made for the

ANALYSIS by a hundred German families from the Rhine,* who I had been driven in poverty from their homes, by the de1. Provisions vastations of war, and religious persecution. The propriemigrants. etors assigned to each family two hundred and fifty acres of land; and generous contributions in England furnished them with provisions and implements of husbandry, sufficient for their immediate wants.

2 Changes that had

14. A great change had fallen upon the numerous Indian tribes on the sea-coast, since the time of Sir Walter Raleigh's attempted settlements. One tribe, which could the time then bring three thousand bowmen into the field, was now

fallen upon the Indian tribes since

Sir Walter
Baleigh.

3. Tuscaroras and the. Corees.

reduced to fifteen men; another had entirely disappeared; and, of the whole, but a remnant remained. After hav ing sold most of their lands, their reservations had been encroached upon;-strong drink had degraded the Indians, and crafty traders had impoverished them; and they had passed away before the march of civilization, like snow beneath a vertical sun.

15. "The Tuscaroras and the Corees, being farther inland, had held little intercourse with the whites; but they had observed, with jealousy and fear, their growing pow. er, and the rapid advance of their settlements, and with Indian secrecy they now plotted the extermination of the 1711. strangers. A surveyor, who was found upon their lands 4. Commence with his chain and compass, was the first victim. Leaving their fire-arms, to avoid suspicion, in small parties, acting in concert, they approached the scattered settlements along Roanoket River and Pamlico Sound; and in one night, one hundred and thirty persons fell by the hatchet.

ment of hostilities

a. Sept.

b. Oct. 2.

5. Services of Col Barn

16. Colonel Barnwell, with a considerable body of tell against friendly Cherokees, Creeks, and Catawbas, was sent from the Indians South Carolina to the relief of the settlers, and having defeated the enemy in different actions, he pursued them to their fortified town,‡ which capitulated, and the Indians were allowed to escape. But in a few days the treaty was broken on both sides, and the Indians renewed hostilities. At length Colonel Moore, of South Carolina, arrived, with forty white men and eight hundred friendly 1713.. Indians; and in 1713 the Tuscaroras were besieged in d April 5. their fort, and eight hundred taken prisoners. At last

6. Farther progress and the end of the tour.

e Dec.

* The Rhine, one of the most important rivers in Europe, rises in Switzerland, passes through Lake Constance, and after flowing N. and N.W. through Germany, it turns to the west, and, through several channels, enters the North Sea or German Ocean, between Holland and Belgium.

↑ Roanoke River, formed by the junction of Staunton and Dan Rivers, near the south boundary of Virginia, flows S.E. through the northeastern part of North Carolina, and enters the head of Albemarle Sound.

This place was near the River Neuse, a short distance above Edenton, in Craven County, This place was in Greene County, on Cotentnea (or Cotechney) Creek, a short distance its entrance into the River Neuse

the hostile part of the tribe migrated north, and, joining 1713. their kindred in New York, became the sixth nation of the Iroquois confederacy. In 1715 peace was concluded with the Corees.

17. 'In 1729, the two Carolinas, which had hitherto been under the superintendence of the same board of proprietors, were finally separated; and royal governments, entirely unconnected, were established over them. 'From this time, until the period immediately preceding the Revolution, few events occurred to disturb the peace and increasing prosperity of North Carolina. In 1744 public attention was turned to the defence of the sea-coast, on account of the commencement of hostilities between England and Spain. About the time of the commencement of the French and Indian war, the colony received large accessions to its numbers, by emigrants from Ireland and Scotland, and thus the settlements were extended into the interior, where the soil was far more fertile than the lands previously occupied.

1715.

a. Feb 1729. Events that

occurred in
1729
b. July.
c. Sept.

and progress

of

2 Condition North Car lina from the revolu

this time till

tion.

1754.

CHAPTER XI.

SOUTH CAROLINA.*

1. The charter granted to Lord Clarendon and others, in 1663, embraced, as has been stated, a large extent of territory, reaching from Virginia to Florida. After the establishment of a colony in the northern part of their province, the proprietors, early in 1670, fitted out several ships, with emigrants, for planting a southern colony, under the direction of William Sayle, who had previously explored the coast. The ships which bore the emigrants entered the harbor of Port Royal, near Beaufort,† whence, after a short delay, they sailed into Ashley‡ River, on the

SOUTH CAROLINA, one of the Southern States, contains an area of nearly 33,000 square miles. The sea-coast is bordered with a chain of fertile islands. The Low Country, extending from eighty to 100 miles from the coast, is covered with forests of pitch pine, called pine barrens, interspersed with marshes and swamps, which form excellent rice plantations. Beyond this, extending fifty or sixty miles in width, is the Middle Country, composed of numerous ridges of sand hills, presenting an appearance which has been compared to the waves of the sea su idenly arrested in their course. Beyond these sand hills commences the Upper Country, which is a beautiful and healthy, and generally fertile region, about 800 feet above the level of the sea. The Blue Ridge, a branch of the Alleghanies, passes along the N Western boundary.

of the state.

↑ Beaufort, in South Carolina, is situated on Port Royal Island, on the W. bank of Port Royal River, a narrow branch of the ocean. It is sixteen miles from the sea, and about thirtysix miles, in a direct line, N.L. from Savannah. (See Map, p. 129.)

Ashley River rises about thirty miles N.W. from Charleston, and, passing along the west side of the city, enters Charleston Harbor seven miles from the ocean. (See Map, next page.)

ANALYSIS. South side of which the settlement of Old Charleston was commenced. The colony, in honor of Sir George Carteret, one of the proprietors, was called the CARTERET COUNTY COLONY.

1671.

occurred in

a. Dec.

2. 'Early in 1671 Governor Sayle sunk under the dis1. Events that eases of a sickly climate, and the council appointed Joseph 1671. West to succeed him, until they should learn the will of the proprietors. In a few months, Sir John Yeamans, then governor of Clarendon, was appointed governor of 2 The colony the southern colony. From Barbadoes he brought a supplied with number of African slaves, and South Carolina was, from the first, essentially, a planting state, with slave labor. Representative government was early established by the people, but the attempt to carry out the plan of government formed by the proprietors proved ineffectual.

laborers.

3. The goo the colony

ernment of

b. 1761-2. 4. Circumstances that

favored the

settlement

of South

c. 1671.

3. 'Several circumstances contributed to promote the early settlement of South Carolina. A long and bloody and goth war between two neighboring Indian tribes, and a fatal Carolina epidemic which had recently prevailed, had opened the way for the more peaceful occupation of the country by the English. The recent conquest of New Netherlands induced many of the Dutch to emigrate, and several ship loads of them were conveyed to Carolina, by the proprie tors, free of expense. Lands were assigned them west of the Ashley River, where they formed a settlement, which was called Jamestown. The inhabitants soon spread themselves through the country, and in process of time the town was deserted. Their prosperity induced many of their countrymen from Holland to follow them. A few years later a company of French Protestants, refugees from their own country, were sent over by the king of England.

d. 1679.

5. Settlement

of Charleston.

4. 'The pleasant location of "Oyster Point," between and pre the rivers Ashley and Cooper,* had early attracted the attention of the settlers, and had gained a few inhabitants; 1680. and in 1680 the foundation of a new town was laid there, which was called Charleston. It was immediately de

Cooper River rises about thirty-five miles N.E. from Charleston, and passing along the east side of the city, unites with Ashley River, to form Charleston Harbor. Wando River, a short but broad stream, enters the Cooper from the east, four miles above the city. (See Map.)

Charleston, a city and seaport of S. Carolina, is situated on a peninsula formed by the union of Ashley and Cooper Rivers, seven miles from the ocean. It is) only about seven feet above high tide; and parts of the city have been overflowed when the wind and tide have combined to raise the waters. The harbor, below the city, is about two miles in width, and seven in length. across the mouth of which is a sand bar, having four passages, the deepest of which, near Sullivan's Island, has seventeen feet of water, at high tide. During the summer months the city is more healthy than the surrounding country.

clared the capital of the province, and during the first year thirty dwellings were erected. 'In the same year the colony was involved in difficulties with the Indians. Straggling parties of the Westoes began to plunder the plantations, and several Indians were shot by the planters. War immediately broke out; a price was fixed on Indian prisoners; and many of them were sent to the West Indies, and sold for slaves. The following year peace was concluded, and commissioners were appointed to decide all complaints between the contending parties.

1680.

1. First war dians, and its

with the In

termination.

a. 1681.

1684.

Events at 1686.

Port Royal.

Huguenots to

b. 1685.

5. In 1684 a few families of Scotch emigrants settled at Port Royal; but two years later, the Spaniards of St. Augustine, claiming the territory, invaded the settlement, and laid it waste. About this time the revocation of the 3. Removal of edict of Nantes* induced a large number of French Pro-America. testants, generally called Huguenots, to leave their country and seek an asylum in America. A few settled in New England; others in New York; but South Carolina became their chief resort. Although they had been in- 4. How they duced, by the proprietors, to believe that the full rights of citizenship would be extended to them here, yet they were long viewed with jealousy and distrust by the English settlers, who were desirous of driving them from the country, by enforcing against them the laws of England respecting aliens.

6. The administration of Governor Colleton was sig. nalized by a continued series of disputes with the people, who, like the settlers in North Carolina, refused to submit to the form of government established by the proprie tors. An attempt of the governor to collect the rents claimed by the proprietors, finally drove the people to open rebellion. They forcibly took possession of the public records, held assemblies in opposition to the governor, and the authority of the proprietors, and imprisoned the secretary of the province. At length Colleton, pretending danger from Indians or Spaniards, called out the militia, and proclaimed the province under martial law. This only exasperated the people the more, and Colleton was finally impeached by the assembly, and banished from the pro

vince.

7. During these commotions, Seth Sothel, who had previously been banished from North Carolina, arrived in the province, and assumed the government, with the

were at first

regarded, and by the Eng

how treated

5.

tish.

occurred du

Events that ring Gov. administra

Colleton's

tion. c. 1686-1690.

1690.

Sothel's add. See p. 253.

ministration.

Nantes is a large commercial city in the west of France, on the N. side of the River Loire, thirty miles from its mouth. It was in this place that Henry IV. promulgated the famous eist in 1598, in favor of the Protestants, granting them the free exercise of their religion. In 1955 this edict was revoked by Louis XIV.;-a violent persecution of the Protestants followed, and thousands of them fled from the kingdom.

administra

ANALYSIS. consent of the people. But his avarice led him to trample upon every restraint of justice and equity; and after two years of tyranny and misrule, he likewise was de1. Ludwell's posed and banished by the people. 'Philip Ludwell, for some time governor of North Carolina, was then sent to the 1692. southern province, to re-establish the authority of the proprietors. But the old disputes revived, and after a brief, but turbulent administration, he gladly withdrew into Virginia.

tion.

1693.

1693.

dale:-his ad

8. In 1693, one cause of discontent with the people 2. Events was removed by the proprietors; who abolished the "Fundamental Constitution," and returned to a more simple 3. Arch- and more republican form of government. But contenministration. tions and disputes still continuing, John Archdale, who was a Quaker, and proprietor, came over in 1695; and by a wise and equitable administration, did much to allay private animosities, and remove the causes of civil dis 4. French cord. Matters of general moment were settled to the refugees. satisfaction of all, excepting the French refugees; and such was the antipathy of the English settlers against these peaceable, but unfortunate people, that Governor Archdale found it necessary to exclude the latter from all concern in the legislature.

1696.

tion of the

with them.

9. Fortunately for the peace of the colony, soon after 5. Terming the return of Archdale, all difficulties with the Huguenots dificulties were amicably settled. Their quiet and inoffensive behavior, and their zeal for the success of the colony, had gradually removed the national antipathies; and the gen1697. eral assembly at length admitted them to all the rights a. March. of citizens and freemen. The French and English Protestants of Carolina have ever since lived together in har1702. mony and peace. In 1702, immediately after the decla6. Warlike ration of war, by England, against France and Spain. posed by the Governor Moore proposed to the assembly of Carolina an expedition against the Spanish settlement of St. Augustine, in Florida. "The more considerate opposed the project, but a majority being in favor of it, a sum of about nine thousand dollars was voted for the war, and 1200 men were raised, of whom half were Indians.

measure pro

governor in

1702. b. May.

7. Horo received.

8. Expedition

Augustine.

10. While Colonel Daniel marched against St. Augusagainst St. tine by land, the governor proceeded with the main body by sea, and blocked up the harbor. The Spaniards, takng with them all their most valuable effects, and a large supply of provisions, retired to their castle. As nothing could be effected against it, for the want of heavy artillery, Daniel was despatched to Jamaica,* for cannon, mor

Jamaica, one of the West India Islan is, is 100 miles S. from Cuba, and 800 S.E. from St Augustine. It is of an oval form, and is about 150 miles long.