THE INDEX GUIDE.

INTRODUCTION.

Preparation.-For a tour of three to six months in Europe, comparatively little preparation is necessary.

PASSPORTS, though no longer required in any of the countries of Central Europe, are yet desirable, especially for those travelling alone. They serve the purpose of identification in calling for letters poste restante, and will frequently gain admission to buildings otherwise closed to the public. For entering the territory of Russia a passport is indispensable.

The passport should always be carried upon the person; not in the trunk or valise. To procure a passport, address a letter to the "State Department, Washington," asking for ". passportblanks," and the requisite papers and instructions will be for warded.

WARDROBE-Ladies: For the voyage, a half-worn silk or worsted dress, a warm woollen wrapper, a close hood or nubia, warm knit slippers, and a carriage robe. For travel, a dress suitable for the cars and for galleries, a drawing-room dress, winter underwear even in summer, linen for two or three weeks, a warm shawl, a gossamer waterproof, a duster, strong, easy boots, small, light toilet articles, and no excess of anything.

Gentlemen need a thick, strong, woollen business-suit, one extra suit, a duster, winter underclothing, linen for two or three weeks, a light woollen and a gossamer overcoat.

Whatever may be required beyond this outfit can readily be supplied as occasion may demand. Ladies usually over-estimate the requisites in respect to wardrobe, and quite as much underestimate the annoyance of constant packing and unpacking of needless clothing.

LUGGAGE. Excess of luggage is a constant weariness, and on the Continent, a constant expense. Take what is absolutely needed, and nothing more. A supply against future possible

needs is not economy, as every article required can be purchased as cheap as here, or cheaper. In Italy, and some portions of Germany, no luggage is free.

"The warning cannot be too often repeated or too emphatically enforced on the traveller, that, if he values money, temper, comfort, and time, he will take as little luggage as possible."-Murray.

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TRUNKS.-The best trunk is known as a steamer trunk," and should be about 32 inches by 15 or 18 wide, and 12 or 15 deep, with a flat top. It should have a thoroughly strong lock, one or two good straps, firmly attached, and the owner's name (not initials) painted on the ends.

EXPENSES.-The cost of a tour may be estimated, all told, at from $6 to $10 per day. For purchases, at least three times the amount one thinks of spending.

FUNDS are best taken in a letter of credit, by which any desired amount may be drawn at any large city on the route. Nothing is gained (but worriment) by taking American gold.

A STEAMER CHAIR will be found desirable for the voyage. It should be marked with the full name, and can be stored until the return, at small cost.

STATE-ROOM.-The most desirable location of state-room is as near the centre of the ship as possible. Outside rooms are usually preferred; in some of the recent steamers, however, the inside rooms are among the most desirable, being equally well lighted and having better ventilation and less motion. Steamers having the saloon and state-rooms midship are much to be preferred to those having them aft. A state-room near the propeller is to be avoided unless one is absolutely proof against sea-sickness. EMBARCATION. -Be on board at least one hour prior to the time announced for sailing. Have all that you wish to use on the voyage in one trunk, marked with the number of your stateroom, and see that it is labeled on the dock, " Wanted," and the other trunks, "Not Wanted, or "Below." Have the wanted trunk sent to your state-room; the others, below. In the confu sion of starting, guard well all small packages.

As early as possible arrange with the steward for a seat at the table. The most desirable places are promptly engaged.

At Sea count upon sea-sickness, and take it philosophically. It can neither be prevented nor cured, nor is it so dreadful. Keep on deck and in the open air as much as possible. Have a supply of brandy, lemons, and fruit. To protect the face from the effect of the sun and salt air, some starch or rice-powder, glycerine, and a thick, dark veil will be found very desirable. A Gulf Stream fog will often blister the face as effectively as a clear Sluggish digestion should be promptly corrected. The stewardess or person who may attend upon one, should be re warded according to services rendered--one to five dollars.

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Customs Duties and Examinations.

Upon entering the jurisdiction of another government, whether by sea or land, all luggage is usually subject to customs examination. This examination is more or less thorough, according to the governmental requirement. As the customs officer is in the simple discharge of his duty, it is the wisest policy to extend to him every facility for such examination as he may desire, making no comment, expressing no dissent from his mode of procedure, however uncalled for it may appear. Courtesy is a good investment at this particular moment.

As soon as the luggage is in place for examination, find all your packages, have your keys ready, and inform an officer of your readiness.

There are few articles besides tobacco and liquors, including cologne, and, in England, foreign reprints of English books, to which the authorities in Europe give attention.

The custom laws of the United States are much more comprehensive and exacting

Returning tourists will find a general statement of the United States custom duties and regulations on page 99, noting, however, that the rate of duty may vary slightly from time to time.

Ship Time

Is divided into watches of 4 hours each, commencing at 12, 4, 8. The time of each watch is divided into 8 bells, and is struck every half hour; thus 2, 3, or 7 bells signify the 2d, 3d, or 7th half hour of the watch. The watch from 4 to 8 P. M. is divided into two watches of 2 hours each, called " Dog Watches." A signal bell of one stroke is struck 15 min. before the change of watch." Going eastward noon will occur from 20 to 40 min. earlier each day, according to the distance made. Going westward, the same amount later.

Nautical Lore.—Starboard, the right side of the ship when looking toward the bow (green). Port, the left (red). The masts are the fore-mast, main-inast, and mizzen-mast. The parts of the mast are fore-mast, fore-top-mast, fore-top-gallant-mast, fore-royal mast, and similarly for the other masts, thus, mainmast, main-top-mast, mizzen-mast, mizzen-top-mast, etc.

Booms are heavy spars to which the sails are attached--the jib. boom extending from the bowsprit; the flying-jibboom extending beyond the jibboom; the main aud mizzen booms are attached to the main and mizzen-masts; the spanker boom extends aft from the mizzen-mast.

Yards are heavy horizontal spars, crosswise the ship, to which the sails are attached along up the masts.

The principal sails are the jib and flying-jib, long triangular sails, extending from the fore-mast to the jibbooms; and along the masts upward from the deck the try-sail, the fore-course or foresail, fore-top-sail, fore-top-gallant-sail, fore-royal-sail, fore-skysail; and similarly for each of the other masts, thus, main-try-sail, main-sail, main-top-sail, mizzen-top-sail, etc., and the spanker, the sternmost sail, extending from the spanker boom to the gaff. The ensign or ship's colors are attached to the gaff.

Shrouds are the ropes used to sustain the masts, and extend from the fore-top to the sides of the ship (the rope ladders). The other ropes used as supports of the masts are designated stays, and are named from that part of the mast to which they are attached, as fore-stay, mizzen-stay, fore-royal-stay, mizzen-topgallant-stay, etc.

The Atlantic.

On leaving the pier at New York the steamer heads southward.

To the east is NEW YORK with the conspicuous towers of the Post Office, the W. U. Telegraph buildings, and Trinity Church; at the extreme point of the city, Castle Garden; further e., the Brooklyn Bridge, the largest suspension bridge yet erected; e., Governor's Island, with Fort Columbus; w., Ellis Island. Thence across N. Y. Bay 10 mls. to the NARROWS, Staten Island lying on the w. with Fort Tompkins, and Long Island on the e. with Fort Hamilton. Entering the Atlantic, SANDY HOOK is seen to the w. Forty mls. from Sandy Hook, on the coast of Long Island, is FIRE ISLAND LIGHT, and 80 mls. SHINNECOCK LIGHT. Passing these, the next landmark is the SOUTH SHOAL LIGHTSHIP, off Nantucket; possibly CAPE SABLE ISLAND, off Nova Scotia, and CAPE RACE LIGHT, on Newfoundland. These latter are more commonly seen on the return voyage.

THE BANKS, or Fishing Banks, or Newfoundland Banks, extending about 250 mls. in either direction, and lying at a very uniform depth of 200 to 300 ft, are noted alike for cod fisheries, fogs, and icebergs.

ICEBERGS. --The ordinary limit of ice is from March to August, between 45 and 55° lon. and above 42 lat. Icebergs are occasionally found outside this limit, both in date and location.

THE ROARING FORTIES.-From 40° to 50° lon., the prevalence of winds and generally disagreeable weather has giver this part of the ocean this significant title.