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ture were brought from Italy. Of these, several of the most valuable were carried away by the French in 1794, but returned in 1815.

The Choir, erected in 1353, is decorated with fine modern stained glass windows, with scenes representing the life of the Virgin. The 14 statues by the pillars are probably of the samẻ date as the choir. The pulpit was presented by Emp. Henry II. In the Sacristy are the Great Relics, which are exhibited only once in 7 years, attracting immense crowds upon the occasion; and the Smaller Relics, to which admission may be gained at any time (1 mark).

The Great Relics, preserved in a silver vase, were presented to Charlemagne by the Grand Patriarch of Jerusalem, and are held in the highest reverence by the devout. They consist of the swaddling-clothes, a scarf worn by Christ at the Crucifixion, a robe worn by the Virgin at the Nativity, and the cloth on which was laid the head of John the Baptist.

The Smaller Relics comprise a leathern girdle of Christ, a piece of the true cross, a girdle of the Virgin, a lock of the Virgin's hair, some bones of St. Stephen, and a piece of Aaron's rod.

Among these treasures are also the skull, a leg (called an arm) bone, and a hunting-horn of Charlemagne.

Beneath the centre of the dome is the tomb of Charlemagne bearing the words Carolo Magno. His remains were deposited here in 814. The tomb was opened in the year 1000 by Otho III., and the body, which was found seated upon a marble throne, was placed in a Parian marble sarcophagus. Directly above is a massive chandelier, presented by Emp. Fred. Barbarossa.

The HÔTEL DE VILLE, of the 14th cent., stands on the site of the palace where Charlemagne was born. It is especially noted for the Congresses which have here been held, and the treaties of peace which have here been signed, particularly those of 1748 and 1818.

The CORN EXCHANGE, probably of the 12th cent., is near the cathedral.

The SPRINGS, of which there are 8 located in the town and suburbs, are saline-sulphur, and of a temperature from 99° to 162°. ENVIRONS: Burtscheid, 1 ml., celebrated for its baths; Lousberg, 2 mls., with delightful walks and a commanding view of the town; Frankenburg, 1 ml., a hunting-seat of Charlemagne, with a tower of his time still standing; the place where, after

AARE

the death of Fastrada, his queen, Charlemagne sat for days gazing in sorrow upon the lake. The pond is the lake in which, ac cording to the legend, the magic ring of Fastrada was lost.

Routes To COLOGNE, 1.30 hr.. $1.90; $1.40; see Route 19. TO BRUSSELS, 4 hrs., $2.40; $1.80; see Route 19. TO ANTWERP, 4 hrs., $2.60; $2.00; see Route 17. Principal station on the s. e. margin of the city; Antwerp station on the n. w.

Aare Glaciers (glas'-e-a), Switz.; the UNTER-AARE and the OBER-AARE glaciers; to the w. of the Hospice on the Grimsel Pass; on the first of which Professor Agassiz made his residence, in 1841, for scientific observation.

Abbotsford, Scot., the residence of Sir Walter Scott; 4 mls. from Melrose; on the banks of the Tweed; situation not especially commanding. Carriages may be obtained at Melrose. Visitors admitted daily (ex. Sun.; also closed in winter) to the Armory, Dining-Room, Breakfast-Room, Drawing-Room, and Library, 1 sh. Contains a collection of relics of exceeding interest; principally presented to the Baronet. Visitors are always accompanied by the custodian, who designates each important article, rendering unnecessary any specification.

Grounds not open to the public. Property now in the possession of Mr. Hope-Scott, who married the granddaughter of Sir Walter. See Route 5, Note 5.

Achilles (a-kil'-ees), the principal hero of the Iliad and of the siege of Troy; slew Hector and dragged his body to the ships. He was the handsomest and bravest of the Greeks, of whom he was the leader. STATUE: Glyp., No. 60.

Actæon (ak-tee'-on), myth. A celebrated hunter who, having beheld Diana and her nymphs bathing, was changed by the goddess into a stag, and torn in pieces by his own hounds.

STATUE: Br. Mus. 165.

Addison, Joseph, Eng., b. at Lichfield; educated at Lichfield and Oxford; wrote the Spectator at Shaftsbury House, W. Brompton; d. 1719, at Holland House, Kensington, London; lay in state in the Jerusalem Chamber, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, Chapel of Henry VII., n. aisle. Monument in the Poets' Corner, s. aisle, representing him in his dressing-gown and surrounded by the Muses.

Adonis (a-doe'-nis), myth; beloved by Venus; died from a wound received in the chase. From his blood sprung the anemone. So great was the grief of Venus at his death, that Adonis was permitted to spend 6 months of each year in the upper world,

ADOR

and the remaining 6 with Proserpine in Hades, thus typifying summer and winter.

STATUES: Berlin, 104, 162; Naples, Capuan; Vatican, 396, *443; Spada, 66. *Adoration of the Lamb, a celebrated painting by the van Eycks-in the Cathedral of St. Bavon, Ghent. It consisted of 2 principal pictures, each covered with double panels; in all, 24

pictures. The upper central portion was of 3 sections, God the King, and on the sides, the Virgin and John Baptist; on the inside of the wings are angels singing, and Adam and Eve. The lower central portion is an extensive scene with the Lamb in the centre, and groups of martyrs and saints in the foreground, and towers in the distance. In the 4 sections of the wings are groups coming to worship. Beneath was a representation of Hell. The panels, when closed, presented 8 sections, in which were single figures of angels and saints. Altogether, there are exceeding

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300 well-finished heads. The various parts of this picture are now dispersed, 6 panels being in the Berlin Museum (for which $75,000 were paid); 2, Adam

66

and Eve," in the Brussels Museum; whilst the "Hell" is lost. The other portions remain in Ghent. Napoleon carried the picture to Paris, but it was restored in 1814. Of all the works attributed to Hubert van Eyck, this alone is known to be genuine. A century after its completion, a copy was made for Philip II. of Spain. A second copy of the inner picture is now in the Antwerp Museum.

"That this wonderful performance, when finished and exhibited, should have been looked at with exceptional interest, is not surprising. It was the finest picture of the age in Belgium; remarkable for its perfection of technical handling,

and eminently calculated to captivate a public full of the fervor of religion. When

Eschines-Naples.

open, it represented the "Sacrifice of Christ," and the "Triumph of the Church Militant;" when closed, it displayed, in prominent positions, the portraits of the donors."-Crowe and Caval.

Æneas (e-nee'-as), myth; son of Venus; the leader of the Trojans in the Trojan war. The hero of Virgil in his Æneid, who, fleeing from burning Troy, went to Italy and founded Rome.

Eschines (ess'-ke-neez), an Athenian orator, B. C. 389. He delivered a celebrated oration against Demosthenes, to which the latter replied in his more celebrated oration "On the Crown."

STATUES: Cap., IV. 61; Hermit., 60 Naples, 572 (315); ( ). **Marble statue, found at Herculaneum It represents an Athenian orator, clad in a mantle with the r. arm across the breast, as if in the act of pronouncing an oration.

"The noble statue of Eschines is the finest work of the whole collection, the grandest embodiment of high intellectual power and calm dignity of character that ever was expressed in marble. The attitude

the simple and expressive disposition of the drapery, and the elevated air of the head, make this statue one of the most precious legacies which antiqui'y has bequeathed to us." - Hillard.

Esculapius-Berlin.

Esculapius (ess'-cu-lá pe-us), myth; the god of medicine whom Jupiter killed, fearing lest by his arts men might escape death. Represented with the serpent coiled around his staff; usually draped to the chest or shoulder.

STATUES: Berlin, 17, 41, 64, 76, 87, 276; Cap., III., 5; Conserv., 86: Naples 123 (94); Torl., 92: Vat, (Br.), 17, (Chi.) 113, 444, 454.

myth; married Clytemnestra; a leader of the Greeks in the siege of Troy. Having killed a stag sacred to Diana, the goddess sent a pestilence into the army. To appease her anger, Agamemnon consented to sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia, who, however, at the moment of sacrifice, was rescued by Diana herself.

Agasias (a-ga'-se-as); HEGASIAS, Greek sculp.: I. AGASIAS, son of Dositheos, about 400 B.C., sculp. of the Borghese Gladiator in the Louvre. II. AGASIAS, son of Menophilus of Delos, about 100 B. C. III. AGASIAS, father of Heraclides. Ageladas (aj-é-la-das), Greek sculp., 540 B. C.;

of Phidias, Myron, and Polycletus.

the instructor

Agesander (aj'-e-san'-der), of Rhodes, who, with his sons Polydorus and Athenodorus, sculptured the Laocoön.

Agnes, St., 304 A.D.; a Roman maiden, who, declining the suit of the son of the prefect, was ordered to become a Vestal Virgin. Declaring she would serve none but the Lord, she was sent to a house of infamy, where the soldiers stripped her of her garments. Praying for protection, her hair immediately grew and covered her whole person. The prefect's son now coming in, in answer to her prayers, he was struck with instantaneous blindness. Upon this she was condemned to be burned, but the flames did her no harm, whilst they consumed her executioners. At last an end was made to her life by the sword. She was buried where the Ch. of St. Agnes now stands, beyond the Porta Pia, Rome. Usually represented with a lamb.