Spain,
171; unite with West Goths, 175.
Suez Canal, 512, 545.
Suffolk, d. of (Wm. de la Pole), impeach-
ment, 271.
Sugar act, passage of, 423.
Suger, abbot of St. Denis, 226.
Suleiman. See Soliman.
Sulla, L. Cornelius, takes Jugurtha, 127;
in the social war, 129: war with Marius,
130; war against Mithridates, 130; ap-
pointed dictator in Rome, 132; abdicated,
133; death, ib.
Stamp act, passage of, 423, 440; repeal of, Sully, d. of, 325, 340.
Sulpicius Galba, P., 118; Rufus, 130.
Sumir, 13.
Sumter, Thomas, 430.
Sunderland, (2d) e. of (Spencer), in cabinet,
381; sec. of state, 382; becomes Catho-
lic, 383; dismissed, 384; returned to
parliament, 387, lord chamberlain, 388;
(3d) e. of, whig leader, 435; lord lieut. of
Ireland, 436.
Sung, kingdom of, 242.
Surajah Dowlah. See Siráj-ud-Daulá.
Surat, English factory at, 353.
Surinam, discovery of, 283.
Surrey, earl of, executed, 336.
Susiana in Persia, 24, 30; invaded by
Arabs, 192.
Sutras, Hindu scriptures, 23.
Suttee, abolition of, 541.
Suvaroff, Turkish war, 413; storms Prague,
414; in italy and Switzerland, 460, 461.
Suy dynasty in China, 32.
Svatopluk II., k. of Moravia, 194.
Svea, 208, 237.
Svend, Forked Beard, k. of Denmark, 207;
in England (Swegen), 205; Estridsen, k.
of Denmark, 207.
Sverre, k. of Norway, 238.
Svold, battle of, 209.
Swabia, duchy of, 194; revolt of duke
Ernst, 198; Rudolf of, anti-king, 200;
rise of Würtemberg and Baden, 244,
league of cities, conflict with counts of
Würtemberg, 250.
Swabian city league, 249.
Swally, battle of, 354.
Syria, Egyptian supremacy over, 4; lost
by Ramessu II., 5; wars of Psamethik
in, 6; subject to Assyria, 14; conquered
by Nebuchadnezzar, 16; under the Seleu-
cidæ, 77; taken possession of by Ti-
granes, 134; a Roman province, 136;
subdued by Aurelian, 157.
Szczekoziny, 414.
Tabernacle, 8.
Taborites. 252.
Tacitus, Roman emp., 157.
Tadmor, foundation of, 9.
Tadoussac, 290.
Taginac, battle of, 175.
Tagliacozzo, battle of, 226.
Taharak, k. of Egypt, 6.
Tai-ping rebellion, 561.
Taira family in Japan, 212, 213, 242.
Talavera, battle of, 471.
Talbot, e. of Shrewsbury, 272.
Talikot, battle of, 354.
Sweden, Svea and Göta, mythical history,
208; Christianity introduced; union of
Calmar, 238; settlements in America, 298;
in the thirty years' war (Gustavus Adol-Tanagra, battle of, 63.
phus), 311-314; at the peace of West-
phalia acquires Pomerania, Rügen,
Wismar, Bremen, Werden, 316; house
of Vasa, 352; house of Zweibrücken,
373; war with Brandenburg, 374; Charles
XII.'s war with Peter the Great, 394,
376; loss of Bremen, Werden to Han-
over; Stettin, Wollen, Usedom, Hither
Pomerania to Prussia, 396; "Hats"
and "Caps," 409; house of Holstein-Got-
torp; war with Russia, 409; joins third
coalition against France, 467; forced ab-
dication of Gustavus IV., 472; loss of
Finland, 473; Bernadotte crown prince,
473; alliance with Russia, promise of
Norway, 474; alliance with England,
476; peace with Denmark, loss of Pom-
erania and Rügen, 479; at congress of
Vienna receives Norway, 483; which has
to be subdued, 484.
Swegen. See Svend.
Swift, Jonathan, 436.
Tallagio, de non concedendo, 267.
Talleyrand, 481, 482.
Tamerlane, defeats Bajazet, 278, 353.
Tancred of Hauteville, 199, 214; of Lecce,
223.
Tang dynasty in China, 211.
Tanneguy Duchâtel, 259.
Tannenberg, battle of, 277
Tâoism, in China, 31.
Tarentum, 51; war with the Samnites,
104; war with Rome, 107.
Targowitz, confederacy of, 413.
Tariff of abominations, 52.
Tarik. 183.
Tarleton, 431.
Switzerland, 162; origin of the confeder-
acy, 245; story of Tell, 246; war with
Austria, 247; Berne joins the confed-
eracy, 248; Sempach, 250; Armagnacs
attack Basle, 253; practically indepen-
dent, 300; reformation, Zwingli, 301; in-
dependence acknowledged, 316; Berne
takes the Waadtland from Savoy, 327;
transformed into the Helvetian republic,
460; restoration of the independent can-
tons, 464; addition of Geneva, Wallis,
and Neuchâtel, 483; civil war, new con-
stitution, 492; Neuchâtel resigned by
the king of Prussia, 501; rupture with
the papacy, 520.
Syagrinus, 173.
Sybota, battle of, 65.
Sylvester II., pope, 197; III., 199.
Symington, 486.
Syracuse besieged by Carthaginians, 20;
foundation of, 51; expedition of Athe-
nians against, 67; war under Hiero; war
with Rome, 111; sack of, 116.
Tarpeian rock, 82.
Tarquinius Priscus, 35, 89; Superbus, 89.
Tarquins, expulsion of, 93; war with, 103.
Tassilo, d. of Bavaria, revolt of, 185.
Tasso, Torquato, 328.
Tatars, Mongols, 240; Khitans in China,
241; Mongols in China, 242; Manchoos
invade China, 355; become independent,
412.
Ta-tsing dynasty in China, 355.
Tauroggen, treaty of, 475.
Taylor, Zachary, 555.
Tegethoff, 506, 510.
Teja, k. of East Goths, 175.
Telamon, battle of, 112.
Telegraph invented, 486; first submarine,
487; communication between France
and England, 543; experimental line
built by S. F. B. Morse, 554; communi-
cation between U. S. and Great Britain,
559.
Tel-el-Kebir, capture of, 546.
Tell, William, 246.
Temesvar, 372, 397, 495.
Templars, 217.
Temple, in Jerusalem, erection of, 9; de-
struction, reërection, 11.
Temple, sir William, 382.
Temuchin, 240.
Tennessee, admitted to the Union, 548.
Tenure of office bill, 559.
Teplitz, alliance of, 477; conference at,
491.
Terentilius Arsa, 97.
Terreur blanche, 527.
Territory N. W. of Ohio, 433.
Terry, general, 559.
Teschen, peace of, 407.
Test act, 380; repealed, 539.
Testri, battle of, 183.
Tetzel, Dominican monk, 301.
Teuta, queen of the Illyrians, 112.
Teutobod, king of Teutones, 127.
Teutoburg forest, Roman legions annihi-
lated in, 149, 167.
Teutones, invade Italy, 127, 167.
Teutonic knights, 217, 464.
Teutons, 36; geography, 162; ethnology,
163; religion, 164; civilization, 166;
history, 167; migration of Teutonic
tribes, 170; Teutonic monarchies in the
Roman empire, 171; in Britain, 176.
Tewksbury, battle of, 274.
Texas, annexed to United States, and ad-
mitted to the Union, 554.
Thales, 21.
Thankmar, 195.
Thapsus, battle of, 142.
Thebes, in Egypt, 2, 4.
Thebes, in Boeotia, founded, 45; war of
the Seven against, 46; subdued, 48;
Thebans at Thermopylæ, 59; allied with
Sparta against Athens, 62, 65; war with
Sparta, hegemony of, 70; destruction, 73.
Themistocles, 57; rebuilds walls of Ath-
ens, 61; death, 61.
Theodelinde, 175.
Theodora, 210.
Theodore, archb. of Canterbury, 180.
Theodore I., k. of Corsica, 415.
Theodoric the Great, k. of East Goths, 174.
Theodoric I., k. of the Franks, 181.
Theodoric I., k. of West Goths, 173.
Theodosius, Roman emp., 161, 171.
Theophano, wife of Otto II., 196, 197.
Theramenes, 69.
Thermidorians, 456.
Thermopylæ, battle of, 58, 119.
Theron of Agrigentum, 20.
Thesprotians, 41.
Thessalian migration, 47.
Thessalonica, kingdom of, 216.
Thessaly, 40, 79, 141, 523.
Thevet, André, 288.
Thibet, Buddhism in, 23; conquered by
Kang-he, 390.
Thierry, k. of the Franks. See Theodoric.
Thiers, fall of the ministry of, 491; in op-
position, 512; head of the executive,
519; ministry, 529; fall, 530; president,
533; resigns, ib.; death, 534.
Thirty-nine articles, 338.
Thirty tyrants, 69, 157.
Thistlewood, executed, 538.
Thomas, gen., 558.
Thor, 164, 165.
Thorn, peace of, first and second, 277.
Thracia, 28, 150.
Thrasybulus, 68, 69, 70.
Three bishoprics (Toul, Metz, Verdun),
taken by France, 306, 321; ceded to
France, 316; taken by Germany, 518.
Tifata, battle of, 131.
Tiglath-Adar, k. of Assyria, 14.
Tiglath-Pileser, ks. of Assyria, I., II., 14.
Tigranes, k. of Armenia, 30, 134, 135.
Tigranocerta, battle of, 135.'
Tillotson, archb. of Canterbury, 387.
Tilly, White Hill, 309; in Holstein, 310;
Magdeburg, 311; death, 312.
Tilsit, peace of, 469, 537.
Timoleon, 20.
Tin not brought from England by Phoeni-
cians, 17, n.
Tinchebrai, battle of, 230.
Tingitana, 150.
Tippamuir, battle of, 348.
Tipu sultan, 442, 444, 541.
Tirhakah. See Taharak.
Tiridates, k. of Armenia, 150, 188.
Tiridates, k. of Parthia, 29.
Tissaphernes, 67, 70.
Titian, 328.
Titus, Roman emp., 151, 152; destroys Je-
rusalem, 12.
Togrul Beg, 210.
Tokio. See Yedo.
Tököly, count, 372.
Tokugawa Iyeyasu, 355.
Tokugawa shoguns, 356.
Tolbiacum, 173.
Towton, battle of, 274.
Trafalgar, battle of, 467.
Traitorous correspondence bill, 535.
Trajan, Roman emp.; Parthian exp. 30;
reign, 152, 153.
Transubstantiation, 269.
Transylvania, 309, 315, 416, 511.
Trasimenus, battle of lake, 114.
Trautenau, battle of, 509.
Travendal, peace of, 394.
Treason, statute of, 269.
Trebia, battle of the, 114, 461.
Trebizond, Greek empire of, 216.
Trelawney, b., 384.
Trent, affair of the, 557.
Trent, council of, 305.
Trenton, battle of, 428.
Trevellyan, G. O., sec. for Ireland, 546.
Treves. See Trier.
Trevithick, 486.
Trevor, sir John, 388.
Trial of the bishops under James II., 384.
Tribes of Israel, 8.
Tribunes, appointment, 96, 97; military
tribunes created, 99'; abolished, 101';
lose their revolutionary character, 102;
their power limited by Sulla, 132; re-
stored, 133; conferred upon Cæsar, 143.
Tribur, imperial diet at, 199, 200.
Tribus, 92.
Triennial act, 345, 388.
Trier, archb. of, 248.
Trierarchy, 58.
Trifanum, battle at, 104.
Trifels, 216.
Triple alliance between England, Holland,
and Sweden, 367, 380; between England,
France, and Holland, 437.
Tripolitan war, 549.
Triumvirate, first, 137; second, 145.
Trochu, 517, 518, 519.
Trojan war, 47.
Troppau, congress at, 487.
Troyes, peace of, 259, 271, 338.
Tschesme, battle of, 412.
Tseng, marquis, 562.
Tshernajeff, 521.
Tsin dynasty in China, 32; later Tsin, 211.
Tuathal, 39.
Tudor, house of, 333.
Tughlak, sultan of Delhi, 241.
Tuileries, storm of the, 452; burnt, 533.
Tullus Hostilius, 89.
Tunes, battle of, 111.
Tunis, Louis IX. at, 217; expedition of
Charles V. against, 304; French expe-
dition to, 534.
Turco-Russian war in Europe, 522; in
Asia, 523.
Turenne, marshal, 315, 366; death, 368.
Turgot, 447.
Turin, peace of, 371; battle of, 392, 434.
Turks, Turkey, empire of the Seljuk T.,
210; supremacy of the Osman or Otto-
man T., 278; war with Charles V., 303;
alliance with Francis I., 305; war with
Max. II., 306; with Venice (Lepanto),
326; highest development of the em-
pire, decline, 353; wars with Leopold I.
(siege of Vienna), 372; peace of Carlo-
witz, T. receives Temesvar, loses Morea
to Venice, Hungary and Transylvania to
Austria, 372, 416, Azoff lost to Russia,
375; Charles XII. in T., 395; Azoff re-
gained, 396; conquest of Morea, war
with Austria, peace of Passarowitz, Aus-
tria receives Temesvar, Little Wallachia,
Belgrade, part of Servia, 397; war with
Poland and Russia, regains Belgrade,
Servia, Little Wallachia, 398; war with
Russia and Austria, 408, 410; Azoff finally
lost, 410; with Catharine II. (1), peace of
Kutschouc Kainardji, Bug the boun-
dary, 412; (2) peace of Jassy, Dniester
the boundary, 413; war with Russia,
peace of Bucharest, Pruth the boun-
dary, 473; revolt of Greece, 488; mas-
sacre of Janizaries, Navarino, 489; war
with Russia, peace of Adrianople, 489;
Crimean war, 499; peace of Paris, 501;
revolt of Herzegovina, etc., "Bulgarian
atrocities," 521; war with Russia, 522;
peace of San Stefano, 523; congress of
Berlin, 524; loss of much territory, 524;
conference of Berlin, surrender of Dul-
cigno, 525.
Tuscany, Cosimo de Medici of Florence
becomes grand duke of T., 327; Francis
Stephen, of Lorraine, receives T., 398,
416; becomes an appanage of Austria,
416; grand duke expelled, 461; ceded to
Parma, as kingdom of Etruria, 463; old
dynasty restored, 483; united with Sar-
dinia, 502.
Tuscaroras, 363, 417.
Two Sicilies. See Naples, Sicily.
Tycoon. See Shogun.
Tyler, John, 554.
Tyndale's translation of the Bible, 335.
Tyndaris, battle off, 110.
Tyrant, 49.
Tyrconnel, 383, 387.
Tyre. 16; subdued by Nebuchadnezzar, 16;
surpasses Sidon, 18; height of its pros-
perity under Hiram, 18; decline, 19, be-
sieged by Nebuchadnezzar, 19; captured
by Alexander, 20.
Tyrol, acquired Carinthia, 244; given to
Austria by Margaret Maultasch, 249;
falls to archduke Maximilian, 253; in-
vaded by Bavarians, 392; ceded to Ba-
varia, 468; revolt of Tyrol under Hofer,
471; revolt subdued, southern Tyrol an-
nexed to Italy, 472; T. restored to Aus-
tria, 482.
Tyrone, e. of, rebellion, 339, 341.
Ulm, 250; truce of, 315; surrender of,
467.
Ulrica Eleanora, q. of Sweden, 396.
Ulrich, d. of Würtemberg, victory of Swa-
bian league over, 250.
Ulrich, d. of Würtemberg, restored, 304.
Umbria, 81, 83, 141.
Umbro-Sabellian tribe, 86.
"Unam Sanctam," 254.
Union of Calmar, 237, 238, 240, 351.
Union Générale, failure of, 534.
Union, German, 498.
Union, Protestant, 308, 309.
Union Jack, 434.
United New Netherland company, 298.
United Provinces. See Netherlands.
United States of America, independence
proclaimed, 428; articles of confedera-
tion, 429; independence recognized and
boundaries established, 432; first con-
gress at New York, 517; first meets at
Washington, 549; Jay's treaties, 548;
Louisiana purchase, 549; war of 1812,
551; Missouri compromise, 552; war with
Mexico, 554; fugitive slave law, 548, 555;
civil war, 557, prohibition of slavery,
558; resumption, civil service reform,
560.
United States bank, 547; second, 551.
Unstrut, battle of, 195, 199.
Urana, Pedro de, 288.
Urban II., pope, 213.
Urchan, 278.
Uruguay, discovery of, 286; independent,
488.
Usurtasen, ks. of Egypt, I., II., III., 4.
Utica, Phoenician colony, 17; battle of,
141.
Vendôme, 392, 435.
Vendôme, column, 532.
Venezuela, discovery of, 283; republic of,
488.
Venice founded by Italian fugitives, 173;
shares in 4th crusade, 216; constitu-
tion, 697-1454, 262; acquisition of Corfu
and Cyprus, height of its power, ib.:
league of Cambray, 300, 318; holy league,
318; decline in power, loses Cyprus to
the Turks, 326; at the peace of Cario-
witz receives Morea, 372; which it loses
at the peace of Passarowitz, 397; these
wars described, 415; V. seized by France,
gov. overthrown, 459; ceded to Austria,
except Ionian Islands, 459; at the con-
gress of Vienna, Austria retains V., which
forms with Milan the Lombardo-Venetian
kingdom, 482; revolt and subjugation,
494; ceded to Napoleon III., 509; ceded
to Italy, 510, and united with that king
dom, 511.
Vera Cruz, 285; surrender of, to gen.
Scott, 554.
Vercellæ, battle of, 128.
Vercingetorix, 139.
Verden, ceded to Sweden, 316; conquered
by Denmark and sold to Hanover, 396.
Verdun, see the Three bishoprics; treaty
of, 187.
Utrecht, peace of, 393, 435; treaty of, 363; Vere, Robert de, impeachment, 269.
Vergennes, c. de, 447.
Vergilius Maro, P., 81, 147.
Vergniaud, 451, 452, 454.
Vermont, organized, 429; admitted to
Union, 547.
Verona, congress of, 488.
Veronese, Paul, 328.
Valentinianus, I., Roman emp., 160; II., Verrazzano, Giovanni di, 286.
Valerianus, Roman emp., 156, 188.
Valerius, laws of, 98.
Valerius Corvus, M., 103, 104; Maximus,
110; Poplicola, 93.
Valley Forge, 429.
Valmy, battle at, 452.
Valois, house of, 257.
Van Buren, Martin, 552, 553.
Vandals, location, 170; invaded Spain, 171;
kingdom in Africa, 172; power in Africa
destroyed, 174.
Vane, sir Henry, execution of, 379.
Van Tromp, 376.
Varahran I., k. of Persia, II., III., 188;
IV., V., 189; VI., see Bahram.
Varna, battle of, 278.
Varro, C. Terentius, 115.
Varus, Quintilius, 143, 149, 167.
Vasa, house of, 352.
Veii, war of Romulus with, 88; siege of, Vienna, grand alliance of, 370. See Grand
Velasquez, Diego, 284, 285.
Venaissin, annexed to France, 452.
Vendée, royalistic revolt in the, 453, 454;
conclusion of the war, 457; new revolt
repressed, ib.
Vienna, alliance of, against Napoleon (1815),
483; concordat of, 253; conference in,
491; congress of, 482, 537; final act, 487;
peace of (ending war of Polish succession),
398; peace of between France and Aus-
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