through an entire book, as in the case of the Book of Jonah, of Pilgrim's Progress, and of Edmund Spenser's "Faery Queene." The short allegory is sometimes called a "fib," or parable, depending not a little upon the nature of the subject. Example:

BELPHEOBE THE HUNTRESS

Eftsoones there stepped forth

From the Faery Queene.

A goodly lady clad in hunter's weed,

That seem'd to be a woman of great worth,

And by her stately portance born of heavenly birth.

Her face so fair, as flesh it seemed not,

But heavenly portrait of bright angel's hue, Clear as the sky, withouten blame or blot,

Through goodly mixture of complexions due; And in her cheeks the vermeil red did shew Like roses in a bed of lillies shed,

The which ambrosial odours from them threw, And gazers' sense with double pleasure fed, Able to heal the sick and to revive the dead.

In her fair eyes two living lamps did flame,
Kindled above at th' heavenly Maker's light,
And darted fiery beams out of the same,

So passing persaunt and so wondrous bright,
That quite bereaved the rash beholder's sight:

In them the blinded god his lustful fire

To kindle oft essay'd, but had no might;

For, with dread majesty and awful ire,

She broke his wanton darts, and quenched base desire.

Her ivory forehead full of bounty brave,
Like a broad table did itself dispread,
For Love his lofty triumphs to engrave,

And write the battles of his great godhead:
All good and honour might therein be read;

For there their dwelling was. And when she spake,
Sweet words like dropping honey she did shed;

And twixt the pearls and rubies softly brake
A silver sound, that heavenly music seem'd to make.

Upon her eyelids many graces sate,

Under the shadow of her even brows,
Working belgrades and amorous retrate;
And every one her with a grace endows,
And every one with meekness to her bows:
So glorious mirror of celestial grace,

And sovereign monument of mortal vows,
How shall frail pen describe her heavenly face,
For fear, through want of skill, her beauty to disgrace?

So fair, and thousand thousand times more fair,
She seem'd, when she presented was to sight:
And was clad for heat of scorching air,

All in a silken Camus, lily white,

Purfled upon with many a folded plight, Which all above besprinkled was throughout With golden aygulets that glist'red bright, Like twinkling stars; and all the skirt about Was hemm'd with golden fringe.

Her yellow locks, crisped like golden wire,
About her shoulders were loosely shed,
And when the wind amongst them did inspire,
They waved like a pennon wide dispread,
And low behind her back were scattered;
And whether art it were or heedless hap,

As through the flow'ring forest rash she fled,
In her rude hairs sweet flow'rs themselves did lap,
And flourishing fresh leaves and blossoms did enwrap.

Such as Diana by the sandy shore

Of swift Eurotas, or on Cynthrus green,

Where all the nymphs have her unwares forlore,
Wand'reth alone with bow and arrows keen,
To seek her game; or as that famous queen

Of Amazons, whom Pyrrhus did destroy
The day that first of Priam she was seen,
Did show herself in great triumphant joy,
To succour the weak state of sad afflicted Troy.

PARABLE

And he spake this parable unto them, saying,

What man of you, having an hundred sheep, if he lose one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost, until he find it?

And when he hath found it, he layeth it on his shoulders, rejoicing.

And when he cometh home, he calleth together his friends and neighbours, saying unto them, Rejoice with for I have found my sheep which was lost.

me;

I say unto you, that likewise joy shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, more than over ninety and nine just persons, which need no repentance.

Figures based upon Relation and Association are: Metonomy and Synecdoche.

IV. Metonomy

Metonomy means change of name, that is, giving the name of one object in the place of another object. Examples:

1. The drunkard loves his bottle.

2. Man shall live by the sweat of his brow.

3. Since he was obliged to live by his pen, he could set but a poor table.

4. The Lord shall comfort Zion.

5. The kettle boils.

V. Synecdoche

Synecdoche is the change of name from one object to another which literally expresses something more or something less than is intended. Examples:

1. His meat was locusts and wild honey.

2. He never knew the joys of the paternal hearth.

3. The colt will be three years old next grass.

4. The ways of the Almighty are past finding out. 5. He may be a Cincinnatus or a Washington.

Note: In the Synonyms we find that Metonomy and Synecdoche alike involve the substitution for one idea of another closely allied to it. The technical distinction in the two, which may be seen in the definitions, is now little noted, and the tendency now is to allow Metonomy to do duty for both.

Figures based on Imagination are: Personification, Apostrophe, and Hyperbole.

Personification consists in attributing to an object some of the qualities, actions, thoughts, or feelings of the human being. Examples:

1. The laughing hours have chased away the night.

2. Let the floods clap their hands, let the hills be joyful together before the Lord.

3. To Truth's house there is a single door: experience.

4. "The mountains sing together, the hills rejoice and clap their hands."

5. Doth not Wisdom cry? and Understanding put forth her voice?

Note: It is only the highest degree of imagination which requires the capital letter.

VII. Apostrophe

Consult page 111 on Apostrophe. Examples:

1. O Nature, how fair is thy face!

2. Bless the Lord, O my soul! and forget not all his benefits.

3. O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?

4.

O mighty Cæsar! dost thou lie so low?

Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,
Shrunk to this little measure?

Note: The chief difference between Apostrophe and Personification is that in Apostrophe, the object is spoken to, in Personification, the object is spoken of. Examples of both Apostrophe and Personification:

1. O river, gentle river! gliding on

2.

In silence underneath the starless sky!
Thine is a ministry that never rests
Even while the living slumber.

"Put on thy strength, O Zion; put on thy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem, the holy city."

3.

And if, in tales our fathers told, our mothers sung,
Tradition wears a snowy beard, Romance is always

young.