In

associated with his poems? What were his first publications? What poem first gave him popularity? What was his first volume of poems? What famous ballads were in one of his earlier volumes? What was the origin of “Evangeline"? Describe the plan of "Christus." Give some account of "Hiawatha." what sense is it original? What quality, unusual for Longfellow, is found in "The Courtship of Miles Standish"? What was the plan of "The Tales of a Wayside Inn"? What were his later publications? What is the central incident of "Evangeline"? In the selection, how does the style correspond to the thought? Note the use of alliteration and assonance. Is the hexameter line in this poem successfully used? What are some of the peculiarities of the verse in the selection from "The Golden Legend"? How is character brought out? Is the poem really

dramatic in its effect? What are some of the evidences of artistic skill in the "Hymn to the Night"? What is the rime scheme? What figure prevades the whole? acteristics of Longfellow are illustrated by this poem?

What special char

Give an outline of the career of James Russell Lowell. Into what two groups may his poetical works be divided? What is his ideal of the poet's mission as expressed in two of his earlier poems? What are some of the more important poems in his earlier volumes? What are some of the characteristic qualities of "Sir Launfal"? In the extracts from that poem what are some of the evidences of real observation of nature? What are examples of his power of expression? How is his ideal illustrated? What is the character of the "Fable for Critics"? What historical events were the occasion of "The Biglow Papers"? What dramatic qualities do they display? What is the effect of the dialect? What evidences of nature study in the selection? What are some of the qualities, in form and thought, of "The Present Crisis"? What poem probably comes nearest to Lowell's ideal? In the selection from "The Commemoration Ode," what metaphors and similes are notable for freshness and force? What epithets are especially well chosen? Point out some lines of especial strength. What evidence of remarkable

insight is there in these lines?

How did Whittier's early life differ from that of the other poets of the "New England Group "?

What was his relation

to the antislavery movement? How may his poetry be divided?

What qualities are noted by himself in the "Proem " to "Voices of Freedom"? What poems of special interest appeared in the volume called “Songs of Labor”? How are his religious feelings revealed in the poems cited from "The Chapel of the Hermits" volume? What are some of the reasons for the great popularity of "Maud Muller "? What was Whittier's relation to the Civil War of 1861-1865; and what famous ballad belongs to that period? What are some of the more important volumes of his poetry since 1865? To what class of poems does "Snowbound" belong? What sort of life does it reveal? What lines of special descriptive power in the opening passage? In what lines does poetic imagination specially appear? How does the poem show realistic power? What special realistic power is shown in the last selection? In what class of poems has Whittier shown surpassing excellence? What is the story of "Barbara Frietchie"? What special quality of form characterizes it? What special descriptive effects are there, and how are they secured? How is sound fitted to sense? What is the most striking quality? What contrast at the close? What is the secret of this ballad's

power? What are the characteristic qualities of the poetry of T. B. Aldrich?

CHAPTER X

PERIOD OF THE LATER NINeteenth CenTURY,

1850-1900

VERSE (Continued)

He

Whitman, born in New

York, 1819;

died in New

Jersey, 1892.

ONE of the most interesting figures in our Litera- Walt ture is that of Walt Whitman. He was a printer by trade, taught school, and worked at the trade of carpenter. He acted as a volunteer nurse in the army hospitals during the war of 1861-1865, and held a government clerkship in Washington till 1874. The last years of his life he lived in retirement in Camden, New Jersey. He had extreme theories as to poetry, and tried to carry them out in his own work. believed that everything connected with human life is essentially pure, and therefore fit subject for poetical treatment. An attempt to carry out this theory with absolute literalness might be expected to lead to some startling results, and it does in the case of Whitman's poetry. No one who has studied his work or his character can think that he has any impure or immoral intention. But the effect in general literature of some of his writings is very much the same as that which would be produced by a crazy man appearing on the street without his clothes. No one would receive moral injury, but the police would cover him up and insist on his retiring. Another