ANALYSIS. tion was not enforced. 'When the supreme authority devolved upon Cromwell, as Protector of the CommonCommonwealth of England, the New England colonies found in him an ardent friend, and a protector of their liberties. 1. During the wealth. 1652. tory of Maine. 3. In 1652 the province of Maine* was taken under 2. Early his the jurisdiction of Massachusetts. As early as 1626 a few feeble settlements were commenced along the coast of Maine, but hardly had they gained a permanent existence, before the whole territory, from the Piscataqua† to the Penobscot, was granted away by the Plymouth Company, by a succession of conflicting patents, which were afterwards the occasion of long-continued and bitter controversies. a. April 13. 3. Gorges, scheme of and his government. b. 1652. 1656. 4. First ar rival of Quakers in Massachu 8e113. 5. Laros against them. C. 1657. 1658. 6. Avowed object of the law of 1658. 4. In 1639 Ferdinand Gorges, a member of the Plymouth Company, obtained a royal charter, constituting him Lord Proprietor of the country. The stately scheme of government which he attempted to establish was poorly suited to the circumstances of the people; and they finally sought a refuge from anarchy, and the contentions of opposing claimants to their territory, by taking into their own hands the powers of government, and placing themselves under the protection of a sister colony. 5. In 1656 occurred the first arrival of Quakers in Massachusetts, a sect which had recently arisen in Eng. land. The report of their peculiar sentiments and actions had preceded them, and they were sent back by the vessels in which they came. "The four united colonies then concurred in a law prohibiting the introduction of Quakers, but still they continued to arrive in increasing numbers, although the rigor of the law was increased against them. At length, in 1658, by the advice of the commissioners of the four colonies, the legislature of Massachusetts, after a long discussion, and by a majority of a single vote, denounced the punishment of death upon all Quakers returning from banishment. 6. "The avowed object of the law was not to persecute the Quakers, but to exclude them; and it was thought 7. Its effect. that its severity would be effectual. But the fear of death had no influence over men who believed they were MAINE, the northeastern of the United States, is supposed to contain an area of nearly 35.000 square miles. In the north and northwest the country is mountainous, and has a poor soil. Throughout the interior it is generally hilly, and the land rises so rapidly from the seacoast, that the tide in the numerous rivers flows but a short distance inland. The best land in the state is between the Penobscot and Kennebec rivers, where it is excellent. The coast is lined with islands, and indented with numerous bays and inlets, which furnish more good harbors than are found in any other state in the Union. †The Piscataqua rises between Maine and New Hampshire, and throughout its whole course, of forty miles, constitutes the boundary between the two states. That part of the stream above Berwick Falls is called Salmon Falls River. Great Bay, with its tributaries, Lamprey. Exeter, Oyster River, and other streams, unites with it on the south, five miles above Portsmouth (See Map, p. 206.) divinely commissioned to proclaim the sinfulness of a 1659. dying people; and four of those who had been banished, were executed according to the law,-rejoicing in their death, and refusing to accept a pardon, which was vainly urged upon them, on condition of their abandoning the colony forever. 1660. Trial of suffered suit of these the last who 2. Final re 7. During the trial of the last who suffered, another, who had been banished, entered the court, and reproached the magistrates for shedding innocent blood. "The prisons were soon filled with new victims, who eagerly crowded forward to the ranks of martyrdom; but, as a proceedings. natural result of the severity of the law, public sympathy was turned in favor of the accused, and the law was repealed. The other laws were relaxed, as the Quakers 1661. gradually became less ardent in the promulgation of their sentiments, and more moderate in their opposition to the usages of the people. 8. Tidings of the restoration of monarchy in England were brought by the arrival, at Boston, of two of the judges who had condemned Charles I. to death, and who now fled from the vengeance of his son. These judges, whose names were Edward Whalley and William Goffe, were kindly received by the people; and when orders were sent, and messengers arrived for their arrest, they were concealed from the officers of the law, and were enabled to end their days in New England. 3. Judges of b. Aug. 6, Charles I. 1660. $1661. 4 Restric New Eng tions upon land com merce. 9. "The commercial restrictions from which the New England colonies were exempt during the time of the Commonwealth, were renewed after the restoration. The harbors of the colonies were closed against all but English vessels; such articles of American produce as were in demand in England were forbidden to be shipped to foreign markets; even the liberty of free trade among the colonies themselves was taken away, and they were finally forbidden to manufacture, for their own use, or for foreign markets, those articles which would come in competition with English manufactures. These restrictions 5. Not strictly were the subject of frequent complaints, and could seldom be strictly enforced; but England would never repeal them, and they became a prominent link in the chain of causes which led to the revolution. enforced. 1664. d. Aug. 2 royal com 6. Arrival of missioners in New England. 10. In 1664 a royal fleet, destined for the reduction of the Dutch colonies on the Hudson, arrived at Boston, bringing commissioners who were instructed to hear and determine all complaints that might exist in New England, and take such measures as they might deem expedient for settling the peace and security of the country on a 7. How this solid foundation. Most of the New England colonies, measures 1. In Maine In Conn, Massachu ANALYSIS ever jealous of their liberties, viewed this measure with alarm, and considered it a violation of their charters. 11. 'In Maine and New Hampshire the commissioners and NH occasioned much disturbance; in Connecticut they were Plymouth, received with coldness; in Plymouth with secret opposition; but, in Rhode Island, with every mark of deference 2. Conduct of and attention. Massachusetts alone, although professing the most sincere loyalty to the king, asserted with boldness her chartered rights, and declining to acknowledge the authority of the commissioners, protested against its 3. The result. exercise within her limits. In general, but little attention was paid to the acts of the commissioners, and they were at length recalled. After their departure, New England enjoyed a season of prosperity and tranquillity, until the breaking out of King Philip's war, in 1675. seits. 4. Treaty toith Massasoit. b. 1662. II. KING PHILIP'S WAR.-1. The treaty of friendship which the Plymouth colony made with Massasoit, the a. See p. 192. great sachem of the Wampanoags, was kept unbroken during his lifetime. After his death, his two sons, Alexander and Philip, were regarded with much jealousy by the English, and were suspected of plotting against them. The elder brother, Alexander, soon dying, Philip succeeded him. 5. The troo sons of Massasoit. C. 1662. 6. What has been said of early New England historians. 2. It is said by the early New England historians, Philip by the that this chief, jealous of the growing power of the whites, and perceiving, in it, the eventual destruction of his own race, during several years secretly carried on his designs of uniting all the neighboring tribes in a warlike confede 7. By later racy against the English. By later, and more impartial writers, it is asserted that Philip received the news of the death of the first Englishmen who were killed, with so much sorrow as to cause him to weep; and that he was forced into the war by the ardor of his young men, against his own judgment and that of his chief counsellors. writers. 8. Commencement of King d. 1674. 3. A friendly Indian missionary, who had detected Philip's war the supposed plot, and revealed it to the Plymouth people, was, soon after, found murdered. Three Indians were arrested, tried, and convicted of the murder, one of whom, at the execution, confessed they had been instigated by Philip to commit the deed. Philip, now encouraged by the general voice of his tribe, and seeing no possibility of avoiding the war, sent his women and children to the 1675. Narragansetts for protection, and, early in July, 1675, made an attack upon Swanzey,* and killed several people. e. July 4. *Swanzey is a small village of Massachusetts, on a northern branch of Mount Hope Bay, (part of Narragansett Bay.) It is twelve miles S.E. from Providence, and about thirty-five S.W. from Plymouth. (See Map, p. 215.) 1. Pursuit July. 4. 'The country was immediately alarmed, and the 1675. troops of Plymouth, with several companies from Boston, marched in pursuit of the enemy. A few Indians were of the enemy. killed, the troops penetrated to Mount Hope,* the residence of Philip, but he and his warriors fled at their approach. It being known that the Narragansetts favored 2 The Narra the cause of Philip, and it being feared that they would join him in the war, the forces proceeded into the Narragansett country, where they concluded a treaty of peace with that tribe. 5. During the same month the forces of Philip were attacked in a swamp at Pocasset, now Tiverton,† but the whites, after losing sixteen of their number, were obliged to withdraw. They then attempted to guard the avenues leading from the swamp, in the hope of reducing the Indians by starvation; but, after a siege of thirteen days, the enemy contrived to escape in the night across an arm of the bay, and most of them, with Philip, fled westward to the Connecticut River, where they had previously induced the Nipmucks,‡ a tribe in the interior of Massachusetts, to join them. 6. The English, in the hope of reclaiming the Nip- 4 mucks, had sent Captains Wheeler and Hutchinson, with a party of twenty men, into their country, to treat with them. The Indians had agreed to meet them near Brookfield ; but, lurking in ambush, they fell upon them as they approached, and killed most of the party. gansetts. a. July 25. b. July 28. Events es and fight of Tiverton, Phuip. Events that Brookfield. happened at c. Aug. 12. that place. 7. The remainder fled to Brookfield, and alarmed the 5. Stege at inhabitants, who hastily fortified a house for their protection. Here they were besieged during two days, and every expedient which savage ingenuity could devise was adopted for their destruction. At one time the savages had succeeded in setting the building on fire, when the rain suddenly descended and extinguished the kindling flames. On the arrival of a party to the relief of the garrison the Indians abandoned the place. 7. A few days later, 180 men attacked the Indians d. Sept. 5. 6 Events that occurred at Deerfield. Mount Hope, or Pokanoket, is a hill of a conical form, nearly 300 feet high, in the present town of Bristol, Rhode Island, and on the west shore of Mount Hope Bay. The hill is two reiles N.E. from Bristol Court-house. The view from its summit is highly beautiful. (See Map. p. 215.) Tiverton is in the State of Rhode Island, south from Mount Hope Bay, and having on the west the East Passage of Narragansett Bay. A stone bridge 1000 feet long connects the village, on the south, with the island of Rhode Island. The village is thirteen miles N.E. from Newport, and sixteen in a direct line S.E. from Providence. The Swamp on Pocasset Neck is seven miles long. (See Map, p. 215.) county. The Nipmucks occupied the country in the central and southern parts of Worcester Brookfield is in Worcester county, Massachusetts, sixty miles W. from Boston, and twentyfive E. from Connecticut River. This town was long a solitary settlement, being about half way between the old towns on Connecticut River, and those on the east towards the Atlantic coast. The place of ambuscade was two or three miles west from the village, at a narrow passage between a steep hill and a thick swamp, at the head of Wickaboag Pond. ANALYSIS in the southern part of the town of Deerfield,* killing twenty-six of the enemy, and losing ten of their own number. On the eleventh of September Deerfield was burned 1. At Hadley by the Indians. 'On the same day Hadley† was alarmed in time of public worship, and the people thrown into the utmost confusion. Suddenly there appeared a man of venerable aspect in the midst of the affrighted inhabitants, who put himself at their head, led them to the onset, and, after the dispersion of the enemy, instantly disappeared. The deliverer of Hadley, then imagined to be an angel, a See p. 191. was General Goffe, one of the judges of Charles I., who was at that time concealed in the town. 2. At Bloody Brook. 3. At Springfeld. 9. On the 28th of the same month, as Captain Lathrop and eighty young men, with several teams, were transporting a quantity of grain from Deerfield to Hadley, nearly a thousand Indians suddenly surrounded them at a place since called Bloody Brook,‡ and killed nearly their whole number. The noise of the firing being heard at Deerfield, Captain Mosely, with seventy men, hastened to the scene of action. After a contest of several hours he found himself obliged to retreat, when a reinforcement of one hundred English and sixty friendly Mohegan Indians, came to his assistance, and the enemy were at length repulsed with a heavy loss. Gree field 10. The Springfield§ Indians, who had, until this period, remained friendly, now united with the enemy, with whom they formed a plot for the destruction of the town. The people, however, escaped to their garrisons, although nearly all their dwellings were burned. 4. At Hatfield. With seven or eight hundred of his men, Philip next made an attack upon Hatfield,|| the head-quarters of the whites in that region, but he met with a brave resistance and was compelled to retreat. b. Oct. 15 c. Oct. 29. *The town of Deerfield is in Franklin county, Massachusetts, on the west bank of Connecticut River. Deerfield River runs through the town, and at its N.E. extremity enters the Connecticut. The village is pleasantly situated on a plain, bordering on Deerfield River, separated from the Connecticut by a range of hills. (See Map.) ↑ Hadley is on the east side of Connecticut River, three miles N.E. from Northampton, with which it is connected by a bridge 1080 feet long. (See Map.) Bloody Brook is a small stream in the southern part of the town of Deerfeld. The place where Lathrop was surprised is now the small village of Muddy Brook, four or five miles from the village of Deerfield. (See Map.) § Springfield is in the southern part of Massachusetts, on the east side of the Connecticut River, twenty-four miles N. from Hartford, and ninety S. W. from Boston. The main street extends along the river two miles. Here is the most extensive public armory in the U. States. The Chickapee River, passing through the town, enters the Connecticut at Cabotsville, four miles north from Springfield. (See Map.) Hatfield is on the west side of the Connecticut, four or five miles N. from Northampton. (See Map.) arthi W.Springfield? Montr rland lladjey Valley of the Connecticut River in 20 Hadley |