city immigrant communities, however, and at the tense centers of the coal, iron, glass and steel industries, where conditions created by recent immigration are most acute, and where often the forces of the Protestant Church are at a hopeless sort of disadvantage, there is the immediate and urgent demand for a new leadership, the best that Christian training, education and experience in this country can produce. The life of whole communities is at stake. And such situations can only be met on the part of the Church by men of heroic consecration and of unusual ability, who have a splendid grasp upon the significance of American democracy and American Christian institutions. It is this type of men the Home Board is seeking to interest and enlist through its Immigration Fellowships; the same type of men the Church has been sending to foreign fields, and who may now find a foreign field hard by.

An excellent illustration of the type of service to be rendered is instanced in the Rev. Norman M. Thomas, a young Princeton graduate and prize debater, a graduate of Union Seminary, who recently resigned the assistant pastorship of one of the most influential churches in this country to accept a commission from the Home Board's Department of Immigration for work in a great congested, immigrant community in New York, from which the Protestant Church was retreating. Mr. Thomas has been appointed chairman of the Board of Pastors and Workers in the American Parish, which includes four organized churches and a neighborhood house on the upper east side of Manhattan. The parish embraces a polyglot community, with Jews

and Italians in greatest number, one Italian community having a population of ninety thousand. Associated with Mr. Thomas are three Italian pastors, a Hungarian pastor, a corps of visitors and a group of student workers. He has made his home immediately in the community, is studying Italian, and is heroically addressing himself to the readjustment of the Presbyterian Church's work in this vast parish of more than two hundred thousand. On the lower east side of Manhattan the Home Board has also recently commissioned Rev. John E. Flemming, a recent Auburn graduate, as pastor and director of Hope House and Hope Chapel, in the very heart of a great Jewish Ghetto. This field has often been referred to as the most difficult in the country for the ministry of the Protestant Christian Church. A house to house canvass developed only two nominally Protestant families in every hundred, in a neighborhood congested with three thousand people to a single block. In addition to directing the ministry of Hope House and Chapel towards this Jewish community, Mr. Flemming is associated with the Rev. Basil Kusiw in the difficult task of meeting the religious needs of a Ruthenian people in reaction from the Greek Catholic Church. It is to fields of this sort the holders of the Department's Immigration Fellowships may look forward. They challenge the best Christian young manhood our country can produce.

Correspondence concerning these Fellowships may be addressed to Rev. William P. Shriver, Superintendent of the Department of Immigration, Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

"This glory of the immigration business its ugly features can never obliterate. What a magnificent product will be the American character when the process of amalgamation has gone forward a few further stages! How little any one race expresses the full measure of the human character! How far short does any one strain of racial nature fall of running the full gamut of human possibility! And what a splendid product will be the combination of them all in the coming American !"— "World Missions from the Home Base," by

"God has brought some of the heathen close up to us, to enable us to determine how correct are our conceptions, how clear is this gospel light which we supposed we had to disseminate. This experience ought to correct many an erroneous notion. The foreigner, the brother-man seen in such a delusive light at the great distance, when brought close up will make the missionary enterprise seem a very different thing from what some had supposed it."-"World Missions from the Home Base," by Jos. Ernest McAfee.

My work is among the Magyar women and children, working with my husband together. We came to Lackawanna just a year ago. The situation was a neglected one, and the most awful conditions arose because of the distrust of our people toward any kind of religious work. My first endeavor was therefore to gain the confidence of our people. The Magyar women wanted to be let alone.

Some of them were angry when I came to their homes. After a little while they were not anymore angry with me, and the time came when they let me talk to their children.

You will find in these homes everything is very, very simple. You will of course find homes which are unclean. Many are nicely furnished; they are the homes of the Magyars who have settled down thoroughly in America. I love the Magyar women, because, in spite of their simplicity, they are honest and good. The Magyar woman works hard. She has many children and she loves the children. The husband earns but a little money. They have mostly debts in the old country, which they like to pay. Therefore, the Magyar woman works hard. She makes a few dollars, having boarders, who pay for her work. She washes all the clothes, she cooks, cleans the home, scrubs the floor. The Magyars are poor. They were poor in the old country too. To change their lives for a better one, they thought to come to America, make many dollars, and then go back to the old country. But when they are accustomed to real American life, they will never go back, but stay here forever.

Because the Magyar woman works so hard all day, she has not enough time to care for her little children. After eight months work, we realized that something had to be done with those little girls and fellows. Now let me say a few words about our children and kindergarten work. All the little ones are dear, because innocent. Our children in the kindergarten are taught, first of all, to pray; then, to obey their parents; to love each other; to be clean and modest. And all these great things are taught, by playing. A little boy three years of age said once at home, before the supper, that he has to pray before eating, because the pastor's Mrs. ordered so. The parents gave him permission to do so. Don't you think that this little prayer of that little boy touched the parents and the boarders who were sitting round the table and who, probably, never prayed before their suppers?

Now, when I started the kindergarten it was difficult to explain to the parents that they have to clean their children daily before sending them to school. But today all the children come neat and clean. You know how the little chilldren are. They would like to eat and drink all the time. So it was difficult to hold them back during the teaching from eating and drinking. A mother told me that her child had to eat every fifteen minutes; if not, the child would suffer on account of hunger. Why the child has not eaten anything at all during the kindergarten hours, and, of course, has not suffered. But when they go home from school they heartily enjoy their lunch or dinner. Parents say their children are eating so well after the school hours. The parents of our little ones often ask me, by what power can I attract the children? A mother said to me that her little girl loves so much the kindergarten that she dreams even about it. Because I love them, they love me. And so, we go on very nicely.

sion charged with making "full inquiry, examination and investigation of the subject" of immigration. Its four years of exhaustive investigation now completed at an expense of $400,000.00 or more will be published in fortytwo volumes. Dr. Jenks was a member of this Federal Commission and Professor Lauck, Superintendent of its Field Agents. They have practically given us in this single volume for popular use the results of the work of the Federal Commission. But any intimate study calls for an acquaintance with the various peoples making up the new immigra

United States. The chapter on Slovak Immigration helps to an acquaintance with the Magyar, the strong man of Hungary. Prof. Balch's book includes an excellent bibliography.

The Greeks are bulking larger in our recent immigration. An attractive volume, Greek Immigration to the United States, by Henry Pratt Fairchild, has just been issued by the Yale University Press. Mr. Pratt's study was carried on under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. It discusses the national character of the Greek, his religion and language, direct causes of emigra

tion, and takes up his story in this country. There is no recent satisfactory book that I know of on the Italian in this country. His increasing number and importance, there being 340,000 foreign-born Italians in the city of New York alone, would suggest a book which we may shortly expect. A book of exceeding interest, however, discussing the present political and social conditions in Italy from which this immigration is coming, is New Italy, translated from letters of Prof. Garlanda by Miss Wood. In her preface the translator explains that the Italian author, who is a professor in the Royal University of Rome, was obliged to publish his book under a pseudonym, for it contains so sharp an attack upon the Italian Government and its methods that the author thought it well to shift the responsibility by making his volume purport to be a translation of a foreigner's views on Italy. Comparisons are drawn between the American and Italian way of doing things, a method of treatment which should enhance its interest for readers on this side of the Atlantic and will be suggestive to those who are working among the Italians. chapter discusses the relation of Church and State. Italy of the Italians is an interesting volume in a series published by Scribners, including also France, Spain, Switzerland and Germany of the Germans. This book describes modern Italy on its better side, including chapters on literature, recreation, the press, and so forth.

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No study of recent immigration can overlook the immigrant in industry. The volumes of The Pittsburgh Survey, published by the Russell Sage Foundation are invaluable in giving vivid and searching descriptions of the industrial life of the immigrant in the iron and steel industry, notably Homestead, the Households of a Mill Town, by Miss Byington, and The Steel Workers, by John A. Fitch.

Those who have read the warm and fascinating books of Professor Steiner, which have done so much to arouse a sympathetic interest in our recent immigrants, will delight in his latest book, The Broken Wall, a dozen' stories of "The Mingling Folk." These stories would make excellent reading for meetings of boys, girls or young people.

The ministry of the Protestant Church to the Jews in this country is confessedly the most difficult of fulfilment. Those interested in the subject will find the recent scholarly

work of Dr. Morris Fishberg, The Jews, A Study of Race and Environment, of greatest help. To this time, we have had no book of this sort in English. Dr. Fishberg finds, that there is no longer such a thing as a real Jewish race. "It appears," he states, "that the Jews during their migrations in various parts of the world have taken up almost everywhere new racial elements and incorporated them by fusion into the body of Judaism." He sees the ultimate assimilation of the Jew, already far forwarded. "The emancipated Jew cannot and will not return to a Ghetto environment. The hardest struggle they have at present is to free their Russian co-religionists from enforced segregation and isolation. We have also seen that when liberated from the Ghetto they soon begin to free themselves from their ritualism, which has as a concomitant a strong and growing tendency to intermarriage. This, coupled with voluntary baptisms, low marriage and birth rates, characteristic of emancipated Jews everywhere, points to the road modern Israel is pursuing." For those in the West, for whom the problem of Chinese Immigration is of concern, Chinese Immigration, by Dr. Mary Coolidge, will be invaluable. She includes also a select bibliography.

For anyone making a more scientific study of the immigrant races of this country, reference may be briefly made to several volumes not recently published but authoritative, The Mediterranean Race: A Study of the Origin of European Peoples, by Prof. Sergi of the University of Rome; also, The Races of Man, by Deniker. Both of these books are in the Contemporary Science Series. There is also the well-known work by Prof. Ripley, The Races of Europe, which has excellent maps and pictures of various racial types. In this connection, reference may also be happily made to a book by the late Prof. Shaler, of Harvard University, The Neighbor, in which he treats of those deep underlying prejudices which stand so in the way of a realization of the great fraternity of the Kingdom of God. His chapter on the Hebrew Problem will be read with special appreciation by those interested in Jewish evangelization.

Requests are frequently made for literature about our country and citizenship to be given to the immigrants themselves. The following will be found helpful. A pamphlet prepared by the Sons of the American Revolution and published by our Federal Government, en