and Holland and Zealand, of the Proteftant Netherlands, followed in 1583. In Germany, the reformation of the Calendar was difcuffed at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in the year 1582, and the Emperor and the Catholic States of the Empire introduced it in 1583. In Poland it was adopted in 1586, and in Hungary in 1587. In Germany, as in other countries, from the time of the introduction of the New Calendar it was the custom to date public documents with both new and old dates, when correfpondence was carried on with those countries. where the New Style had not been adopted. In places where Roman Catholics and Proteftants were living together the difference in the measurement of time, caused by the use of the two ftyles-Old and Newnaturally occafioned confiderable confufion and fometimes even quarrels. At Augsburg disturbances were created which lafted feveral years, and are known under the name of the Calendar-ftrife (Kalenderftreit). During the negotiations for "the peace of Westphalia" (1648), the Proteftant States were urged in vain to adopt the Gregorian Calendar; but after the peace of Ryfwick (1697), when it appeared probable that another Calendar-quarrel would break out in the Palatinate and elsewhere, they finally agreed on the 23rd of September, 1699, to introduce a reformed Calendar in the following year. Accordingly, eleven days were ftruck out of the Calendar, upon the adoption of the New Style, purfuant to proclamations issued for the several states. This was done chiefly at the inftigation of the celebrated Leibnitz, and with the affiftance of the mathematician, Erhard Weigel. About the fame time the New Calendar was adopted in Denmark, and about the year 1696 the change began in Sweden. In the Proteftant Cantons of Switzer. land the day following the 31st of December, 1700, was called the 12th of January, 1701. In England it was introduced as late as 1752. The Ruffians and other followers of the Greek Church ftill ufe the old Calendar. Other alterations, befides the omiffion of the ten days, were alfo ordered by Pope Gregory XIII. to take place after the year 1582; viz., that of the hundredth years then to come, only fourth hundredth years were to be biffextile or leap-years, having 366 days, (whereof the year 1600 was the firft); other hundredth years, not being fourth hundredths, to be confidered common years, having 365 days, the 29th of February being unwritten. The New Style of writing dates not having been univerfally adopted in the year 1582, but having been brought into use at different periods of time, in various countries, the number of days to be left out of the Calendar would neceffarily be regulated by the date of the adoption of the New Style in each country,-one day more being required to be left out in those hundredth years which were not fourth hundredths,-by the 29th February being unwritten according to the New Style. The firft hundredth year, after the adoption of the New Style, which was to lose a day by the 29th of February being unwritten was the year 1700; confequently 11 days were omitted upon the adoption of the New Style on or after the 19th of February, 1669-1700, English Old Style, until the 17th of February, 1800, Old Style, inclufive. And it became apparent that the New Style was in advance of the Old Style, to the amount of 11 days, on the 1st of March, 1700, New Style, when the day of that date corresponded to the day of the 19th of February, Old Style,— (in previous leap-years, the day of the 19th of February, Old Style, having corresponded to the day of the 29th of The amount of days in advance of the Old Style, and the difference between days and dates written according to the two styles-Old and New-will be seen in detail, as follows: In the year 1582, New Style, on the 15th of October, the 2 In France there were no days dated with the 10th to the 19th December, 1582, inclufive, according to the Old Style; the New Style being adopted by calling 10 December 1582 20 December 1582, 10 days being omitted. 3 In Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands, in the Roman Catholic States, and in Holland and Zealand, Proteftant States, there were no days dated 22 to 31 December, 1582, inclufive, according to the Old Style; the New Style being adopted by calling 22 December 1582 1 January 1583, 10 days being omitted. English Calendar, Roman Calendar, English Calendar, Roman Calendar, 21 Oct. Monday 31 Oct. Monday 21 Oct. Wednesday 31 Oct. Wednesday I Nov. Friday I I 30 Saturday IO 1 Dec. Sunday II Tuesday I Nov. Tuesday 22 دو Friday Thursday I Nov. Thursday 10 Thursday 31 Saturday ΙΟ I Nov. Sunday Saturday Thursday 1 Dec. Thursday 21 Saturday 1 Dec. Friday دو II Tuesday In the year 1600, New Style, on the 1ft of March, the amount of days in advance of the Old Style was ftill.... 10 days. The year 1600 being a fourth hundredth year, and a leapyear, having 366 days, the 29th of February was written according to the Gregorian system. N.B.-In Scotland, the day after 31 December, 1599, was called January 1600, pursuant to proclamation dated 17 Dec., 1599. |